Raras
Buscar doenças, sintomas, genes...
Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström
ORPHA:33226CID-10 · C88.0CID-11 · 2A85.4DOENÇA RARA

A macroglobulinemia de Waldenström é uma doença que envolve a proliferação anormal de um subtipo de células brancas do sangue chamadas linfócitos. A atribuição principal é o anticorpo IgM. É um tipo de doença linfoproliferativa, e compartilha características clínicas com os linfomas não-Hodgkin indolentes.

Mantido por Agente Raras·Colaborar como especialista →

Introdução

O que você precisa saber de cara

📋

A macroglobulinemia de Waldesntröm (WM) é uma doença linfoproliferativa de células B caracterizada pela acumulação de células monoclonais na medula óssea e nos tecidos linfáticos periféricos, associada à produção monoclonal de imunoglobulina M (IgM) no soro.

Pesquisas ativas
24 ensaios
272 total registrados no ClinicalTrials.gov
Publicações científicas
1.570 artigos
Último publicado: 2026 Apr 15

Escala de raridade

CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORPHANET · BRASIL 2024
Unknown
Ultra-rara
<1/50k
Muito rara
1/20k
Rara
1/10k
Pouco freq.
1/5k
Incomum
1/2k
Prevalência
0.0
Worldwide
Início
Elderly
🏥
SUS: Sem cobertura SUSScore: 0%
CID-10: C88.0
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Entender a doença

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Sinais e sintomas

O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece

Partes do corpo afetadas

🩸
Sangue
7 sintomas
🫃
Digestivo
4 sintomas
🧠
Neurológico
4 sintomas
🛡️
Imunológico
2 sintomas
❤️
Coração
2 sintomas
🫁
Pulmão
2 sintomas

+ 21 sintomas em outras categorias

Características mais comuns

90%prev.
Proteinemia monoclonal de imunoglobulina M
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Linfoma
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Leucemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)
55%prev.
Palidez
Frequente (79-30%)
55%prev.
Sangramento gengival
Frequente (79-30%)
55%prev.
Anemia normocítica
Frequente (79-30%)
48sintomas
Muito frequente (3)
Frequente (7)
Ocasional (35)
Sem dados (3)

Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 48 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.

Proteinemia monoclonal de imunoglobulina MMonoclonal immunoglobulin M proteinemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
LinfomaLymphoma
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
LeucemiaLeukemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
PalidezPallor
Frequente (79-30%)55%
Sangramento gengivalGingival bleeding
Frequente (79-30%)55%

Linha do tempo da pesquisa

Publicações por ano — veja quando o interesse científico cresceu
Anos de pesquisa1desde 2026
Total histórico1.570PubMed
Últimos 10 anos200publicações
Pico2025140 papers
Linha do tempo
2026Hoje · 2026🧪 1992Primeiro ensaio clínico📈 2025Ano de pico
Publicações por ano (últimos 10 anos)

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Genética e causas

O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias

Genes associados

1 gene identificado com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Multigenic/multifactorial.

MYD88Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88Disease-causing somatic mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response (PubMed:15361868, PubMed:18292575, PubMed:33718825, PubMed:37971847). Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:15361868, PubMed:19506249, PubMed:24316379, PubMed:40638072). Increases IL-8 transcription (PubMed:9013863). Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in

LOCALIZAÇÃO

CytoplasmNucleus

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (9)
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT SignalingPIP3 activates AKT signalingp75NTR recruits signalling complexesInterleukin-1 signalingMyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Immunodeficiency 68

An autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by life-threatening, often recurrent, pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease, beginning in infancy or early childhood.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Sangue
199.5 TPM
Baço
107.2 TPM
Linfócitos
92.5 TPM
Pulmão
69.5 TPM
Esôfago - Mucosa
63.7 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (4)
pyogenic bacterial infections due to MyD88 deficiencymacroglobulinemia, Waldenstrom, 1immunodeficiency 67Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
HGNC:7562UniProt:Q99836

Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)

22 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.

