Doença do Legionário

Legionnaires' Effect on Smell

NCT03321786

Nosocomial and Community Acquired Legionella Pneumophila Pneumonia.

NCT04106037

Special Investigation Of Azithromycin IV For Legionnaires' Disease (Regulatory Post Marketing Commitment Plan)

NCT01784770

Severe Legionellosis Cases Admitted to Grenoble University Hospital, 2006-2011.

NCT02884700

NCT03321786 · Legionnaires' Effect on SmellConcluído

Pesquisa e ensaios clínicos

9 ensaios clínicos encontrados.

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NCT04106037 · Nosocomial and Community Acquired Legionella Pneumophila Pne…Concluído

NCT01784770 · Special Investigation Of Azithromycin IV For Legionnaires' D…Concluído

NCT02884700 · Severe Legionellosis Cases Admitted to Grenoble University H…Concluído

Ver todos no ClinicalTrials.gov

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Publicações mais relevantes

🥇Melhor nível de evidência: Revisão sistemática

Timeline de publicações

1.028 papers (10 anos)

Mostrando amostra de 200 publicações de um total de 1.028

#1

Molecular evolution and adaptations of Legionella pneumophila from amoebae hosts to macrophages.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Legionella pneumophila is an environmental bacterium that emerged from a prolonged co-evolution and adaptation to free-living amoebae as the natural hosts. Within these protozoan hosts, L. pneumophila evolved to evade amoebae predation and remodel their vacuoles into endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vacuoles that evade phagosomal-lysosomal fusion. The L. pneumophila-amoebae co-evolution fortuitously has facilitated infection of human alveolar macrophages, resulting in pneumonia known as Legionnaires' Disease. Intracellular replication and host manipulation are orchestrated by the Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System (T4SS), which translocate more than 350 effectors that remodel host membrane trafficking, metabolism, and immune signaling, and by the Type II Secretion System, which releases ≈120 hydrolytic enzymes that promote nutrient acquisition and environmental persistence. The extraordinary diversity and redundancy of these effectors reflect evolutionary pressures within diverse protozoan reservoirs that have sculpted an arsenal capable of subverting numerous eukaryotic processes in diverse environmental hosts and is obvious from genomic plasticity. Adaptation of L. pneumophila to the intracellular life within unicellular phagocytic amoebae has played a major role in host expansion to human macrophages that share numerous conserved processes with amoebae, which are thought to be their ancestors. However, since Legionella modulate various mammalian-specific processes not present in unicellular amoebae, it is also likely that Legionella has also evolved through interaction with multi-cellular eukaryotic environmental hosts prior the infection of humans. It is also possible that many of the mammalian-specific processes modulated by effectors of Legionella can be an accidental host response to amoebae-adapted effectors rather than specific adaptation. This is a comprehensive review that synthesizes advances in our knowledge of ecology, epidemiology, metabolism, secretion systems, and host-pathogen interactions of L. pneumophila, highlighting how environmental selection and co-evolution with protozoan hosts drive genomic evolution and expansion of the host range from unicellular eukaryotic amoebae to humans.

#2

Legionella effector protein SidG disrupts host cytoskeleton via targeting Arp2/3 complex.

PLoS pathogens2026 Feb

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen capable of surviving and replicating within host cells, including macrophages and protozoans. It employs the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) to inject over 330 effector proteins into host cells, manipulating various cellular processes to facilitate infection. Characterizing the functions of these effectors is crucial to deciphering the pathogenesis of L. pneumophila. In this study, we identified SidG as an effector containing a Cys-His-Asp triad, whose functional state is strictly gated by its interaction with the cellular GTPase Rac1, particularly via its C-terminal domain. Rac1-activated SidG then utilizes an acidic (A) domain to target the Arp2/3 complex, the key regulator of actin nucleation. Importantly, SidG disrupts cytoskeletal architecture via both Rac1- and Arp2/3-dependent mechanisms. During L. pneumophila infection, SidG is crucial to promote efficient bacterial invasion of host cells in a Cys-His-Asp motif-dependent manner. Together, our study elucidates a sophisticated pathogenic mechanism where a bacterial effector co-opts a host GTPase to allosterically regulate its function towards the Arp2/3 complex, thereby facilitating bacterial entry into host cells.

