Uma variação rara de glioblastoma (um tipo agressivo de tumor cerebral, de grau 4 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde – OMS), que se caracteriza por apresentar um padrão de tecido com duas "partes" diferentes: áreas que se alternam com características de células gliais e de células mesenquimais (segundo a OMS).
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
Uma variação rara de glioblastoma (um tipo agressivo de tumor cerebral, de grau 4 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde – OMS), que se caracteriza por apresentar um padrão de tecido com duas "partes" diferentes: áreas que se alternam com características de células gliais e de células mesenquimais (segundo a OMS).
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Genes associados
12 genes identificados com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Not applicable.
Involved in transcription regulation induced by nuclear receptors, including in T3 thyroid hormone and all-trans retinoic acid pathways (PubMed:20078863). Might promote the nuclear localization of the receptors (PubMed:20078863). Likely involved in the processes that promote cell division prior to the formation of differentiated tissues
CytoplasmNucleusCytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosomeMidbodyMembrane
Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates ubiquitination of Ras (K-Ras/KRAS, N-Ras/NRAS and H-Ras/HRAS) (PubMed:30442762, PubMed:30442766, PubMed:30481304). Is a negative regulator of RAS-MAPK signaling that acts by controlling Ras levels and decreasing Ras association with membranes (PubMed:30442762, PubMed:30442766, PubMed:30481304)
Endomembrane systemRecycling endosomeGolgi apparatus
Glioma
Gliomas are benign or malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells. They comprise astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme that are derived from astrocytes, oligodendrogliomas derived from oligodendrocytes and ependymomas derived from ependymocytes.
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Plays an essential role in the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Regulates both osteogenesis and postnatal bone mineralization by osteoblasts. Promotes apoptosis in chondrocytes, but can also promote cancer cell proliferat
Cell membraneCytoplasmic vesicleEndoplasmic reticulumSecreted
Achondroplasia
A frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. It is characterized by a long, narrow trunk, short extremities, particularly in the proximal (rhizomelic) segments, a large head with frontal bossing, hypoplasia of the midface and a trident configuration of the hands. ACH is an autosomal dominant disease.
Multifunctional transcription factor that induces cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis upon binding to its target DNA sequence (PubMed:11025664, PubMed:12524540, PubMed:12810724, PubMed:15186775, PubMed:15340061, PubMed:17317671, PubMed:17349958, PubMed:19556538, PubMed:20673990, PubMed:20959462, PubMed:22726440, PubMed:24051492, PubMed:24652652, PubMed:35618207, PubMed:36634798, PubMed:38653238, PubMed:9840937). Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apop
CytoplasmNucleusNucleus, PML bodyEndoplasmic reticulumMitochondrion matrixCytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome
Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated
Nucleus
Ligand-activated transcription factor that forms obligate heterodimers with the retinoic acid receptor and acts as a key regulator of biological processes, such as adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids (PubMed:16150867, PubMed:20829347, PubMed:23525231, PubMed:8702406, PubMed:8706692, PubMed:9065481). Activated by lipid ligands: binds peroxisome proliferators, such as hypolipidemic drugs, and fatty acids, such as prostaglandin J2 metab
NucleusCytoplasm
Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL (RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50) dimers in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals (PubMed:1493333, PubMed:36651806, PubMed:7479976). On cellular stimulation by immune and pro-inflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription (PubMed:7479976, PubMed:7628694, PubMed:7796813, PubMed:7878466)
CytoplasmNucleus
Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 2
A form of ectoderma dysplasia, a heterogeneous group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures. This form of ectodermal dysplasia is associated with decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and certain interferons, rendering patients susceptible to infection. EDAID2 inheritance is autosomal dominant.
Catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate (D-threo-isocitrate) to 2-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate), which is required by other enzymes such as the phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase (PubMed:10521434, PubMed:19935646). Plays a critical role in the generation of NADPH, an important cofactor in many biosynthesis pathways (PubMed:10521434). May act as a corneal epithelial crystallin and may be involved in maintaining corneal epithelial transparency (By similarity)
Cytoplasm, cytosolPeroxisome
Glioma
Gliomas are benign or malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells. They comprise astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme that are derived from astrocytes, oligodendrogliomas derived from oligodendrocytes and ependymomas derived from ependymocytes.
Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses (PubMed:10805725, PubMed:27153536, PubMed:2790960, PubMed:35538033). Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF (PubMed:12297049, PubMed:15611079, PubMed:17909029, PubMed:20837704, PubMed:27153536, PubMed:2790960, PubMed:7679104, PubMed:8144591, PubM
Cell membraneEndoplasmic reticulum membraneGolgi apparatus membraneNucleus membraneEndosomeEndosome membraneNucleusSecreted
Lung cancer
A common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.
Plays a role in the microtubule-dependent coupling of the nucleus and the centrosome. Involved in the processes that regulate centrosome-mediated interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) of neural progenitors (By similarity). Acts as a component of the TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter-microtubule bridge. The TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension (P
CytoplasmCytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosomeCytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindleCytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole
Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (Probable). Involved in the migration of cortical neurons and the formation of neuron leading processes during embryonic development (By similarity). Plays a role in sperm head formation during spermiogenesis, potentially via facilitating localization of ACTN4 to cell filaments (PubMed:33228246)
CytoplasmCytoplasm, cytoskeletonCell projection, axonCell projection, dendritePerikaryonCytoplasm, perinuclear regionCytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Required for normal mesoderm patterning and correct axial organization during embryonic development, normal skeletogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2, GAB1 and SHB. Ligand binding leads to the activati
Cell membraneNucleusCytoplasm, cytosolCytoplasmic vesicle
Pfeiffer syndrome
A syndrome characterized by the association of craniosynostosis, broad and deviated thumbs and big toes, and partial syndactyly of the fingers and toes. Three subtypes are known: mild autosomal dominant form (type 1); cloverleaf skull, elbow ankylosis, early death, sporadic (type 2); craniosynostosis, early demise, sporadic (type 3).
Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)
628 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.
Vias biológicas (Reactome)
117 vias biológicas associadas aos genes desta condição.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Gliossarcoma
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Publicações mais relevantes
Clinical and molecular features of primary gliosarcoma with digital spatial whole-transcriptome analysis of glial and mesenchymal components.
Gliosarcoma is a rare subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma defined by mixed malignant glial and high-grade sarcomatous histological elements. Gliosarcoma is clinically managed similarly to glioblastoma and has a poor outcome. The sarcoma-like regions of gliosarcoma are thought to represent extreme mesenchymal metaplasia of neoplastic glial cells. Factors contributing to this phenomenon are not completely understood. Here we report a single-institution series of 37 gliosarcomas including next-generation sequencing data on 25 cases and digital spatial whole-transcriptome analysis on four cases to characterize differential gene expression between glial and mesenchymal components. Gliosarcoma demographic and genetic features were compared to a cohort of 75 primary adult hemispheric IDH-wildtype non-sarcomatous glioblastomas. Patient age, tumor location, sex, and overall survival in gliosarcoma were similar to glioblastoma. Gliosarcomas showed a significantly lower rate of EGFR amplification and a higher rate of NF1 mutation compared to glioblastomas in next-generation sequencing analysis. Digital spatial whole-transcriptome analysis showed a distinct transcriptomic profile in sarcomatous regions with over-expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix development and remodeling. Selected differentially expressed transcripts were examined further by immunohistochemistry. The glial elements of gliosarcomas showed higher immunoreactivity for Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) than glioblastomas, and low to absent immunoreactivity within the sarcomatous elements. Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 (LEF1) immunoreactivity was identified within sarcomatous regions of gliosarcoma without detectable nuclear β-catenin, suggesting a role for β-catenin independent wingless (WNT) effector signaling in sarcomatous transformation. This study adds to the growing literature demonstrating differences in the genetic underpinning of gliosarcoma and glioblastoma, establishes feasibility of spatial transcriptomic approaches in gliosarcoma, and builds on digital spatial profiling-based results as a discovery platform to identify pathways and immunohistochemical markers for further study.
Gliosarcoma: A Reappraisal of Neuroradiological, Surgical, Morphological, and Radiotherapeutic Characteristics of a Cohort From South Italy Single-Center.
Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare and aggressive variant of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), characterized by a biphasic histopathological pattern featuring both glial and mesenchymal components. Accounting for 2% of all GBM cases, this brain tumor is known for its poor prognosis, rapid progression, and resistance to conventional treatments. Despite advances in molecular profiling and multimodal treatment strategies, GS remains a therapeutic challenge due to their highly invasive nature and limited response to standard regimens. The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuroradiological, surgical, clinicopathological, and radiotherapeutic profiles of a cohort of patients affected by GS, including two recurrences of disease.
Molecular analysis of a gliosarcoma with distinct oligodendroglioma and sarcomatous components ("Oligosarcoma").
Gliosarcoma of the right cerebellar hemisphere and parahippocampal region: A case report and literature review.
Intracranial gliosarcoma (GSM) is a rare and aggressive variant of glioblastoma, characterized by a dismal prognosis and high rates of early recurrence and metastasis. Preoperative differentiation from other neoplasms based on imaging features remains a significant clinical challenge. The current study reports the case of a 55-year-old female who presented with a headache as the primary clinical symptom. The patient underwent brain MRI due to progressively worsening symptoms of diplopia, intermittent dull headaches localized to the right occipital region and an unsteady gait. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, lobulated mass in the right cerebellar hemisphere extending into the parahippocampal region. The diagnosis of WHO Grade IV GSM was confirmed by postoperative histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, which revealed a biphasic pattern with glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive glial and smooth muscle actin/vimentin-positive sarcomatous components, alongside a high Ki-67 proliferation index of 30%. The patient underwent a subtotal resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite this multimodal treatment, follow-up imaging demonstrated tumor recurrence at 2 months, with significant further progression and brain herniation observed at the 12-month follow-up. The present case underscores the diagnostic challenges and aggressive clinical course of GSM, particularly when located in the cerebellum. The rapid recurrence despite combined-modality therapy highlights the need for improved diagnostic strategies and more effective treatment protocols for this formidable disease.
Gelatin hydrogel cross-linked with glutaraldehyde loaded with methylene blue for photodynamic action in gliosarcoma strain 9 L/lacZ.
Since the prognosis and treatment of nervous system tumors are still not beneficial to the patient, alternative therapies need to be investigated as primary or supplemental treatments to current methods. Hydrogel systems are well-known for their high-water absorption capacity, three-dimensional network composition, and biocompatibility, making them suitable as photosensitizers (PS) carriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A gelatin hydrogel system was synthesized via chemical cross-linking with varying glutaraldehyde concentrations, and the optimal hydrogel was encapsulated with methylene blue (MB). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that the formulation formed three-dimensional networks. The freeze-drying procedure increases the hydrogel's water-retention capacity, as shown by the swelling test. All spectroscopic results showed excellent photophysical properties of MB when incorporated into the system. The encapsulation efficiency was 95.35%. According to the trypan blue exclusion test, the cell viability in the PDT-treated groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Approximately 95% of 9 L/lacZ cells died after PDT utilizing a concentration of 50 μmol.mL-1 for the hydrogel with MB. Based on the data obtained, the system's viability has been confirmed, and it is expected to demonstrate potential in the treatment of neoplasms.
Publicações recentes
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Clinical and molecular features of primary gliosarcoma with digital spatial whole-transcriptome analysis of glial and mesenchymal components.
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Frontiers in oncologyGenetic alteration and clonal evolution of primary glioblastoma into secondary gliosarcoma.
CNS neuroscience & therapeuticsEfficacy and safety of nivolumab in Japanese patients with first recurrence of glioblastoma: an open-label, non-comparative study.
International journal of clinical oncologyZinc pthalocyanine loaded poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles by double emulsion methodology for photodynamic therapy against 9 L/LacZ gliosarcoma cells.
Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer editionGenomic landscape of gliosarcoma: distinguishing features and targetable alterations.
Scientific reportsMachine Learning-Based Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Radiomics for the Classification of Gliosarcoma and Glioblastoma.
Frontiers in oncologyLabel-free detection of brain tumors in a 9L gliosarcoma rat model using stimulated Raman scattering-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography.
Journal of biomedical opticsMultidisciplinary Team Effort Results in Better Outcomes in Critically Ill Obstetric Patients Admitted in ICU.