🧬 MYD88: GRCh37/hg19 3p26.3-14.3(chr3:2263690-55016039)x3 ()
🧬 MYD88: NC_000003.11:g.(?_38180153)_(38182777_?)del ()
🧬 MYD88: NM_002468.5(MYD88):c.256_257del (p.Val86fs) ()
🧬 MYD88: NM_002468.5(MYD88):c.463+1G>A ()
🧬 MYD88: NC_000003.11:g.(?_16710965)_(41275270_?)del ()
Ver todas no ClinVar

Diagnóstico

Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam

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Tratamento e manejo

Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar

Pipeline de tratamentos
Pipeline regulatório — de medicamentos já aprovados a drogas em pesquisa exploratória.
Aprovado1
2Fase 212
1Fase 13
·Pré-clínico4
Medicamentos catalogadosEnsaios clínicos· 0 medicamentos · 20 ensaios
Carregando informações de tratamento...

Onde tratar no SUS

Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)

🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström

🗺️

Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.

Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.

Pesquisa ativa

Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes

🟢 Recrutando agora

15 pesquisas recrutando participantes. Converse com seu médico sobre a possibilidade de participar.

Outros ensaios clínicos

272 ensaios clínicos encontrados, 24 ativos.

Distribuição por fase
Ver todos no ClinicalTrials.gov
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Publicações mais relevantes

🥉Melhor nível de evidência: Relato de caso
Timeline de publicações
1.053 papers (10 anos)

Mostrando amostra de 200 publicações de um total de 1.053

#1

Prognosis and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma in the United States: a multicenter retrospective study.

Blood cancer journal2026 Mar 23

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare, aggressive AIDS-related lymphoma observed in patients with immunosuppressed states as well as in immunocompetent individuals. We sought to determine survival outcomes, prognostic factors, and optimal treatment regimens in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with PBL in the United States. We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, including 344 patients diagnosed with PBL between 2005 and 2022. Patients were stratified into cohorts according to underlying immune status. Survival outcomes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier statistics, with cohort-specific survival outcomes adjusted using propensity score-based weighting. Factors associated with outcomes were assessed via multivariable models using multiple imputation. The median age at diagnosis was 53 years, most patients were male (n = 270), and many had HIV (n = 164). The median OS was 5.0 years, with a median PFS of 1.4 years. Patients living with HIV had the best outcomes, whereas patients with prior organ transplantation had the worst outcomes. Use of higher intensity chemotherapy regimens and use of a proteasome inhibitor in the frontline setting did not show survival benefit. While there was no clear optimal treatment approach in the frontline setting, the median OS of 5.0 years is dramatically improved compared with historical controls.

#2

Quantitative MYD88 L265P and flow cytometry levels for outcome determination in IgM gammopathies: the SAL-TO study.

Blood advances2026 Mar 19

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, often preceded by a history of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS). In this retrospective multicentric study, we collected real-life data from 577 IgM gammopathy patients (221 symptomatic WM, sWM, 245 asymptomatic WM, aWM, 111 IgM-MGUS) from 22 Spanish Centers, with a validation cohort of 166 patients (73 sWM, 71 aWM, 22 IgM-MGUS) from University Hospital of Torino, Italy. Median overall survival (OS) was 126.7 months for the Spanish cohort and 202.8 for the Torino cohort. Multivariate analysis identified significant age > 65 years, male gender, diagnosis of sWM and beta-2-microglobulin >3 as significant predictors for shorter OS. Additionally, age > 65 years, bone marrow (BM) biopsy infiltration, haemoglobin <11.5 g/dL and platelets <100.000/mmc were associated with shorter time to first treatment (TTFT). Pooling data from both cohorts revealed that baseline BM quantitative MYD88 L265P/MYD88 WT ratio > 0.162 (either by ddPCR or quantitative PCR) together with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) infiltration >4.39% had a significant impact on OS and TTFT; the combination of MYD88 and MFC levels allowed to stratify patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, with high-risk IgM gammopathy patients showing increased disease-related death in competing risk analysis.

#3

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

Indian journal of hematology &amp; blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion2026 Mar