#3

Substituents of the polysaccharide region of LPS in Legionella pneumophila sg1 modulate interactions with host cells.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids2026 Apr

Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in natural freshwater reservoirs, where it exists as an intracellular parasite of cohabiting protozoa, primarily of the genus Acanthamoeba. Inhalation of aerosol contaminated with the bacterium leads to its proliferation within pulmonary macrophages, ultimately resulting in pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of L. pneumophila sg1 constitutes the most exposed component of the bacterial cell wall, playing a key role in every stage of its developmental cycle associated with host cells. The orf8 gene encodes an N-methyltransferase responsible for the methylation of the 5-acetimidoylamino group in legionaminic acid of LPS of L. pneumophila sg1 strain 130b. Mutants impaired in synthesizing N-methyl groups of legionaminic acid produce neutral lipids, sphingolipids, and ceramides with an altered composition compared to the wild-type strain. N-methyl groups in legionaminic acid enhance bacterial adhesion to Acanthamoeba castellanii cells and THP-1-derived macrophages. Their occurrence, however, reduces the adhesion capacity of L. pneumophila sg1 strain 130b to epithelial cells of the A549 and BEAS-2B lines.

#4

Redefining the role of chaperones for Dot/Icm T4BSS-mediated substrate translocation by Legionella pneumophila.

Cell reports2026 Jan 27

Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionnaires' disease, establishes its intracellular niche through the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system, which translocates ∼300 effector proteins into host cells. Efficient secretion of many effectors requires the IcmS and IcmW chaperones, which interact with both substrates and the type IV coupling protein DotL. A prior model proposed that IcmSW are released from substrates during translocation by transfer to the C terminus of DotL and then recycled to the cytoplasm. This model predicts an excess cytoplasmic pool of IcmSW and their dissociation from DotL. We tested these predictions using quantitative stoichiometric analysis of Dot/Icm components and DotL-chaperone fusion constructs. IcmSW were present at levels comparable to DotL, and a DotL-IcmW-IcmS fusion fully complemented an ΔicmS ΔicmW mutant for intracellular replication. These findings refute the recycling model and support an updated "anchored chaperone" model, wherein IcmSW remain stably associated with DotL during substrate translocation.

#5

Legionella effector Ceg10 acetylates RPS20 to inhibit host translation and induce cell cycle arrest.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026 Jan 06

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, utilizes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate effectors into host cells, modulating diverse cellular processes to create a replication-permissive niche. Here, we characterize Ceg10, a T4SS-translocated effector, as a nucleus-targeting acetyltransferase that interferes with host ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle progression. Structural analysis reveals that Ceg10 harbors a conserved Cys-His-Asp (CHD) catalytic triad required for its acetyltransferase activity. Upon nuclear import mediated by the host transport adaptor HEATR3, Ceg10 selectively acetylates the ribosomal protein RPS20 at Thr64, Thr65, and Arg66, which have not been annotated as posttranslational modification sites. This acetylation impairs RPS20's interaction with RPS29 and 18S rRNA, two components critical for 40S ribosomal subunit assembly, leading to translation inhibition and G1/S cell cycle arrest. These host perturbations are essential for efficient early-stage intracellular replication of L. pneumophila. Our findings identify a distinct mechanism by which a bacterial effector co-opts nuclear import machinery and directly modifies ribosomal proteins to subvert host biosynthesis and cell cycle control, highlighting ribosomal protein acetylation as a hitherto unrecognized role in host-pathogen interactions.

Publicações recentes

Legionellosis: Global Epidemiology and Current Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment.

Infect Drug Resist2026

Global climate gradients structure soil Legionella diversity, relative abundance and pathogen distributions.

🥇 Revisão sistemática

bioRxiv2026 Mar 11

The small GTPase Rab5 inhibits actin polymerization mediated by the Legionella pneumophila effector VipA.

Med Microbiol Immunol2026 Apr 2

Mechanism of Legionella pneumophila-induced liver injury via gut microbiota translocation under immunosuppression.

🥇 Ensaio randomizado

Pathol Res Pract2026 Mar 27

The burden of hospital-acquired legionellosis in German teaching hospitals.

Infection2026 Apr 1

Ver todas no PubMed

📚 EuropePMC1.893 artigos no totalmostrando 198

Learning from swine influenza, Ebola virus disease, and Legionnaires' disease in 1976.

Lancet (London, England)

The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

Microbial community assembly and pathogen signatures in groundwater and tap water systems in greater Cairo, Egypt.

