Ocular vasculitis is an inflammatory condition affecting intraocular blood vessels, commonly associated with systemic diseases like Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis. However, idiopathic isolated ocular vasculitis is rare, particularly in young adults, and presents diagnostic difficulties. Timely recognition is vital to prevent vision loss. We present a 25-year-old male with unilateral, painless, progressive visual blurring and floaters in the left eye. Examination showed anterior uveitis and retinal vasculitis, including perivasculitis, venous sheathing, and subretinal exudates. Extensive systemic evaluation, including autoimmune and infectious screening, was negative. A diagnosis of idiopathic ocular vasculitis was made. The patient received a single posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide along with topical anti-inflammatory agents. Significant clinical improvement was observed, with visual acuity improving from 6/18 to 6/9 and resolution of inflammatory signs. This case highlights a rare presentation of idiopathic ocular vasculitis involving both anterior and posterior segments, without systemic association. Idiopathic cases are typically diagnosed by exclusion. While systemic corticosteroids are commonly used for vasculitis, localized steroid therapy can be safer and equally effective in isolated ocular cases. The patient's rapid response supports the role of targeted local therapy. Idiopathic ocular vasculitis, though rare, should be considered in patients with intraocular inflammation and no systemic findings. Exclusion of secondary causes and timely localized steroid treatment can preserve vision and prevent complications. Individualized management remains key in such rare presentations. Autoimmune and infectious causes including tuberculosis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, and connective tissue disorders were excluded through thorough laboratory investigations. The patient was followed up for 6 months, demonstrating complete resolution and no recurrence, strengthening the role of local corticosteroid therapy in idiopathic cases.

To explore the population level trends in new incidence of uveitis diagnoses as they relate to seasonal variation across the United States. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects with uveitis in the TriNetX Research USA "No Date Shift" network between 2016 and 2024. Subjects with uveitis as identified by International Classification of Disease -10 encounter diagnoses codes were collected. They were further stratified based on anatomic location (anterior, intermediate, panuveitis, posterior, scleritis, unspecified/systemic) or etiology (infectious, noninfectious, idiopathic). Uveitis diagnosis was calculated as incident cases by season from a baseline ophthalmology patient population and further analyzed using analysis of variation (ANOVA) to isolate significant trends. Incidence and difference between group means of new uveitis diagnosis stratified by season, anatomic, and etiologic classification. ANOVA post-hoc comparisons between seasons showed no association between all permutations of seasonal variations. When stratified by etiology, infectious uveitis had significantly lower incidence in the spring months compared to summer (Mean -3.75, 95% CI -7.49 to -0.02, p = 0.049). This study presents a novel observation that infectious uveitis may vary based on season. Prospective studies are needed to verify these observations.

To report a successfully managed case of idiopathic Fusarium sclerouveitis in a healthy patient with no identifiable risk factors. We describe a case of a 79-year-old man who presented with right-sided eye, facial, and head pain. Initial examination revealed temporal scleral thinning, inflammation, and anterior chamber cell/flare. Cultures were positive for Fusarium species. The patient was treated with sub-Tenon amphotericin, intrascleral voriconazole, surgical debridement, Rose Bengal photodynamic therapy, systemic voriconazole and posaconazole, and topical natamycin. The infection resolved and the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/40. Fusarium sclerouveitis can occur without clear risk factors. This case highlights the importance of an aggressive, multimodal treatment approach for successful management.

Uveitis is a major cause of visual impairment. Most uveitis cases have autoimmune etiology. Pediatric autoimmune uveitis may be associated with systemic diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis or may arise as an isolated disorder. It may be accompanied by retinal vasculitis due to retinal microcirculation involvement. Nailfold capillaroscopy, a digital microscope, is a non-invasive tool for systemic microcirculation evaluation. We aimed to evaluate systemic microcirculation abnormalities in pediatric autoimmune uveitis. Twenty-five patients with pediatric autoimmune uveitis and 21 healthy children underwent detailed capillaroscopic evaluation. We assessed capillary density/mm, capillary morphology, capillary dimensions, and the presence or absence of microhemorrhages and avascular areas. The mean age of the study and control groups was 11.24 ± 3.03 and 9.9 ± 4.17 years, respectively. Most included patients had isolated uveitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (64% and 24%, respectively). The predominant uveitis subtype in the study was anterior uveitis (48%). A significant difference was found between cases and controls regarding mean capillary density (p-value = 0.0003) and the number of subjects having capillary density less than 7 (p-value = 0.002). Other capillaroscopic abnormalities did not show any significant difference between the studied groups. Mean capillary density did not correlate significantly with age, disease duration, or acute phase reactants. Children with autoimmune uveitis, whether isolated or as a part of systemic disease, may have systemic microcirculation involvement. Key Points • Idiopathic autoimmune uveitis is not always an isolated intraocular condition. • Systemic microcirculation involvement may occur in pediatric autoimmune uveitis, even in cases with isolated uveitis. • Nailfold capillaroscopy showed that capillary density in children with autoimmune uveitis is significantly reduced compared to healthy controls.

Anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis worldwide. The etiologies of anterior uveitis can be divided into infectious and non-infectious (idiopathic, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, trauma, and others). The viral pathogens most commonly associated with infectious anterior uveitis include Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella Virus. Other emerging causes of viral anterior uveitis are West Nile Virus, Human-Immunodeficiency Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Parechovirus, Dengue Virus, Chikungunya Virus, and Human Herpesvirus type 6,7, and 8. Early recognition allows prompt management and mitigates its potential ocular complications. This article provides an updated literature review of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for viral anterior uveitis.