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare B-cell lympho-proliferative disorder. There is limited data from India regarding the characteristics and outcomes of patients with WM. We describe here the patients with WM treated at our center over the course of the past 15 years. This was a single center, retrospective analysis. Patients fulfilling the diagnosis of WM who were treated at our center between 2009 and 2023 were included in the study. Fifty-five patients were included in the study for analysis. The median age was 62 years with a Male: Female ratio of 3.2:1. Most patients (n = 42; 76.4%) had symptoms attributable to WM, while 5 patients (9.1%) had Immunoglobulin M (IgM) related symptoms and 8 patients (14.5%) had both. The median hemoglobin of the cohort was 7.4 g/dl and the median serum IgM level was 4.87 g/L. MYD88 mutation testing was done in 30 patients and was positive in 16 (53.3%). The most common first line therapy was chemo-immunotherapy (n = 36; 65.5%). Most common chemo-immunotherapy was Bendamustine-Rituximab followed by Rituximab-Cyclophosphamide-Dexamethasone. The overall response rate and major response rate to front-line therapy was 78.2% and 69.1% respectively. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 30 months. Fourteen patients died during follow-up with the most common cause being progressive disease (n = 6; 42.9%). The median Event-free Survival, Time to Next therapy and Overall Survival were 45 months, 51 months and 150 months respectively. In our WM case series from India, we found a low incidence of MYD88 mutations with comparable treatment outcomes to western literature.

#4

Evolution of tumor subclones and T-cell dynamics underlie variable ibrutinib responses in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood2026 Feb 11

To elucidate the molecular basis underlying differential response and resistance to ibrutinib in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), we conducted a prospective phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02604511) of ibrutinib monotherapy in treatment-naïve patients. Seventy-four sequential bone marrow (BM) aspirates from 17 patients, collected from baseline through 48 treatment cycles, were profiled using single-cell multi-omics. BM cells segregated primarily into B/plasma cell and T-cell compartments. Longitudinal clonal tracking of malignant B/plasma cells identified three distinct evolutionary patterns: "evolution" (early clone contraction with late clone expansion and increasing genomic complexity), "devolution" (early clone expansion with late clone contraction and genomic simplification), and "no-evolution" (stable clonal architecture). The "evolution" pattern was strongly associated with disease progression, whereas "devolution" correlated with durable clinical response. Transcriptomic profiling of resistant clones enabled development and validation of the Waldenström's Ibrutinib Prediction (WIP) score, which predicted treatment response at baseline. Within the WIP signature, LYN emerged as a key regulator; LYN knockdown or inhibition significantly increased WM cell sensitivity to ibrutinib, suggesting a rational combinatorial strategy. In parallel, GZMB⁺ CD8⁺ effector-memory (TEM) cells expanded post-treatment in progressing patients and co-existed with tumor "evolution". These cells exhibited persistently impaired cytotoxic programs (e.g., GNLY), a de-differentiated memory-like state, elevated PDCD1 expression, and reduced TCR diversity. Together, this study provides the first single-cell framework of tumor clonal evolution and T-cell dysfunction under ibrutinib in WM; introduces the WIP score as a predictive biomarker for treatment response; and identifies actionable tumor-intrinsic and immune mechanisms driving resistance.

#5

POD24 is a Novel Determinant of Prognosis in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances2026 Jan 07

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by recurrent MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations, whose prognostic value in chemoimmunotherapy-treated patients remains unclear. Moreover, the typically prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) correlates inconsistently with overall survival (OS), underscoring the importance of examining other surrogates. Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24), an established early endpoint, delineates functionally high-risk patients in other indolent lymphomas. This international study evaluated 253 patients receiving frontline fixed-duration bendamustine-rituximab (BR), a common chemoimmunotherapy for WM. At median follow-up of 5.9 years, 5-year PFS and OS were 65% and 87%, respectively; 5-year PFS was similar between MYD88L265P (90%) and MYD88wild-type (WT) subcohorts (64% each, p=0.4). Among 89 patients with known CXCR4 status, the subcohort with CXCR4mutation (28%) had shorter PFS (median, 3.3 versus 8.8 years; HR 2.8, p=0.0036) and OS (HR 2.6, p=0.036) compared to CXCR4WT. POD24 occurred in 11.5% of patients who demonstrated inferior subsequent OS (5-year OS: 71% versus 86%; HR 3.1, p=0.005) and higher mortality (SMR 3.7), unlike the non-POD24 group, whose mortality was comparable to the matched general population (SMR 1.1). In conclusion, BR is effective, irrespective of the MYD88 status, but CXCR4 mutations and POD24 portend worse outcomes. Non-POD24 patients represent a cohort with distinctly favorable outcome.

Publicações recentes

Ver todas no PubMed

📚 EuropePMC1.017 artigos no totalmostrando 199

2026

Prognosis and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma in the United States: a multicenter retrospective study.

Blood cancer journal
2026

Masquerading as an Interstitial Lung Disease: Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma With Prominent Neo-Angiogenesis.