Crystal structure of the Legionella pneumophila effector SidL (Lpg0437) in complex with its metaeffector LegA11 (Lpg0436).

Virulence

Water-vapor treatment of shower systems in healthcare facilities: reshaping built-environment microbiomes to improve Legionella control and protect at-risk patients.

Microbiome

Fulminant Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Pontiac Fever: A Case Report.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Molecular evolution and adaptations of Legionella pneumophila from amoebae hosts to macrophages.

A case of Legionnaires' disease linked to the household hot water system, confirmed by whole genome sequencing.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

Clinical assessment of the diagnostic performance of the LIAISON® Legionella urinary antigen assay.

Role of Next-Generation Sequencing in Excluding the Nosocomial Origin of a Case of Legionnaires' Disease Integrating Environmental Surveillance and Clinical Diagnosis.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Legionella Pneumonia in the Modern Era: Clinical Features and Predictors of Mortality.

Frequency of rhabdomyolysis in Legionella infection and associated outcomes: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Postgraduate medicine

Emerging infectious diseases

Case of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Infection Linked to Water Flosser, France.

Emerging climate-related risks of legionnaires' disease and other waterborne pathogens in the United States.

Clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci and Legionella pneumophila confirmed using next-generation sequencing.

Annals of medicine

Indian journal of medical microbiology

From bronchopneumonia to sepsis: "An unexpected diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease" a rare case report.

Legionella effector protein SidG disrupts host cytoskeleton via targeting Arp2/3 complex.

Type 2 diabetes patient infected by soil-derived Legionella Longbeachae in China: A case report.

IDCases

Legionella Lem26 functions as an ATG8-activated effector that inhibits host autophagy.

Impacts of dynamic aerosol and pathogen concentrations on risks of Legionella pneumophila for public showers in Switzerland based on a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework.

Regulation of ribosome hibernation controls Legionella survival, infection, antibiotic tolerance, and phenotypic heterogeneity.

Emerging infectious diseases

Effect of Chloramine Disinfection of Community Water System on Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak, Minnesota, USA, 2024.

Cryo-EM structure revealed a novel F-actin binding motif in a Legionella pneumophila lysine fatty acyltransferase.

eLife

Community-Acquired Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study in Adult Inpatients from 2019 to 2024.

Microbial Diversity in Vehicle Windshield Washer Reservoirs: Findings from Legionella Screening.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

Emerging Infections and the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids

Substituents of the polysaccharide region of LPS in Legionella pneumophila sg1 modulate interactions with host cells.

Redefining the role of chaperones for Dot/Icm T4BSS-mediated substrate translocation by Legionella pneumophila.

Cell reports

Impact of meteorological factors on Legionella colonisation of water systems and the incidence of Legionnaires' disease.

Pathogens and global health

Genomic characterization of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 ST901 isolates responsible for recurrent travel-associated Legionnaires' disease cases and clusters.

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene

Remediation of novel sources linked to an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in a manufacturing facility.

Unravelling the Genomic and Virulence Diversity of Legionella pneumophila Strains Isolated from Anthropogenic Water Systems.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Legionella effector Ceg10 acetylates RPS20 to inhibit host translation and induce cell cycle arrest.

Polish journal of microbiology

A Rapid and Sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a for the Detection of Legionella pneumophila.

Environmental science & technology

Monitoring Legionella in Drinking Water: Should We Focus on L. pneumophila or All Species to Effectively Protect Public Health?

Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)

Where the cooling water drifts: an outbreak of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in the central business district of Sydney, December 2023 - January 2024.

Microbes and environments

Legionella Survives and Elongates in Algal Consortia Containing Bacteria in Alkaline Oligotrophic Conditions.

Pharmacological inhibition of host pathways enhances macrophage killing of intracellular bacterial pathogens.

Microbiology spectrum

Community-Acquired Legionnaires' Disease Presenting With Gastrointestinal and Neurological Symptoms Without Respiratory Complaints in an Elderly Male.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

Unraveling the Intricacies of Xenophagy: Lessons from Legionella pneumophila.

Two cases of Legionnaires' disease due to Legionella cardiaca.

ASM case reports

International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM

A large outbreak investigation of Legionnaires' disease associated with a public bath facility in Hiroshima, Japan, using PFGE, SBT, MLVA, and whole-genome sequencing.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

Preliminary report: The most considerable outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in France in the last two decades, Albertville, September 2025.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

LegioTyper: Rapid typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by flow-based chemiluminescence sandwich microarray immunoassay.