Mymensingh medical journal : MMJCaptopril inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and extends survival as a temozolomide adjuvant in an intracranial gliosarcoma model.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgeryGliosarcoma with PNET features mimicking a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: A diagnostic dilemma.
Clinical neuropathologyRaman imaging and statistical methods for analysis various type of human brain tumors and breast cancers.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopyGliosarcoma vs. glioblastoma: a retrospective case series using molecular profiling.
BMC neurologySynthesis, Radiolabeling, and Biological Evaluation of the trans-Stereoisomers of 1-Amino-3-(fluoro-18F)-4-fluorocyclopentane-1-carboxylic Acid as PET Imaging Agents.
ACS pharmacology & translational scienceA case series of extraneural metastatic glioblastoma at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Neuro-oncology practiceOptic pathway gliosarcoma: A very rare location for a rare disease.
Radiology case reportsCo-Occurrence Conundrum: Brain Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma, Radiation Necrosis, and Gliosarcoma.
Case reports in oncologyDo gliosarcomas have distinct imaging features on routine MRI?
The neuroradiology journalFirst extensive study of silver-doped lanthanum manganite nanoparticles for inducing selective chemotherapy and radio-toxicity enhancement.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applicationsSecondary gliosarcoma: the clinicopathological features and the development of a patient-derived xenograft model of gliosarcoma.
BMC cancerAnalysis of the effects of Photodynamic therapy with Photodithazine on the treatment of 9l/lacZ cells, in vitro study.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapyGliosarcoma in patients under 20 years of age. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases and detailed review of the literature.
BMC pediatricsHypermutated phenotype in gliosarcoma of the spinal cord.
NPJ precision oncologyPrimary and secondary gliosarcoma: differences in treatment and outcome.
British journal of neurosurgeryRecurrent metastatic lung gliosarcoma diagnosed by EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy.
Endoscopic ultrasoundIDH1-mutant primary intraventricular gliosarcoma: Case report and systematic review of a rare location and molecular profile.
Surgical neurology internationalGliosarcoma with Adenoid and Chondrosarcomatous Differentiation: A Case Report.
Iranian journal of pathologyInsular glioblastoma: surgical challenges, survival outcomes and prognostic factors.
British journal of neurosurgeryAn audit of brain tumor patients treated in 5 years at a single institute: Our regional cancer center experience.
Journal of cancer research and therapeuticsMultiple pathological components in gliosarcoma.
Journal of biomedical researchPediatric Gliosarcoma With and Without Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Whole-exome Comparison of 2 Patients.
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncologyDemographic, radiographic, molecular and clinical characteristics of primary gliosarcoma and differences to glioblastoma.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgeryTreatments of gliosarcoma of the brain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acta neurologica BelgicaCell-free DNA and circulating TERT promoter mutation for disease monitoring in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma.
Acta neuropathologica communicationsSurgery in High-Grade Insular Tumors: Oncological and Seizure Outcomes from 41 Consecutive Patients.
Asian journal of neurosurgeryInnovative high-resolution microCT imaging of animal brain vasculature.
Brain structure & functionBumpy head, unusual gliosarcoma metastasis.
Surgical neurology internationalA practical method for multimodal registration and assessment of whole-brain disease burden using PET, MRI, and optical imaging.
Scientific reportsSynthesis, Radiolabeling, and Biological Evaluation of the cis Stereoisomers of 1-Amino-3-Fluoro-4-(fluoro-18F)Cyclopentane-1-Carboxylic Acid as PET Imaging Agents.
Journal of medicinal chemistryCharacterization and Histological Examination of a Rare Giant Cell Glioblastoma.
CureusComparative epidemiology of gliosarcoma and glioblastoma and the impact of Race on overall survival: A systematic literature review.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgeryDural-based atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor in an adult: DNA methylation profiling as a tool for the diagnosis.
CNS oncologyRetrobulbar chlorpromazine injection in a child with gliosarcoma invasion into the orbits.
BMJ case reportsPrimary pediatric cerebellar gliosarcoma.
Surgical neurology internationalToward personalized synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy.