International journal of surgical pathology
2026

Quantitative MYD88 L265P and flow cytometry levels for outcome determination in IgM gammopathies: the SAL-TO study.

Blood advances
2026

A real-world 10-year follow-up analysis of survival and safety of CD20-targeted therapy in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Frontiers in oncology
2026

Zanubrutinib in AL Amyloidosis Associated With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Other B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

American journal of hematology
2026

Final Report of a Phase II Study of Ibrutinib and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

American journal of hematology
2026

An Atypical Presentation of Ecthyma Gangrenosum in a Patient With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Cureus
2026

CIDP With and Without Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS): Comparison of Clinical Phenotype, Diagnostic Features, and Treatment Response.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS
2026

What is your diagnosis? A spontaneous echo contrast in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Intensive care medicine
2026

A single-center retrospective study suggests a potential benefit of BTK inhibitor-based therapy in patients with histologic transformation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Annals of medicine
2026

A Meta-analysis Investigating Response Rates with Continuous Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Monotherapies in the Treatment of B Cell Lymphomas.

Oncology and therapy
2026

Venetoclax or Pirtobrutinib in Relapsed/Refractory Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Clinical and Molecular Predictors and Sequencing Implications.

American journal of hematology
2026

Advances and resistance adaptation in BTK-targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies.

Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy
2026

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

Indian journal of hematology &amp; blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion
2026

Interference and failure: The challenge of high-concentration IgM monoclonal protein in capillary zone electrophoresis.

Clinical biochemistry
2026

Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis.

JNCI cancer spectrum
2026

Evolution of tumor subclones and T-cell dynamics underlie variable ibrutinib responses in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood
2026

Persistent Anemia Revealing Underlying B-cell Malignancies: A Report of Two Cases Highlighting a Diagnostic Gap in Primary Care.

Cureus
2026

Off-trial outcomes of zanubrutinib in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: the prognostic impact of CXCR4 and TP53 alterations.

Leukemia
2026

Incidence, Prevalence, Survival and Mortality of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma and Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia in Australia.

Cancer medicine
2026

BTK Inhibition in Hematology: From CLL/SLL to Emerging Applications Across B-Cell and Immune Disorders.

Biomolecules
2026

Clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia treated in a tertiary academic centre.

British journal of haematology
2026

Clinicopathological features and management of IgM multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Leukemia &amp; lymphoma
2025

Onychorrhexis and onychoschizia associated with ibrutinib therapy.

JAAD case reports
2026

Quantitative MYD88L265P and CXCR4S338X analysis to assess clinical trial performance in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances
2026

Cutaneous Infiltration as an Indicator of Systemic Disease Progression in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

International journal of dermatology
2025

Characteristics and Outcomes of Finnish Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia-A Real-World Study.

Clinical lymphoma, myeloma &amp; leukemia
2026

Immunogammopathy Maculopathy and Macular Schisis with En Face OCT.

Retinal cases &amp; brief reports
2026

Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis: a case report and multi-center exploratory retrospective study.

ASM case reports
2026

POD24 is a Novel Determinant of Prognosis in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances
2026

IgG-type lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with light chain deposition disease.

CEN case reports
2025

A Rare Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum Pointing to Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Case reports in oncological medicine
2025

Ibrutinib oral suspension bioavailability and compatibility for optimal enteral administration route.

Therapeutic advances in hematology
2025

The Direction of Modern Therapies in Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
2025

Immunoglobulin M Multiple Myeloma: Case Report of a Rare Variant of Multiple Myeloma with Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges.

Annals of African medicine
2025

Orbital Waldenström Macroglobulinemia With Angiopathic Paraprotein Deposition: A Case Report.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery
2025

Molecular modeling of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood
2026

Cutaneous Infiltration of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia-A Two-Case Series of a Diagnostically Challenging Presentation.

The Australasian journal of dermatology
2026

Avoiding serious treatment-emergent adverse events in Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients.

Expert review of hematology
2026

Late toxicity and long-term efficacy of first-line bendamustine and rituximab combination in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Leukemia
2026

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: The LYSA pragmatic guidelines.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
2025

Solitary Hepatic Plasmacytoma With IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy: A Case Report.

Case reports in hematology
2026

Time to Next Treatment Within 24 Months (TTNT24) as a Predictor of Survival in Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Population-Based Observational Study.

European journal of haematology
2025

Multi-omics analysis reveals a unique epigenetic signature in MYD88 wild-type Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Haematologica
2025

Zanubrutinib Combined With Rituximab in the Treatment of Bing-Neel Syndrome: A Case Report.