Sepsis related Brugada syndrome in community acquired pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: a case report.

BMC pulmonary medicine

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

In vitro characterization of delafloxacin activity against intracellular Legionella: Exploring new treatment options for Legionnaires' disease.

The journal of medical investigation : JMI

A case of severe cardiogenic shock triggered by Legionella infection treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Legionella in the brain: First culture-confirmed post-surgical abscess case and its successful management.

Infectious diseases now

Journal of microbiology and biotechnology

Legionella pneumophila Effector Protein LegU1 Mediates the Ubiquitination of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP.

Beyond Microbiological Analysis: The Essential Role of Risk Assessment in Travel-Associated Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak Investigations.

Legionella affects biofilm structural response to detachment upon shear stress increase.

Biofilm

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

A community Legionnaires' disease outbreak linked to a collective biomass condensing boiler, France, 2019.

Backtracking metabolic dynamics in single cells predicts bacterial replication in human macrophages.

A survey of ADP-ribosyltransferase families in the pathogenic Legionella.

BMC genomics

Applied and environmental microbiology

Legionella detection and enumeration in water samples by ISO 11731-2017: which method is the most sensitive?

Respiratory investigation

The LIAISON® Legionella Urinary Ag assay: A novel high-throughput, fully automated dual-antigen detection method with improved sensitivity and expanded Legionella species and serogroup coverage.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

Case report: Severe neonatal Legionella pneumophila pneumonia: Insights from clinical management and epidemiological investigation.

Severe Legionella pneumonia mimicking immune-related pneumonitis after chemoimmunotherapy for lung cancer: a case report.

Frontiers in oncology

Clinical Insights From Legionnaires' Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of Severe Cases on Account of a Cluster.

[Community outbreak of legionellosis associated with a mobile recreational water-based installation: investigation and proposals for improvement].

Gaceta sanitaria

Legionella in the City: Unveiling Legionella pneumophila in Hillbrow's High-Rise Water Systems.

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi

[Etiological surveillance and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Legionella pneumophila in the aqueous environment of public places in Shanghai, 2011-2020].

Regulation of host immunity by a novel Legionella pneumophila E3 ubiquitin ligase.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

Cryo-EM structure revealed a novel F-actin binding motif in a Legionella pneumophila lysine fatty-acyltransferase.

Dissecting antimicrobial logic: species-specific strategies for intracellular pathogen defense.

mSphere

Development and validation of a core-genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Legionella longbeachae.

Microbial genomics

The Journal of infectious diseases

Seroprevalence of Antibodies Against Legionella Species in Northeastern Australian Blood Donors, 2016 and 2023.

The discovery of a Legionella phage explains a key determinant of human disease.

Science advances

The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians

Doxycycline for Legionella Pneumonia: Expanding Treatment Horizons Through a Case Series and Narrative Review.

Frontiers in microbiology

Analysis of the genes and mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxicity of the Legionella Ofk308 strain in the Tetrahymena host.

Frontiers in microbiology

The hidden dancers in water: the symbiotic mystery of Legionella pneumophila and free-living amoebae.

International journal of rheumatic diseases

Case Report: Severe Legionnaires' Disease Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Clinical features and prognosis of severe legionnaires' disease requiring intensive care unit admission: a multicentric retrospective cohort study.

Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)

Royal Society open science

A within-host birth-death and time-dose-response model for Legionnaires' disease.

Critical care (London, England)

Demographics and outcome of Legionella pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Particle-associated and free-living Legionella spp. in drinking water.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

CXCL1 augments host defense against Legionella pneumophila through the IL-18-IFN-γ axis and neutrophil homeostasis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Phosphatidic acid production on the vacuole harboring Legionella pneumophila is a signal for recognition of interferon-induced GTPases.

Mitigating Legionella spp. risk in an Australian healthcare facility using on-site electrochemical water disinfection.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

LegionProfiler: a computational tool for the identification of virulence factors and classification of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates.

Test and treat-impact of microbiological testing on antibiotic prescribing for Legionnaires' disease in Switzerland: results of the multicentre SwissLEGIO study.

Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)

Legionella effector LpPIP recruits protein phosphatase 1 to the mitochondria to induce dephosphorylation of outer membrane proteins.

