Respiratory enterovirus D68: virology, clinical surveillance, host-pathogen interactions, and therapeutic prospects.

Enterovirus D68 in United States wastewater: a longitudinal surveillance study integrating climatic, demographic, and clinical data.

Rational design and in vivo validation of capsid inhibitors for enterovirus D68.

Enterovirus D68 VP1 and VP3 determine neurotropism in human spinal cord organoids.

Enterovirus D68 Sequence Variations and Pathogenicity: A Review.

West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.

Enterovirus D68 receptor usage: from static attachment to dynamic entry.

Environmental surveillance reveals enterovirus diversity in Jinan, China: detection of types D68, A71, A76, B88, A90, and C99.

Nerve transfers improve upper limb function in children with acute flaccid myelitis.

Emergence and Circulation of a Recombinant Enterovirus D68 Identified by Genomic Surveillance, The Johns Hopkins Health System, Maryland, 2025.

Strain-specific tropism and transcriptional responses of enterovirus D68 infection in human spinal cord organoids.

Human Assembloid Model of Emergent Neurotropic Enteroviruses.

Molecular characterization of non-polio enterovirus in children with acute flaccid paralysis in Iraq.

Spinal Cord Injury in Enterovirus D68 Infection: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model.

Efficacy and Safety of Plasmapheresis in Children With Acute Transverse or Flaccid Myelitis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

A case of enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis in an immunocompromised adult, Australia.

mRNA vaccine expressing enterovirus D68 virus-like particles induces potent neutralizing antibodies and protects against infection.

Diaphragm Interventions in Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series of Diaphragm Pacing Systems and Phrenic Nerve Transfers.

Enterovirus D68: A Novel Inhibitor Reveals Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Viral Entry and Uncoating.

Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) in Greece: 2008-2024.

Evolving Features of Acute Flaccid Myelitis After COVID-19: A Four-Case Series.

Evaluation of the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system performance in the Upper West Region of Ghana from 2021 to 2023: a retrospective descriptive study.

A Retrospective Analysis of Current Clinical Utilization of Long-Term Video Electroencephalogram Monitoring at a Large Pediatric Tertiary Care Center.

Evolution of neuroimaging features in children with acute flaccid myelitis compared to other forms of childhood myelitis.

Pediatric Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy and Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.

Elucidating the role of human skeletal muscles in the pathogenesis of enterovirus D68 infection.

Molecular Detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Emergence of Novel Enterovirus D111 in Stool Samples From Children Reported With Acute Flaccid Paralysis Symptoms During 2021 in Pakistan.

EV-D68 neurological disease: tipping the scales toward immunopathogenesis.

Immunoinformatic Based Designing of Immune Boosting and Nonallergenic Multi-epitope Subunit Vaccine Against the Enterovirus D68.

Sialic Acid-Containing Glycolipids Extend the Receptor Repertoire of Enterovirus-D68.

Impact of a Nurse Care Coordinator on Time to Treatment in a Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, a Retrospective Study.

West Nile Virus: A Review.

Nerve Transfers for Treatment of Upper Extremity Paralysis in Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

From acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)-Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and myelitis to progressive encephalopathy : acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) atypical presentation of rabies following dog bite.

Enhanced genomic surveillance of enteroviruses reveals a surge in enterovirus D68 cases, the Johns Hopkins health system, Maryland, 2024.

Structural insights from vaccine candidates for EV-D68.

Immune cells promote paralytic disease in mice infected with enterovirus D68.

Acute flaccid myelitis in Europe between 2016 and 2023: indicating the need for better registration.

Return of the Biennial Circulation of Enterovirus D68 in Colorado Children in 2024 Following the Large 2022 Outbreak.

Cullin 3-mediated ubiquitination restricts enterovirus D68 replication and is counteracted by viral protease 3C.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases.

Comprehensive analysis of acute flaccid paralysis with and without myelitis in Taiwanese children.

EV-D68 cleaves LARP1 and PABPC1 by 3Cpro to redirect host mRNA translation machinery toward its genomic RNA.

Sustained circulation of enterovirus D68 in Europe in 2023 and the continued evolution of enterovirus D68 B3-lineages associated with distinct amino acid substitutions in VP1 protein.

Atraumatic Disorders of the Pediatric Spinal Cord and Brachial Plexus.

[The unremitting threat: enterovirus D68, acute flaccid myelitis, and epidemiological surveillance].

MFSD6 is an entry receptor for enterovirus D68.

EV68-228-N monoclonal antibody treatment halts progression of paralysis in a mouse model of EV-D68 induced acute flaccid myelitis.