Clinical case reports
2025

Long-term outcomes and treatment patterns in Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients who discontinue Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy.

Blood cancer journal
2025

Extent of bone marrow infiltration predicts disease progression in asymptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Discover oncology
2026

A multicentre prospective phase II study of rituximab combined with bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone, followed by lenalidomide maintenance (R-VRD) in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (KMM1803).

British journal of haematology
2025

Biochemical analysis reveals aberrant and variable Immunoglobulin M composition in Waldenström macroglobulinemia and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.

Frontiers in immunology
2025

Clonal identification and homology differentiate primary central nervous system lymphoma from non-central nervous system lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports
2025

Transformation and survival in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a population-based study.

Discover oncology
2026

Soluble BCMA: a window into tumor burden monitoring in Waldenström macroglobulinemia?

Leukemia &amp; lymphoma
2026

Repurposing pacritinib to target MYD88-mutated Waldenström macroglobulinaemia.

British journal of haematology
2025

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma with IgA Paraprotein: a Case Report and Literature Review.

Clinical laboratory
2025

Uncovering regulatory B-cell features associated with regulatory T-cell expansion and global T-cell exhaustion in Waldenström macroglobulinemia Myd88 L252P -like lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas.

HemaSphere
2025

Diagnosis of patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy due to analytical interference.

Clinical biochemistry
2025

Successful Treatment of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Complicated by Severe Autoimmune Neutropenia With Rituximab and Bendamustine.

Cureus
2025

Bing-Neel Syndrome in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Updates on Clinical Management and BTK Inhibitor Efficacy.

Cancers
2025

A Rare Combination: Cold Agglutinin Disease Followed by Waldenström Macroglobulinemia-A Case of Early Treatment Response.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
2025

[Transformation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: five cases report and literature review].

Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi
2026

Clinical Utility of Monoclonal Gammopathy Testing in the Evaluation of Anemia.

American journal of hematology
2026

Familial clusters and clinical features, complications, and outcomes in 1000 patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances
2025

BCL-2 inhibition in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia and marginal zone lymphoma.

British journal of haematology
2025

CD180 as a Robust Immunophenotypic Marker for Differentiating Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia From Marginal Zone Lymphoma.

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc
2025

Zanubrutinib‑Induced Symmetrical Soft Tissue Forearm Swelling in a Patient With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Cureus
2025

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with IgG-λ and free λ light chain paraprotein: A case report.

Medicine
2025

[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia with refractory pleural fluid complicated with chylothorax: a case report].

Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi
2025

Detection of MYD88L265P Mutation by Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction in Atypical Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma.

Clinical case reports
2025

Two B or not two B; the question of bendamustine dosing in low grade lymphoma.

Pathology oncology research : POR
2025

A Case Report of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Interfering with Serum Total Bilirubin and Creatinine.

Clinical laboratory
2026

Soluble BCMA as a biomarker reflecting tumor volume and treatment response in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Leukemia &amp; lymphoma
2026

Genomics Define Malignant Transformation in Myeloma Precursor Conditions.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
2025

Zanubrutinib for high-risk Waldenström macroglobulinemia with complex karyotype and hyperleukocytosis: A case report and literature review.

SAGE open medical case reports
2025

Expanded CD16+CD56+Granzyme B+ NK like CD8+ T cells an off target effect of bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Scientific reports
2025

Causes of Death Among Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Patients: A Population-Based Study.

Clinical lymphoma, myeloma &amp; leukemia
2025

A Rare Case of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Presenting as Bilateral Bloody Pleural Effusion and Pancytopenia.

The American journal of case reports
2025

Defining IgM Multiple Myeloma.

American journal of hematology
2025

Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-IgM lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: a case report and literature review.

Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH
2025

Membranous nephropathy preceding Bing-Neel syndrome: successful treatment with tirabrutinib.

Journal of nephrology
2025

Utility of Plasma Exchange in a Patient with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Recurrent Angioedema Secondary to C1 Esterase Inhibitor.

Rhode Island medical journal (2013)
2025

Genomic landscape of IgM-MGUS and patients with stable or progressive asymptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood
2026

Monoclonal Cryoglobulinemia Clinically Mimicking Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The American Journal of dermatopathology
2025

The Transformative Role of Mass Spectrometry in Diagnosing and Monitoring Monoclonal Gammopathies and Plasma Cell Disorders.

