Amyloidosis is a relatively rare condition with an array of complex pathophysiology. Localized amyloidosis is a rare and benign condition that practically never results in any clinical repercussions in the head and neck area. Multiple soft nodules of the tongue, lip, and cheek are the most commonly described defining characteristics of localized oral amyloidosis. These nodules originate due to the proliferation of abnormally folded protein aggregates in the body's extracellular tissue compartments, which destroy organ structure and function. Herein, we address the case of a female infant aged one with a smooth nodule in the labial mucosa who was diagnosed with primary localized amyloidosis. When a patient is diagnosed with amyloidosis of the oral mucosa, the possibility of systemic amyloidosis or an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia must be ruled out. Surgical treatment may be beneficial for eliminating any functional impairment if primary localized amyloidosis is established.

Amyloidosis is a mainly systemic rare disease and its localized presentation is even less frequent. Systemic forms are often associated with other conditions or entities (such as neoplasms), and a correct etiological study of patients with this disease is essential. A localized presentation has a better prognosis compared to systemic forms, which underlines the importance of a correct diagnosis. Primary localized amyloidosis in the head and neck region is a rare entity. Primary amyloidosis localized to the sinonasal tract is extremely rare. Although uncommon, case reports have been increasing in the face of new endoscopic and imaging techniques, and the report of these cases is crucial for a better characterization of this entity. Symptoms may include epistaxis, nasal obstruction, facial deformity, and vision changes. A 72-year-old female with a history of frequent nasal congestion with two years' duration showed no improvement following symptom management. She was referred for nasal endoscopy and biopsy, thereby confirming the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Further diagnostic testing did not show evidence of systemic disease. This case report was previously presented as a poster presentation at the 19th European Congress of Internal Medicine in March 2021.

With the investigation of the efficacy of laser therapy in primary localized amyloidosis(PLCA) only recently starting to materialize, we aimed to review the currently available studies of laser therapy in the management of the disease. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ProQuest online databases with a specified search strategy, assessed the quality of each study, and then extracted the eligible data. Five RCTs(randomized controlled trials), one non-randomized controlled trial, three case series, and nine case reports(18 in total) were included. Overall, carbon dioxide (CO2), neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), pulsed dye (PDL), Er (Erbium):YAG, and yttrium/erbium fiber were the studied lasers. One hundred fifty-five cases in total underwent laser therapy, with CO2 being the most frequent laser. Almost all studies demonstrated significantly desirable outcomes, while only mild and transient side effects were noted. Even though the studies' results were significant, we noticed that implementing a consistent methodology and a standardized objective assessment method was missing. Therefore, we recommend that future studies be conducted with less heterogeneous data for a more definite conclusion.

Primary localized laryngeal amyloidosis is a rare presentation of amyloid deposition. A case of 22 years old male presented with progressive hoarseness of voice and supraglottic mass on laryngoscopy reported here. Complete excision of mass was done using Coblator wand. Histopathological examination and Congo red stain demonstrated AL amyloidosis of Larynx.

Primary amyloidosis of the ureter is a rare disease that is difficult to distinguish from urothelial carcinoma. Only 50 cases of primary ureter amyloidosis have been reported since it was first described in 1937. Of these, only five cases of ureter amyloidosis with osseous metaplasia were reported. In this study, we report the clinical presentation of ureter primary amyloidosis that presented as a mass with osseous metaplasia. The aim of this study is to provide clinicians with knowledge about the clinical/radiologic manifestation that raise the suspicion of amyloidosis, bearing in mind the importance of differentiating it from other "malignant" processes.