Polio-Like Illness; Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Following Dengue Fever.

Caspase-8 activation regulates enterovirus D68 infection-induced inflammatory response and cell death.

The structural protein VP3 of enterovirus D68 interacts with MAVS to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway.

NAD+ Suppresses EV-D68 Infection by Enhancing Anti-Viral Effect of SIRT1.

Acute flaccid myelitis in a pediatric patient: A case report.

Enterovirus D68 infection in cotton rats results in systemic inflammation with detectable viremia associated with extracellular vesicle and neurologic disease.

Enterovirus D68 2A protease causes nuclear pore complex dysfunction and motor neuron toxicity.

Phrenic Nerve Reconstruction in Pediatric Diaphragm Paralysis: Outcomes and Techniques.

Insights Into Enterovirus D68 Immunology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions.

Worldwide epidemiology of paediatric multiple sclerosis: data from the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS, third edition.

Enterovirus and Parechovirus Neurologic Infections in Children: Clinical Presentations and Neuropathogenesis.

Emerging Therapeutics in the Fight Against EV-D68: A Review of Current Strategies.

Mitophagosomes induced during EV-D68 infection promote viral nonlytic release.

Pediatric Patients With Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Long-term Respiratory and Neurologic Outcomes.

Childhood acute flaccid myelitis, including the first confirmed cases of enterovirus D68 myelitis, in Singapore and Southeast Asia.

Discovery of A-967079 as an Enterovirus D68 Antiviral by Targeting the Viral 2C Protein.

Enterovirus D68: Genomic and Clinical Comparison of 2 Seasons of Increased Viral Circulation and Discrepant Incidence of Acute Flaccid Myelitis-Maryland, USA.

Some assembly required: a single-RNA vaccine against enterovirus-D68.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis Caused by West Nile Virus: A Case Report and Neuroimaging Correlate.

Et tu, Brute? TFEB promotes virus replication before being cleaved by a viral protease.

Rate of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children With First-Episode Psychosis.

Long-Term Immunogenicity Study of an Aluminum Phosphate-Adjuvanted Inactivated Enterovirus A71 Vaccine in Children: An Extension to a Phase 2 Study.

Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Enables Recovery of Walking in Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

S. aureus bacteremia with acute transverse myelitis case report: Utility of molecular techniques.

Global age-stratified seroprevalence of enterovirus D68: a systematic literature review.

Enterovirus-D68 - A Reemerging Non-Polio Enterovirus that Causes Severe Respiratory and Neurological Disease in Children.

Adult Onset Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Case Report.

Analysis of Gender Discrepancies in Leadership Roles and Recognition Awards in the Child Neurology Society.

Characterization of Effect of Enterovirus D68 in 129/Sv Mice Deficient in IFN-α/β and/or IFN-γ Receptors.

Acute flaccid myelitis in low- to middle-income countries: diagnosis and surveillance.

[Clinical characteristics analysis of 4 cases with acute flaccid myelitis in children].

Quadriparesis and paraparesis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in children and adolescents.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) interaction with RagC is disrupted during enterovirus D68 infection.

VP1 is the primary determinant of neuropathogenesis in a mouse model of enterovirus D68 acute flaccid myelitis.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Mid-Term Clinical Course of Knee Extension Paralysis and Outcomes of Nerve Transfer.

Midterm Outcomes of Surgical Reconstruction and Spontaneous Recovery of Upper-Extremity Paralysis Following Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

Pharmacological activation of TLR7 exerts inhibition on the replication of EV-D68 in respiratory cells.

Effects of explainable artificial intelligence in neurology decision support.

Adult-onset Acute Flaccid Myelitis Accompanied by Rhombencephalitis Which First Presented with Prominent Psychiatric Symptoms and Dysautonomia Mimicking Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.

The diagnostic workup of children with the radiologically isolated syndrome differs by age and by sex.

Pan-Enterovirus Characterization Reveals Cryptic Circulation of Clinically Relevant Subtypes in Arizona Wastewater.

Epidemiological and Clinical Insights into the Enterovirus D68 Upsurge in Europe 2021-2022 and Emergence of Novel B3-Derived Lineages, ENPEN Multicentre Study.

Occurrence of poliovirus and non-polio enterovirus among children with acute flaccid paralysis in Cameroon from 2015 to 2020.

An inactivated whole-virion vaccine for Enterovirus D68 adjuvanted with CpG ODN or AddaVax elicits potent protective immunity in mice.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis With Human Rhinovirus A19 Detection: Case Report and Literature Review.

Multimodal Surveillance Model for Enterovirus D68 Respiratory Disease and Acute Flaccid Myelitis among Children in Colorado, USA, 2022.