PLoS biology

Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila associated with Tropheryma whipplei: A case report.

Medicine

Journal of medical case reports

Legionella pneumonia complicated with severe acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: a case series.

Legionella maceachernii Pneumonia Presenting as a Cavitary Lesion in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Molecular biology and evolution

Host-Specific Adaptation of Legionella pneumophila to Single and Multiple Hosts.

A Case of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Positive Urine Antigen and Culture-Negative Legionnaires' Disease in an Immunosuppressed Patient.

Environmental microbiology reports

Seasonal Host Shifts for Legionella Within an Industrial Water-Cooling System.

Journal of molecular biology

The Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System is Structurally and Functionally Resilient in Absence of Species-specific Proteins Dis2 and Dis3.

Long-term impacts of Legionnaires' disease on health and wellbeing: rationale, study design and baseline findings of a matched cohort study (LongLEGIO).

Swiss medical weekly

Legionella spp. in a Dental Office-Current State of Knowledge.

Bacterial type IV secretion system induces specific and nonspecific protective immunity.

IL-1beta expressing neutrophil extracellular traps in Legionella pneumophila infection.

Frontiers in immunology

Physicians' degree of awareness regarding the risks, clinical practices, and management challenges of nosocomial legionnaires' disease: A cross-sectional study from two Ethiopian hospitals.

SAGE open medicine

Legionella pneumophila type II secretome reveals a polysaccharide deacetylase that impacts intracellular infection, biofilm formation, and resistance to polymyxin- and serum-mediated killing.

Dendritic cells activate pyroptosis and effector-triggered apoptosis to restrict Legionella infection.

Phosphoribosyl ubiquitination of SNARE proteins regulates autophagy during Legionella infection.

The EMBO journal

Comparative genome analysis investigation of nosocomial and community-acquired cases of Legionnaires' disease caused by ST2858 and ST378.

Microbiology spectrum

Severe Legionnaires' disease refractory to azithromycin: Are quinolones superior to macrolides?

IDCases

European journal of medicinal chemistry

Innovative zinc-binding inhibitors of Legionella pneumophila ProA reduce collagen and flagellin degradation, TLR5 evasion, and human lung tissue inflammation.

GM-CSF engages multiple signaling pathways to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in human monocytes during Legionella infection.

Infection and immunity

Lymphadenitis caused by Legionella sainthelensi infection: a case report and literature review.

Frontiers in medicine

Epidemiology and infection

Legionnaires' disease outbreak linked to a cold-water source in Yorkshire, 2022.

Applied and environmental microbiology

Interlaboratory comparison of culture- and PCR-based methods for Legionella pneumophila detection in drinking water samples.

FEMS microbiology reviews

Foresight 2035: a perspective on the next decade of research on the management of Legionella spp. in engineered aquatic environments.

Genomic analysis of Legionella pneumophila in the drinking water system of a large building over 25 years.

Microbial genomics

A Case of Severe Legionella Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Traveler.

Modulation of host ATP levels by secreted bacterial effectors.

Inter-kingdom signaling by the Legionella autoinducer LAI-1 involves the antimicrobial guanylate binding protein GBP.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE

Using mathematical modeling to study the dynamics of Legionnaires' disease and consider management options.

Legionnaires' disease on azithromycin leading to lofty liver levels.

IDCases

Infectious diseases (London, England)

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Legionnaires' disease in Southern Sweden, a population-based study.

The Science of the total environment

Leveraging regulatory monitoring data for quantitative microbial risk assessment of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

The Legionella pneumophila peptidoglycan recycling kinase, AmgK, is essential for survival and replication inside host alveolar macrophages.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

A retrospective observational cohort study of oral azithromycin treatment for Legionnaires' disease.

Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications

Structures of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 peptide deformylase bound to nickel(II) and actinonin.

Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications

Structural characterization of dUTPase from Legionella pneumophila.

Detection, relatedness and environmental sources of emerging Legionella longbeachae infections in Finland, 1989-2024.

Visualizing mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and super-complexes during infection of human macrophages with Legionella pneumophila.

Methods in cell biology

Frontiers in pharmacology

Efficacy and safety profile of biotechnological agents and Janus kinase inhibitors in VEXAS syndrome: data from the international AIDA Network VEXAS registry.