The journal of applied laboratory medicine
2025

Description of TEMPI syndrome in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Klinicka onkologie : casopis Ceske a Slovenske onkologicke spolecnosti
2025

Massive pleural effusion as the initial presentation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia: rare extramedullary involvement.

International journal of hematology
2025

Effect of plasma exchange on tirabrutinib plasma concentration in a patient with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: A case report.

Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology
2026

Serum B-Cell Maturation Antigen as a Biomarker for Predicting Outcomes and Monitoring Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

European journal of haematology
2025

An Unusual Presentation of IgM Myeloma.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
2025

Zanubrutinib in the treatment of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Future oncology (London, England)
2025

Outcomes after transition from ibrutinib to zanubrutinib in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia from the ASPEN study.

Blood advances
2025

Coexistence of Essential Thrombocythemia and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report.

Case reports in hematology
2025

Epidemiology, Real-World Treatment, and Economic Burden of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Anonymized Claims Data Between 2010 and 2022.

Value in health regional issues
2025

Distinct molecular subtypes in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood
2025

Rapidly progressive fatal hepatic failure due to IgM-related AL amyloidosis in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: an autopsy case report.

Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH
2025

Mesenteric Mass Causing Bowel Obstruction in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Cureus
2025

An Extremely Rare Cause of Protein-Losing Enteropathy: Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

ACG case reports journal
2025

The Impact of Tirabrutinib Monotherapy for the Treatment of Bing-Neel Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

American journal of hematology
2025

Simultaneous Presentation of Cutaneous Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Acalabrutinib-Related Toxicity.

The American Journal of dermatopathology
2025

Current risk stratification and staging of multiple myeloma and related clonal plasma cell disorders.

Leukemia
2025

Uncommon Entities, Uncommon Challenges: A Review of Rare Plasma Cell Disorders.

Hematology reports
2025

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: The Role of TP53 Mutations in Disease Progression and Therapeutic Response.

Current issues in molecular biology
2025

Progression of IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS) to Symptomatic Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report.

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)
2026

SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | The Optimal Management of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Clinical lymphoma, myeloma &amp; leukemia
2025

Long-term follow-up of venetoclax monotherapy in previously treated patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances
2025

Ibrutinib plus rituximab vs ibrutinib monotherapy in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a pooled analysis.

Blood advances
2025

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance in a Patient With Cryoglobulinemia and Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.

Cureus
2025

Genomic and immune profiling of prognostic risk groups in IgM gammopathy reveals novel biomarkers beyond MYD88 L265P.

Frontiers in immunology
2025

Low-Grade B-Cell Neurolymphomatosis: A Case Series and Diagnostic Insight.

World neurosurgery
2025

[Zanubrutinib treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia complicated by cryoglobulinemia: a case report].

Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi
2025

Second Primary Malignancies and Disease Transformation in Patients With Symptomatic Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia.

Clinical lymphoma, myeloma &amp; leukemia
2025

Hyperviscosity Syndrome: An Oncologic Emergency.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America
2025

Pirtobrutinib is an Effective Salvage Treatment After Ibrutinib in Bing-Neel Syndrome.

American journal of hematology
2025

MYD88 L265P Variant Detection with Droplet Digital PCR in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Clinical Implications as a Tumor Burden and Prognostic Marker.

Annals of laboratory medicine
2025

Macular retinoschisis in a patient with multiple lymphoproliferative malignancies.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports
2025

Cystoid Macular Edema Secondary to Hyperviscosity Syndrome in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report of Multimodal Treatment Response and the Adjunctive Role of Acetazolamide.

The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences
2025

Cutaneous macroglobulinosis with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and Bing-Neel syndrome: A case report.

JAAD case reports
2025

The Amyloidosis Intersection: Dual Amyloid Types in a Single Host.

European journal of haematology
2025

Diagnosis and Management of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Hematological oncology
2025

Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Findings in Anti-myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Antibody Polyneuropathy: A Single Center Review.

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease
2025

Familial aspects of multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia: understanding the predisposition in relatives and the importance of early diagnosis.

Leukemia &amp; lymphoma
2025

Not just amyloidosis: the spectrum of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia-associated renal disease.