A First Case of Acute Flaccid Myelitis Related to Enterovirus D68 in Belgium: Case Report.

Leptomeningeal Enhancement in Pediatric Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Surveillance for Acute Flaccid Myelitis - United States, 2018-2022.

Acute Ascending Flaccid Paralysis in a Healthy 16-year-old.

Only anti-GM4 antibody positivity in a Chinese girl with overlapping MFS/GBS: a case report.

Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Seizures, and Encephalopathy in a Pediatric Patient With Influenza A and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection.

Human B cells and dendritic cells are susceptible and permissive to enterovirus D68 infection.

Non-Polio Enteroviruses Isolated by Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance Laboratories in the Russian Federation in 1998-2021: Distinct Epidemiological Features of Types.

Modeling undetected poliovirus circulation following the 2022 outbreak in the United States.

Predicting the impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical intervention on short- and medium-term dynamics of enterovirus D68 in the US.

A novel mucosal bivalent vaccine of EV-A71/EV-D68 adjuvanted with polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum protects mice against EV-A71 and EV-D68 lethal challenge.

Identification of four neutralizing antigenic sites on the enterovirus D68 capsid.

Enterovirus D68 vRNA induces type III IFN production via MDA5.

Evaluation of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance performance before and during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea and Liberia.

Non-polio enteroviruses circulation in acute flaccid paralysis cases and sewage in Senegal from 2013 to 2021.

Nerve Transfer Surgery in Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Prognostic Factors, Long-Term Outcomes, Comparison With Natural History.

The Effect of Disease on the Developing Nervous System: Challenges and Opportunities, a Foreward.

Evaluation of the Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance indicators in Zambia from 2015-2021: a retrospective analysis.

An unexpected, pH-sensitive step of the enterovirus D68 lifecycle.

Evaluation of Direct Detection Protocols for Poliovirus from Stool Samples of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Patients.

Trends of Enterovirus D68 Concentrations in Wastewater, California, USA, February 2021-April 2023.

Duration of Enterovirus D68 RNA Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract and Transmission among Household Contacts, Colorado, USA.

Acute flaccid myelitis: not uncommon in rural Uganda?

In vitro and in vivo models for the study of EV-D68 infection.

SIRT-1 is required for release of enveloped enteroviruses.

The Picornaviridae Family: Knowledge Gaps, Animal Models, Countermeasures, and Prototype Pathogens.

Enterovirus D68 capsid formation and stability requires acidic compartments.

Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) Annual Surveillance Report 2022.

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

Acute Flaccid Paralysis due to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1-Alpha Deficiency.

Coexistence of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and diffuse midline glioma in the brainstem in an adolescent boy with acute flaccid paralysis.

First Detection of Enterovirus D68 in Korean Children, September 2022.

Selective nerve transfers to restore shoulder abduction and flexion in acute flaccid myelitis: A case report.

Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in patients with West Nile neuroinvasive disease, Belgrade area, Serbia, season 2022.

Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in COVID-19: a review and meta-analysis.

Contemporary enterovirus-D68 isolates infect human spinal cord organoids.

Sabin polio virus protein 1 (VP1) evolution in patients with acute flaccid paralysis from 2010 to 2016 in Uganda.

Botulism mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome: The question of plasma exchange in an unusual case of acute paralysis.

Enterovirus A71-associated acute flaccid paralysis in a pediatric patient: a case report.

Neutralizing activity of intravenous immune globulin products against enterovirus D68 strains isolated in Japan.

Clinical and molecular epidemiologic features of enterovirus D68 infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in China.

COVID-19 and the Pandemic-Related Aspects in Pediatric Demyelinating Disorders.

Simultaneous detection of enterovirus-D68 and vaccine-related poliovirus 3 in the stool samples of a 5-month hospitalized child with acute respiratory disease: A case report.

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection in a prospective cohort of children with neuroinflammatory diseases.

Acute flaccid paralysis due to multifactorial hyperkalaemia.

Emerging trends and insights in acute flaccid myelitis: a comprehensive review of neurologic manifestations.

Efficacy of an isoxazole-3-carboxamide analog of pleconaril in mouse models of Enterovirus-D68 and Coxsackie B5.

Changes in transmission of Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in England inferred from seroprevalence data.

Case report: training neck and head control in children with chronic paralysis due to acute flaccid myelitis.

Rehabilitation Outcomes in Children With Acute Flaccid Myelitis From 2014 to 2019: A Multicenter Retrospective Review.

