O câncer do pulmão (português brasileiro) ou cancro do pulmão (português europeu), também conhecido como neoplasia pulmonar, é uma doença caracterizada pelo crescimento celular descontrolado em tecidos do pulmão. Se não for tratado, esse tumor pode se espalhar para fora do pulmão por um processo chamado de metástase, acometendo órgãos adjacentes e, eventualmente, se disseminando para outras partes do corpo. A maioria dos tumores que começam no pulmão são cânceres derivados das células epiteliais. Os principais tipos de câncer de pulmão são o adenocarcinoma(AC), o carcinoma de pulmão de células escamosas (CPCE), o carcinoma de pulmão de grandes células (CPGP) e o carcinoma de pulmão pequenas células (CPCP).
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
Neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular é um tumor pré-maligno ou maligno que surge na conjuntiva ou córnea. Apresenta-se como lesão elevada, opaca ou pigmentada, com potencial de progressão para carcinoma escamoso invasivo.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Nenhum gene associado encontrado
Os dados genéticos desta condição ainda estão sendo catalogados.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular
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Imiquimod Treatment for Conjunctival Melanoma In Situ or Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
There are limited effective treatment options for diffuse conjunctival melanoma in situ (MIS), diffuse conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. There is a need for a more effective treatment with less ocular adverse effects than mitomycin C for MIS and 5-fluorouracil for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). To evaluate the outcomes of compounded imiquimod 5% in ophthalmic petrolatum-based ointment for diffuse conjunctival MIS or OSSN. This was an interventional case series study at a tertiary referral center conducted from June 2024 to March 2025. Patients with a histological diagnosis of either conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, conjunctival MIS, or conjunctival melanoma with adjacent clinical primary acquired melanosis (PAM) were included in the study. Compounded imiquimod 5% ointment applied to the conjunctival surface 5 days per week for 12 weeks at a minimum (range, 12-15 weeks) along with a topical antibiotic. Histological resolution of MIS or OSSN. This case series included 5 patients (mean [SD] age, 77.4 [6] years; 4 female [80%]). At 12 weeks of treatment, there was complete clinical and histological response of CIN with moderate dysplasia, partial histological response (downgrade from squamous cell carcinoma to CIN with moderate dysplasia), and no histological recurrence of positive margins of squamous cell carcinoma excision. At 12 weeks of treatment, there was partial clinical response of diffuse MIS with mild persistence of epithelial pigmentation at the corneal limbus at the 7-o'clock position; however, there was complete histological response in the areas of initial map biopsy. At 15 weeks of treatment, there was complete clinical and histological response of PAM. Of the 5 patients, all experienced ophthalmic adverse events only affecting the ocular surface and eyelids. All ocular surface adverse events resolved within 1 to 2 weeks of drug holiday or completing treatment. Study results suggest that, although definitive safety and efficacy cannot be determined across only 5 cases, compounded imiquimod 5% ointment may be a safe and effective approach to manage diffuse conjunctival MIS or OSSN. Longer-term follow-up with larger number of cases is warranted.
Artificial Intelligence for Diagnostic Guidance in Ocular Surface Disorders.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been explored as a promising diagnostic aid for ocular surface diseases (OSDs). The spectrum of OSD ranges from highly prevalent benign conditions such as dry eye disease (DED) to rare but potentially dangerous disorders, including ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and conjunctival melanoma. This review provides an overview of current applications of AI across the major categories of ocular surface pathology and specifically highlights anterior segment imaging modalities, including slit-lamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Meibography, tear film dynamics, biochemical profiling, and other DED-related measures are also examined. Across these domains, reported AI model performance matches or exceeds that of ophthalmologists, offering consistent, reproducible, and accurate approaches for guiding diagnosis. However, studies with limited external or prospective validation, variable labeling strategies, and small, device-specific datasets predominate in the current literature, thereby limiting generalizability. Large multicenter datasets, standardized diagnostic frameworks, multimodal integration, and prospective trials that assess human-AI cooperation in practical settings should be an emphasis in future research. By filling these gaps, AI systems could advance from experimental tools to clinically reliable applications that improve access and diagnostic accuracy in the care of ocular surface disease and tumors.