Biosensors & bioelectronics

Electrochemical detection of Legionella pneumophila using DNAzymes and under continuous flow in cooling tower water.

The Journal of cell biology

Subversion of the host endocytic pathway by Legionella pneumophila-mediated ubiquitination of Rab5.

IL-6-Caspase 3 Axis Plays an Important Role in Enteritis Caused by Legionella pneumophila Pulmonary Infection.

Case report: The value of early application of mNGS technology in the diagnosis and treatment of severe Legionnaires' disease: reports of two cases with different outcomes.

Frontiers in medicine

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

Legionnaires' disease following lake swimming in Iowa.

Massive parapneumonic effusion leading to hypercapnic respiratory failure in a patient with Legionella pneumophila infection.

BMJ case reports

Legionnaire's Disease Beyond the Lungs: A Rare Case of Severe Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury from a Possible Vaping Source.

Hospital pharmacy

International medical case reports journal

Omadacycline for the Treatment of Severe Legionella Pneumonia Complicated with Multiple Organ Failure: A Case Report.

Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases

[A case of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia complicated by acute hemorrhagic leukoaraiosis and rhabdomyolysis].

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy

Evaluation of Legionella Diagnostic Prediction Score in patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.

Current research in microbial sciences

Legionella pneumophila subverts the antioxidant defenses of its amoeba host Acanthamoeba castellanii.

Archives of environmental & occupational health

Sprinkler irrigation of urban sport fields as a potential source of Legionella.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

Occurrence of macrolides resistance in Legionella pneumophila ST188: Results of the Belgian epidemiology and resistome investigation of clinical isolates.

Severe pneumonia due to concurrent Legionella pneumophila and Acinetobacter baumannii infections: a case report.

BMC pulmonary medicine

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological types of Legionella pneumophila human isolates from Italy (1987-2020).

Hippocampal Sclerosis After Legionnaires' Disease: A Case Report.

Environmental microbiology

Rapid Icm/Dot T4SS Inactivation Prevents Resuscitation of Heat-Induced VBNC Legionella pneumophila by Amoebae.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Legionella from Artificial Water Systems: Findings from a Two-Year Study.

Diabetes impairs IFNγ-dependent antibacterial defense in the lungs.

Mucosal immunology

Antibiotic susceptibility situation of environmental Legionella pneumophila isolates in Southern Germany.

Laying the groundwork for a Legionella pneumophila risk management program for public drinking water systems.

PLoS computational biology

The Burr distribution as a model for the delay between key events in an individual's infection history.

Legionnaires' Disease Presenting With Acute Kidney Injury: Successful Treatment With Antibiotics.

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)

[Atraumatic splenic rupture in Legionella pneumonia].

Emerging infectious diseases

Cluster of Legionellosis Cases Associated with Manufacturing Process, South Carolina, USA, 2022.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

Comparison of whole genome sequencing typing tools for the typing of Belgian Legionella pneumophila outbreaks isolates.

The Journal of infectious diseases

Incorporating Incubation Period Distributions to Precisely Estimate the Association Between Rainfall and Legionella Infection.

Demonstration of cavitary legionnaires' pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient.

Radiology case reports

Legionella pneumophila, a Rosetta stone to understanding bacterial pathogenesis.

Journal of bacteriology

Global surge of Legionnaires' disease in 2024: urgent call for heightened awareness and preparedness.

The Lancet. Microbe

Legionella pneumophila IrsA, a novel, iron-regulated exoprotein that facilitates growth in low-iron conditions and modulates biofilm formation.

Microbiology spectrum

Detection of Legionella spp. in influent wastewater in Kobe City, Japan.

Two Sporadic Cases of Legionellosis Associated with the Use of Domestic Ultrasonic Humidifiers.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy

Evaluation of Legionella diagnostic prediction score in patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron pneumonia.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

Two outbreaks of Legionnaires disease associated with outdoor hot tubs for private use-two cruise ships, November 2022-July 2024.

Distinction of clinical features and microbiological methods between Chlamydia psittaci and Legionella pneumophila pneumonia confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Annals of medicine

A comprehensive two-hybrid analysis to explore the Legionella pneumophila effector-effector interactome.

mSystems

Case report: First report of Legionella pneumophila and Bordetella bronchiseptica coinfection in an immunocompromised patient.

Frontiers in medicine

[A paramedical team "on the front line" of hospital care for legionnaires].