Sleep Characteristics in Pediatric Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis in a Pediatric Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

EV-D68 virus-like particle vaccines elicit cross-clade neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection and block dissemination.

Six- and 12-month functional outcomes among patients with confirmed acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) with onset in 2018, United States.

Acute flaccid myelitis: Consensus diagnostic criteria is helpful but careful evaluation of disease course is as important.

Comparison of acute flaccid myelitis and transverse myelitis in children and evaluation of diagnostic criteria.

Telaprevir Treatment Reduces Paralysis in a Mouse Model of Enterovirus D68 Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

Poliovirus surveillance in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, India.

The Association of Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (Guillain-Barre' Syndrome Variant) with Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in a Child: A Case Report.

Environmental surveillance detects circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 that was undetected by acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in 2021 in Uganda.

Molecular characterization & recombination analysis of complete enterovirus-88 isolated from acute flaccid paralysis cases in India.

Enterovirus D68 Infection Induces TDP-43 Cleavage, Aggregation, and Neurotoxicity.

Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of acute transverse myelitis.

Bilateral Dega and Varus Derotational Osteotomies for Painful Hip Subluxation in Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Case Report.

Pediatric acute flaccid myelitis: Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and differentiation from other causes of acute flaccid paralysis.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Manual Muscle Testing to Identify Nerve Transfer Candidates in Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

Clinical progress note: Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis.

Enterovirus D-68 Infection of Primary Rat Cortical Neurons: Entry, Replication, and Functional Consequences.

RNA Structure in the 5' Untranslated Region of Enterovirus D68 Strains with Differing Neurovirulence Phenotypes.

Pterostilbene, an active constituent of blueberries, enhances innate immune activation and restricts enterovirus D68 infection.

Global trends in poliomyelitis research over the past 20 years: A bibliometric analysis.

Development of Enterovirus Antiviral Agents That Target the Viral 2C Protein.

Acute flaccid myelitis in Switzerland - association with enterovirus D68.

The complete acute and post-acute care course of children affected by acute flaccid myelitis in Western Pennsylvania: A case series.

Assessment of cognitive status in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis during inpatient rehabilitation: A retrospective cohort.

Review of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (ML/AI) for the Pediatric Neurologist.

Evaluation of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in the River Nile State - Northern Sudan, 2021.

Acute flaccid myelitis a review of the literature.

Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Australian Children from 2007 to 2017.

Poliomyelitis Is an Enterovirus Acute Flaccid Myelitis and Enterovirus D68.

Acute flaccid paralysis incidence rate and epidemiology in children in Lebanon: a rise in numbers in the post-vaccination and refugee crisis era.

Wastewater Testing and Detection of Poliovirus Type 2 Genetically Linked to Virus Isolated from a Paralytic Polio Case - New York, March 9-October 11, 2022.

Enteroviruses: The role of receptors in viral pathogenesis.

Epidemiology of acute flaccid myelitis in children in the Netherlands, 2014 to 2019.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Review of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management with Nerve Transfers.

Increase in Acute Respiratory Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents Associated with Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses, Including Enterovirus D68 - United States, July-September 2022.

[Acute Flaccid Paralysis].

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in a child: fast transformation from Sabin-like virus to vaccine-derived poliovirus triggered an epidemiological response in two countries of the European region.

Contribution of Auto-Visual AFP Detection and Reporting (AVADAR) on polio surveillance in South Sudan.

Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance performance from 2011 to 2020 in Jonglei State, South Sudan: progress and challenges encountered.

The sensitivity of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance - the case of South Sudan: retrospective secondary analysis of AFP surveillance data 2014-2019.

Enhancing acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system towards polio eradication: reverse cold chain monitoring in Nigeria, 2017 to 2019.

Enhancing acute flaccid paralysis surveillance through the use of pictorial surveillance reminder cards during supplementary immunization activities, December 2014: a survey in Jigawa State, Nigeria.

Revelation of an important weakness in polio elimination efforts in Nigeria: a descriptive cross-sectional study of nomadic dynamics in Sokoto and Taraba States, May 2013.

Enterovirus D68 Infection in Human Primary Airway and Brain Organoids: No Additional Role for Heparan Sulfate Binding for Neurotropism.

Acute Flaccid Paralysis in a 12-Month-Old.

Re-Emergence of Poliovirus in the United States: Considerations and Implications.

Challenges in the Clinical Recognition of Acute Flaccid Myelitis and its Implications.

Trends of key surveillance performance indicators of acute flaccid paralysis: a descriptive analysis, Uganda, 2015-2020.

Epidemiology of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks between 2016 and 2020.

Serial Neurologic Examination in a Child With Acute Flaccid Weakness.