Immunohistochemistry analysis of P16INK4a in pre-invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia tissue samples infected and not infected by human papilloma virus at an academic laboratory in Northern Tshwane.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) encompasses a wide range of benign and malignant tumours that arise from the conjunctiva and cornea. Tumour progression involves various genetic and epigenetic changes affecting oncogenes. The tumour suppressor gene P16INK4a serves as a key biomarker for high-risk humanpailloma virus (HR-HPV) infection in squamous neoplasms. This study assessed the prognostic significance of P16INK4a in pre-invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia tissue samples. This retrospective study analysed 58 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of OSSN with known HPV results for the expression of P16INK4a immunohistochemistry marker at an academic laboratory in Tshwane. Data was analysed using STATA v16.1 software, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the study findings. The study analysed OSSN samples of 35 females (60.34%) and 23 males (39.66%), with a mean age of 41.8 years. The overall prevalence of P16INK4a among the study samples was 22.4% (13/58). In HPV-positive samples, the prevalence of P16INK4a was 76.9% (10/13). The P16INK4a was detected in both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPV positive conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III cases. There was a statistically significant association between P16INK4a and HPV genotypes, with p-values of 0.033 and 0.045 for both linear array (LA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques, respectively. A lower prevalence of P16INK4a was observed in HPV-negative OSSN samples and a fair prevalence of P16INK4a was noted in HPV-positive OSSN samples with combined HPV detection techniques. The relationship between P16INK4a with prognosis and HPV infection in OSSN remains inconclusive.
Deep learning-based diagnostic model for ocular surface neoplastic diseases.
To develop a deep learning (DL) model for diagnosing ocular surface tumors and evaluating its diagnostic performance. Development of a deep learning diagnosis algorithm. A total of 1,491 ocular surface images representing seven diseases-nevus (28 eyes), limbal dermoid (144), MALT lymphoma (20), ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN; 138), melanoma (14), pinguecula (29), and pterygium (1,118)-were captured using slit-lamp microscopy. A YOLOv5-based DL model was trained using five-fold cross-validation. Diagnostic performance was compared using 299 external validation images assessed by eight corneal specialists, seven board-certified ophthalmologists, and eight residents. The model achieved a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.0%, outperforming the corneal specialists (95.0 ± 2.1%), board-certified ophthalmologists (82.6 ± 11.9%), and residents (81.9 ± 10.7%). Disease-specific PPVs were: nevus 75.0%, limbal dermoid 93.5%, MALT lymphoma 57.9%, OSSN 87.0%, melanoma 38.5%, pinguecula 82.1%, and pterygium 96.7%. The area under the curve (AUC) was: nevus 0.897 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.810 - 0.983), limbal dermoid 0.998 (95%CI, 0.996 -1.000), MALT lymphoma 0.894 (95%CI, 0.794 - 0.993), OSSN 0.954 (95%CI, 0.933 - 0.975), melanoma 0.966 (95%CI, 0.919 - 1.000), pinguecula 0.954 (95%CI, 0.912 - 0.995), and pterygium 0.984 (95%CI, 0.976 - 0.992). Sensitivities were: nevus 0.643, limbal dermoid 0.993, MALT lymphoma 0.550, OSSN 0.681, melanoma 0.357, pinguecula 0.793, and pterygium 0.991. Specificities were: nevus 0.996, limbal dermoid 0.993, MALT lymphoma 0.995, OSSN 0.990, melanoma 0.995, pinguecula 0.997, and pterygium 0.898. The deep learning model demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for common ocular surface tumors such as pterygium and limbal dermoid, while diagnostic performance for rare malignancies, including melanoma and MALT lymphoma, remains limited and requires further refinement. We developed a deep learning model that demonstrated promising performance in identifying ocular surface neoplastic diseases, suggesting its potential as a supportive diagnostic tool in ophthalmic practice.
Imaging of Ocular Surface Lesions Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.
Ocular surface lesions encompass a wide spectrum of entities ranging from benign degenerative lesions to non-invasive and invasive malignant tumours. Accurate clinical differentiation is essential to ensure timely management. In this manuscript, we describe a series of benign and malignant ocular surface lesions and their clinical and specific imaging findings on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), highlighting the diagnostic utility of this non-invasive imaging modality. We characterise ocular surface squamous neoplasia, pterygia, Salzmann's nodular degeneration, conjunctival melanoma, primary acquired melanosis, conjunctival nevus, conjunctival lymphoma, benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and conjunctival amyloidosis. This series underscores the growing role of AS-OCT in supporting clinical assessment, guiding biopsy decisions and monitoring response to therapy in patients with ocular surface lesions. Its integration into routine practice offers a valuable, non-invasive supplement to slit-lamp biomicroscopy and histopathology.