Soins. Psychiatrie

Expanded geographic distribution for two Legionella pneumophila sequence types of clinical concern.

mSphere

Legionella in Primary School Hot Water Systems from Two Municipalities in the Danish Capital Region.

The Adequacy of Current Legionnaires' Disease Diagnostic Practices in Capturing the Epidemiology of Clinically Relevant Legionella: A Scoping Review.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

Two Outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease Associated with Outdoor Hot Tubs for Private Use - Two Cruise Ships, November 2022-July 2024.

Frontiers in microbiology

A rapid and reliable method for early Legionella pneumophila identification and characterization in support of the epidemiology study.

Epidemiology and infection

Weather conditions and legionellosis: a nationwide case-crossover study among Medicare recipients.

Omadacycline for the treatment of severe Legionella pneumophila pneumonia complicated with multiple organ dysfunction: a case report.

Development of a machine learning model to support low cost real-time Legionella monitoring in premise plumbing systems.

InSeq analysis of defined Legionella pneumophila libraries identifies a transporter-encoding gene cluster important for intracellular replication in mammalian hosts.

Letters in applied microbiology

UV-light fluorescence as a confirmation method for presumptive Legionella colonies isolated from water samples.

High Affinity Inhibitors of the Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator Protein from Trypanosoma cruzi, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Legionella pneumophila─A Comparison.

ACS infectious diseases

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

Practicing Medicine Wisely: Routine Use of Urine Legionella in Suspicious Pneumonia - Are we Overdoing?

Phosphorylation of caspases by a bacterial kinase inhibits host programmed cell death.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Insights into the role of legionella effectors on host metabolic perturbations.

Infectious disease reports

Uncovering Gaps in Knowledge: A Survey of Belgian General Practitioners' Awareness of Legionnaires' Disease Diagnostic Testing.

The New England journal of medicine

Case 29-2024: A 47-Year-Old Man with Confusion and Kidney Failure.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Covalent Probes To Capture Legionella pneumophila Dup Effector Enzymes.

Detection of Legionella species other than Legionella pneumophila in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue: An autopsy case study.

Pathology international

Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics

[Two cases of neonatal Legionella pneumonia].

The unique Legionella longbeachae capsule favors intracellular replication and immune evasion.

Legionella pneumophila modulates macrophage functions through epigenetic reprogramming via the C-type lectin receptor Mincle.

iScience

Iron-depleting nutritional immunity controls extracellular bacterial replication in Legionella pneumophila infections.

Letters in applied microbiology

The inhibitory effect of copper, zinc, and manganese on Legionella longbeachae in potting mix leachate.

Sde proteins coordinate ubiquitin utilization and phosphoribosylation to establish and maintain the Legionella replication vacuole.

Legionella pneumophila evades host-autophagic clearance using phosphoribosyl-polyubiquitin chains.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR

Small molecule communication of Legionella: the ins and outs of autoinducer and nitric oxide signaling.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

Differences between males and females in infectious diseases notifications in the EU/EEA, 2012 to 2021.

European journal of internal medicine

Antimicrobial therapy and patient management for severe Legionnaires' pneumonia.

European journal of internal medicine

Quinolones or macrolides for adults with Legionnaires' disease and respiratory failure?

Characterisation of Legionella Clinical Isolates in Spain from 2012 to 2022.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Factors Associated with Legionella Detection in the Water Systems of National Lodging Organization Facilities with Water Management Programs in the United States.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences

Capturing Legionella pneumophila effector enzymes using a ubiquitin derived photo-activatable probe.

The Journal of hospital infection

Compulsory screening for Legionella pneumophila and Legionella spp. in tap water: is it time for a revision of the guidelines?

Genotypic and phenotypic profiling of 127 Legionella pneumophila strains: Insights into regional spread.

PloS one

Legionella pneumophila cell surface RtxA release by LapD/LapG and its role in virulence.

BMC microbiology

Journal of epidemiology and global health

Increasing Detection of Legionnaires' Disease in a Large Italian Hospital in the Period 2016-2023.

Applied and environmental microbiology

Can genomics and meteorology predict outbreaks of legionellosis in urban settings?

Legionella maintains host cell ubiquitin homeostasis by effectors with unique catalytic mechanisms.

Northern clinics of Istanbul

Assessment of macrolide susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila isolated from public buildings' water systems in Turkiye.