Reversibly inhibits the activity of ATP2A2/SERCA2 in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by decreasing the apparent affinity of the ATPase for Ca(2+) (PubMed:28890335). Binds preferentially to the ATP-bound E1 conformational form of ATP2A2 which predominates at low Ca(2+) concentrations during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle (By similarity). Inhibits ATP2A2 Ca(2+) affinity by disrupting its allosteric activation by ATP (By similarity). Modulates the contractility of the heart muscle in respo

Endoplasmic reticulum membraneSarcoplasmic reticulum membraneMitochondrion membraneMembrane

Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1P

A disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death.

May function as an adapter in striated muscle to couple protein kinase C-mediated signaling via its LIM domains to the cytoskeleton

Cytoplasm, perinuclear regionCell projection, pseudopodiumCytoplasm, cytoskeletonCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line

Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1C, with or without left ventricular non-compaction

A disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death. Cardiomyopathy dilated type 1C is associated with left ventricular non-compaction in some patients. Left ventricular non-compaction is characterized by numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses in hypertrophied and hypokinetic segments of the left ventricle.

Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) cytosolic levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required fo

Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 1, with or without atrial dysfunction and/or dilated cardiomyopathy

An arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by stress-induced, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia that may degenerate into cardiac arrest and cause sudden death. Patients present with recurrent syncope, seizures, or sudden death after physical activity or emotional stress. CPVT1 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. Plays a role in cell-to-

Cell membraneCell membrane, sarcolemmaCell junctionCell surfaceCell junction, desmosomeCell junction, adherens junctionCell projection, axon

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 14

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion (PubMed:17559062, PubMed:38395410). Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. Required for proliferation and viability of embryonic stem cells in the blastocyst, thereby crucial for progression of post-implantation embryonic development (By similarity). Maintains pluripotency by regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition/m

Cell membraneCell junction, desmosomeCytoplasm

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 10

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

May be involved in formation of stretch-resistant cell-cell adhesion complexes

Cytoplasm, cytoskeletonCell junction, desmosome

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 13

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that assemble into a filamentous meshwork, and which constitute the major components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane (PubMed:10080180, PubMed:10580070, PubMed:10587585, PubMed:10814726, PubMed:11799477, PubMed:12075506, PubMed:12927431, PubMed:15317753, PubMed:18551513, PubMed:18611980, PubMed:2188730, PubMed:22431096, PubMed:2344612, PubMed:23666920, PubMed:24741066, PubMed:31434876, PubMed:

Nucleus laminaNucleus envelopeNucleus, nucleoplasmNucleus matrixNucleus speckle

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant

A form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, a degenerative myopathy characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, early contractures of the elbows, Achilles tendons and spine, and cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac conduction defects.

A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion (PubMed:33596089). Promotes timely incorporation of DSG2 into desmosome intercellular junctions and promotes interaction of desmosome cell junctions with intermediate filament cytokeratin, via modulation of DSP phosphorylation (PubMed:33596089). Plays an important role in desmosome-mediated maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell intercellular adhesion strength and barrier function (Pub

Cell membraneCell junction, desmosome

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 11

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

May have an important role in maintaining nuclear envelope structure by organizing protein complexes at the inner nuclear membrane. Required for retaining emerin at the inner nuclear membrane (By similarity). Plays a role in the modulation of innate immune signaling through the cGAS-STING pathway by interacting with RNF26 (PubMed:32614325). In addition, functions as a critical signaling component in mediating NF-kappa-B activation by acting downstream of EGFR and upstream of CARD10 (PubMed:27991

Endoplasmic reticulum membraneNucleus inner membraneCell membrane

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 5

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix (By similarity). Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-3 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', su

Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrixSecreted

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 1

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion (PubMed:25733715). Critical for cell-cell adhesion in early stage blastocysts and progression through proamniotic cavity formation (By similarity). Not required for preimplantation morphogenic process in blastocysts (By similarity). Required for keratin filament anchoring at the desmosome junction and subsequent organization of the keratin intermediate filament network within the cytoplas

Cell projection, axonCell junction, desmosomeCell membraneCytoplasmNucleus

Keratoderma, palmoplantar, striate 2

A dermatological disorder characterized by thickening of the skin on the palms (linear pattern) and the soles (island-like pattern) and flexor aspect of the fingers. Abnormalities of the nails, the teeth and the hair are rarely present.

Key component in the assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. By providing connections at the level of individual microfilaments, it contributes to the fine balance of forces between the two halves of the sarcomere. The size and extensibility of the cross-links are the main determinants of sarcomere extensibility properties of muscle. In non-muscle cells, seems to play a role in chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Might link the lamina network to ch

CytoplasmNucleus

Myopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure

An autosomal dominant myopathy characterized by adulthood onset of weakness in proximal, distal, axial and respiratory muscles. Pelvic girdle weakness, foot drop and neck weakness are the main symptoms at onset, but ultimately the weakness usually involves the proximal compartment of both upper and lower limbs. Additional features include variable degrees of Achilles tendon contractures, spinal rigidity and muscle hypertrophy. Respiratory involvement often leads to requirement for non-invasive ventilation support.

Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE-cadherin function in end

Cell junction, adherens junctionCell junction, desmosomeCytoplasm, cytoskeletonCell membraneCytoplasmCell junctionNucleusCell projection, axon

Naxos disease

An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the association of diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiac abnormalities such as dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion (PubMed:25208567). Regulates focal adhesion turnover resulting in changes in focal adhesion size, cell adhesion and cell spreading, potentially via transcriptional modulation of beta-integrins (PubMed:23884246). Required to maintain gingival epithelial barrier function (PubMed:34368962). Important component of the desmosome that is also required for localization of desmosome component pro

NucleusCell junction, desmosomeCell junctionCytoplasm

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 9

A congenital heart disease characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the right ventricle and loss of myocardial cells, resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.