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Seminars in ophthalmologyImpact of Equine Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia on Interactions between Ocular Transcriptome and Microbiome.
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Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia[Severe Conjunctival and Corneal Epithelial Dysplasia: A Case Series].
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CorneaPunctal and Canalicular Stenosis Following Topical 1% 5-Fluorouracil Eye Drop Therapy for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
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International journal of surgery case reportsOcular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Changes in the Standard of Care 2003 to 2022.
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CorneaHigh-risk human papillomavirus-associated corneal/conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia in a young patient.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsPeriocular and ocular surface nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Clinics in dermatologyToluidine blue 1% eye drop versus optical coherence tomography for margin delimitation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
European journal of ophthalmologyAnterior segment optical coherence tomography features of ocular surface squamous epithelial hyperplasia: A report of four cases.
Oman journal of ophthalmologyNeoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Case of Nonresectable Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Palpebral Conjunctiva.
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgerySafety and efficacy of topical interferon alpha 2B and mitomycin C for localized conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia: long-term report of their pharmacological safety and efficacy.
BMC ophthalmologyPromotor methylation in ocular surface squamous neoplasia development: epigenetics implications in molecular diagnosis.
Expert review of molecular diagnosticsYes-associated protein-1 overexpression in ocular surface squamous neoplasia; a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Frontiers in oncologyAsymptomatic chronic red eye: A surgical technique case report.
International journal of surgery case reportsInvasive Acantholytic Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A Rare Case.
CureusDemographics, clinical presentation and risk factors of ocular surface squamous neoplasia at a tertiary hospital, South Africa.
Eye (London, England)Prevalence of co-existent neoplasia in clinically diagnosed pterygia in a UK population.
Eye (London, England)Intraocular Spread of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Presenting as a Postoperative Anterior Chamber Opacity after Excisional Biopsy.
Case reports in ophthalmologyCorneal squamous neoplasia: masquerades and management outcomes at a rural eyecare centre.
BMJ case reportsLocal ocular safety of the subconjunctival injection of cetuximab in rabbits.
BMC ophthalmologyHow Can We Diagnose Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia With Optical Coherence Tomography?
CureusAmelanotic Melanoma Masquerading as Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
OphthalmologyPigmented Inflamed Seborrheic Keratosis of the Bulbar Conjunctiva.
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgerySquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva in a Patient With Previous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip.
CureusMedical treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Eye (London, England)Acute Fibrinous Anterior Uveitis in a Patient Treated With Topical Interferon-α2b for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia With Uveitis Susceptibility.
CorneaCurrent Practice in the Treatment of Epithelial and Melanocytic Tumours with Interferon-α2b: A Survey of Tertiary Eye Centres in Germany.
Klinische Monatsblatter fur AugenheilkundeThe Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN).
International journal of molecular sciencesIncidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in pterygium specimens.
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologieCorneal Molluscum Contagiosum Masquerading as Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
OphthalmologyLong term study of topical interferon α-2b eye drops as primary treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
The ocular surfaceTreatment of ocular-involving monkeypox virus with topical trifluridine and oral tecovirimat in the 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsPrimary Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva.
CureusOcular surface squamous neoplasia in a patient following oral steroids for contralateral necrotising scleritis.
BMJ case reportsAnterior segment optical coherence tomography in ocular surface tumours and simulating lesions.
Eye (London, England)Topical 1% 5-fluorouracil eye drops as primary treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Long-term follow-up study.
The ocular surfaceBrachytherapy as a curative option for ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
International ophthalmologyAnterior segment optical coherence tomography characteristics of conjunctival papilloma as compared to papilliform ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Eye (London, England)Novel ocular immunotherapy induces tumor regression in an equine model of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CIIEfficacy and safety of topical 5-fluorouracil in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia refractory to interferon alpha-2b.
Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy PractitionersPegylated Interferon Alpha 2a for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
CorneaSupportive treatment to chemotherapy with MMC, in patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia or conjunctival melanocytic tumor.
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncologyTherapy Failure and Resistance Mechanism in Eyelid and Ocular Surface Tumors.