Scientific reportsNeuroinflammation After Stereotactic Radiosurgery-Induced Brain Tumor Disintegration Is Linked to Persistent Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Metastatic Disease.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics99mTc-CXCR4-L for Imaging of the Chemokine-4 Receptor Associated with Brain Tumor Invasiveness: Biokinetics, Radiation Dosimetry, and Proof of Concept in Humans.
Contrast media & molecular imagingSpinal metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme before gliosarcomatous transformation: a case report.
BMC neurologyPrimary Gliosarcoma with Extracranial Metastasis.
Brain tumor research and treatmentUpdate on Circumscribed Gliomas and Glioneuronal Tumors.
Surgical pathology clinicsGliosarcoma case report and review of the literature.
The Pan African medical journalAngiosarcomatous component in gliosarcoma: case report and consideration of diagnostic challenge and hemorrhagic propensity.
Journal of biomedical researchEvaluating Surgical Resection Extent and Adjuvant Therapy in the Management of Gliosarcoma.
Frontiers in oncologyThe clinical, radiological, and immunohistochemical characteristics and outcomes of primary intracranial gliosarcoma: a retrospective single-centre study.
Neurosurgical reviewNRG/RTOG 1122: A phase 2, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of bevacizumab with and without trebananib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma or gliosarcoma.
CancerAnalysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy with Fotoenticine on gliosarcoma cells.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapyGliosarcomas: magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatriaGenetic and histologic spatiotemporal evolution of recurrent, multifocal, multicentric and metastatic glioblastoma.
Acta neuropathologica communicationsClinical Characteristics of Gliosarcoma and Outcomes From Standardized Treatment Relative to Conventional Glioblastoma.
Frontiers in oncologyA rare case of BRAF V600E-mutated epithelioid glioblastoma with a sarcomatous component.
Pathology internationalMolecular and clonal evolution in recurrent metastatic gliosarcoma.
Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studiesA simple approximation for the evaluation of the photon iso-effective dose in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy based on dose-independent weighting factors.
Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicinePrognostic factors and clinical outcomes in adult primary gliosarcoma patients: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis from 2004 to 2015.
British journal of neurosurgeryMulti-layered core-sheath fiber membranes for controlled drug release in the local treatment of brain tumor.
Scientific reportsThe Coexistence of Gliosarcoma and Arteriovenous Malformation with the BRAF V600E Mutation.
World neurosurgeryCerebral gliosarcoma with perivascular involvement in a cat.
JFMS open reportsIdentification of Distant Metastases From Recurrent Gliosarcoma Using Whole-Body 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Clinical nuclear medicineMultiple Extracranial Metastases from Primary Gliosarcoma in a Patient with Two Previous Different Primary Cancers.
Case reports in oncological medicineClinical implications of multiple glioblastomas: An analysis of prognostic factors and survival to distinguish from their single counterparts.
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhiPrognostic factors among single primary gliosarcoma cases: A study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 1973-2013.
Cancer medicineDevelopment of a new fusion-enhanced oncolytic immunotherapy platform based on herpes simplex virus type 1.
Journal for immunotherapy of cancerPrimary Gliosarcoma of the Cerebellum in a Young Pregnant Woman: Management Challenges and Immunohistochemical Features.
Case reports in surgeryAssociações
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- Clinical and molecular features of primary gliosarcoma with digital spatial whole-transcriptome analysis of glial and mesenchymal components.
- Gliosarcoma: A Reappraisal of Neuroradiological, Surgical, Morphological, and Radiotherapeutic Characteristics of a Cohort From South Italy Single-Center.
- Molecular analysis of a gliosarcoma with distinct oligodendroglioma and sarcomatous components ("Oligosarcoma").
- Gliosarcoma of the right cerebellar hemisphere and parahippocampal region: A case report and literature review.
- Gelatin hydrogel cross-linked with glutaraldehyde loaded with methylene blue for photodynamic action in gliosarcoma strain 9 L/lacZ.
- Dual-ligand curcin-loaded hybrid solid lipid nanoparticles achieve durable gliosarcoma remission while preserving neuro-behavioral function.
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:251576(Orphanet)
- MONDO:0016681(MONDO)
- GARD:5653(GARD (NIH))
- Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Q609503(Wikidata)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