Neuro-SignalsOcular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A 12-Month Prospective Evaluation of Incidence in Waikato, New Zealand.
Vision (Basel, Switzerland)Topical pharmacotherapy for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scientific reportsOcular surface squamous neoplasia with 360° limbal involvement: a study of 130 patients.
International ophthalmologyMidterm results of conjunctival reconstruction with buccal mucosa and amniotic membrane after resecting ocular surface squamous neoplasia of the fornix.
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologieIodine-125 plaque brachytherapy for aggressive squamous cell carcinoma with corneal and scleral invasion.
Oman journal of ophthalmologyBulbar conjunctival rhinosporidiosis mimicking ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Indian journal of pathology & microbiologyConjunctival myxoma masquerading as conjunctival lymphoma: A case report.
International journal of surgery case reportsClinicopathological profile, management and clinical outcomes in recurrent cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia at a tertiary care centre.
International ophthalmologyClinicopathological characteristics of ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a 10-year review form a referral tertiary centre in Nigeria.
International ophthalmologyOVOL1 immunohistochemical expression is a useful tool to diagnose invasion in ocular surface squamous neoplasms.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de OftalmologiaMolluscum Contagiosum Masquerading as Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
OphthalmologyTopical Chemotherapy for Treating Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with a Combination of Interferon α-2b and 5-Fluorouracil.
Ophthalmology and therapyManagement of coexisting bilateral ocular surface disease in xeroderma pigmentosum - sequence and outcomes.
European journal of ophthalmologyMetastatic conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a study of 5 patients.
International ophthalmologyEpstein-Barr Virus, But Not Human Papillomavirus, Is Associated With Preinvasive and Invasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasias in Zambian Patients.
Frontiers in oncologyClinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Comparison Between Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia and Squamous Metaplasia.
CorneaAssociation of high-risk human papillomavirus with ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a case-control study in Mexico.
Salud publica de MexicoMasquerade syndrome in ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologiaPegylated interferon-alpha-2a for the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
Oman journal of ophthalmologyOptical coherence tomography angiography in the evaluation of vascular patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia during topical medical treatment.
The ocular surfacePterygium and Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Optical Biopsy Using a Novel Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging Technique.
CancersAmniotic Membrane Grafting for Ocular Surface Inflammation Following Topical Interferon Alpha 2b Therapy.
Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine ResearchOcular surface squamous neoplasia in Northern Thailand: a 16-year review.
BMC ophthalmologyThe use of high resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) in the diagnosis of ocular surface masqueraders.
The ocular surfaceImmunohistochemical and mutational status of telomerase reverse transcriptase in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
Indian journal of ophthalmologySpontaneous rupture of ocular surface squamous neoplasia-a case report.
International journal of ophthalmologyOccurrence of Occult Neoplasia in Pterygium Specimens Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Patients.
Current eye researchTreatment challenges associated with a superiorly located bulbar conjunctival mass-case report and review of the literature.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsA case of sight threatening complications from topical 1% 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsOcular surface squamous neoplasia with orbital tumour extension: risk factors and outcomes.
Eye (London, England)Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in India: a study of 438 patients.
International ophthalmologyHistopathological spectrum of ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A retrospective study of 776 lesions.
Indian journal of pathology & microbiologyVisualizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
OphthalmologyAssociações
Organizações que acompanham esta doença — pra ter apoio e orientação
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Comunidades
Grupos ativos de quem convive com esta doença aqui no Raras
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- Imiquimod Treatment for Conjunctival Melanoma In Situ or Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.
- Artificial Intelligence for Diagnostic Guidance in Ocular Surface Disorders.
- Immunohistochemistry analysis of P16INK4a in pre-invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia tissue samples infected and not infected by human papilloma virus at an academic laboratory in Northern Tshwane.
- Deep learning-based diagnostic model for ocular surface neoplastic diseases.
- Imaging of Ocular Surface Lesions Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.
- Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Malaysia: A 5-year review.
- Pigmented versus nonpigmented ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A comparative study of 424 tumors.
- Artificial Intelligence in Ocular Surface Tumors: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.
- Lung metastasis with primary conjunctival mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
- Case Report: Atypical ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma.
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:659744(Orphanet)
- MONDO:0971056(MONDO)
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Artigo Wikipedia(Wikipedia)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