Leukemia &amp; lymphoma
2025

Uveal melanoma following Bruton's tyrosine inhibitor use for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports
2025

Prospective study of immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccines in multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances
2025

Final results of a multicentre pilot study evaluating brentuximab vedotin with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide and prednisone (BV-CHEP) for the treatment of aggressive adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma.

British journal of haematology
2025

Amyloidosis-Related Cardiomyopathy Revealing Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report.

Cureus
2025

Synchronous occurrence of Waldenström macroglobulinemia and HER2-positive gastric adenocarcinoma with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a rare case report.

Frontiers in oncology
2025

Report of Consensus Panel 3 from the 12th International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia on the management of patients with high-risk disease.

Seminars in hematology
2025

Report of Consensus Panel 2 from the 12th International Workshop on the management of Bing-Neel syndrome in patients with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Seminars in hematology
2025

Phenotypic Profile of Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia B-Cells: Establishment of a Diagnosis Scoring System and Clinico-Biological Correlations.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
2025

Report of Consensus Panel 1 from the 12th International Workshop on the management of patients with IgM and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia related neuropathy.

Seminars in hematology
2025

Evidence of the modified staging system and comparative performance of IPSS and revised IPSS in a Single-Center Asian cohort with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Leukemia &amp; lymphoma
2025

Report of Consensus Panel 6 from the 12th International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia on Diagnosis and Management of Transformed Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Seminars in hematology
2025

Report of Consensus Panel 4 from the 12th International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia on the management of patients with non-IgM lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

Seminars in hematology
2025

Report of Consensus Panel 5 from the 12th International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia on the management of patients with intolerance or resistance to covalent BTK inhibitors.

Seminars in hematology
2025

Treatment of Anti-Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG) Antibody Neuropathy Using Zanubrutinib in a Patient With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Clinical Vignette.

Cureus
2025

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Diagnosed by Ultrasonography-Guided Biopsy of the Right Perinephric Tumor.

IJU case reports
2025

A multiomic analysis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia defines distinct disease subtypes.

Blood
2025

Targeting BCL2 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: from biology to treatment management.

Frontiers in oncology
2025

Early Recognition of Retinal Signs in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia: Implications for Therapeutic Plasma Exchange.

Journal of clinical apheresis
2025

Outcomes of the transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in hodgkin lymphoma and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study.

Annals of hematology
2025

Clinical analysis of lymphoma with malignant solid tumor simultaneously: a retrospective case series.

Diagnostic pathology
2025

Paraneoplastic leukocytoclastic vasculitis mimicking ulcus cruris as rare initial manifestation of smoldering myeloma IgG kappa.

Annals of hematology
2025

Development and characterization of the novel MYD88 mutated, 6q deleted BCWM.2 cell line for Waldenström macroglobulinaemia.

British journal of haematology
2025

Outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/waldenström macroglobulinemia treated with venetoclax: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

Blood cancer journal
2025

Impact of Comorbidities on Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Taiwan: A Multicenter Study.

JCO global oncology
2025

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review.

OncoTargets and therapy
2025

Current and emerging treatment perspectives for adults with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Expert review of anticancer therapy
2025

CRE25-038: Worsening COPD From Hyperviscosity: A Case Report of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN
2025

Rare Cases of Escherichia coli-Induced Aortitis in Immunocompromised Patients.

JACC. Case reports
2025

Bing-Neel Syndrome: A Missed Opportunity.

Cureus
2025

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: 2025 Update on Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Management.

American journal of hematology
2025

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia - A State-of-the-Art Review: Part 2- Focus on Therapy.

Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases
2025

CXCR4 Inhibition Enhances the Efficacy of CD19 Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Extermination of B-Cell Lymphoma.

International journal of molecular sciences
2025

From interference to insight: pseudo-lipidemia led to the diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

BMC cardiovascular disorders
2025

Depth of Response From Fixed-Duration Treatment Is Associated With Superior Survival in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

American journal of hematology
2025

Composite mantle cell lymphoma with cryptic ins(11;2)(q13;p11.2p11.2)/IGK::CCND1 and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with MYD88 L265P mutation.

Cancer genetics
2025

Zanubrutinib plus Ixazomib and Dexamethasone in Newly Diagnosed Symptomatic Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Phase II Study.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
2025

How I diagnose B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with plasmacytic differentiation.

American journal of clinical pathology
2025

Seminal Vesicle Involvement of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.

Clinical nuclear medicine
2025

Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAM)-Related Cytokines, sCD163, CCL2, and CCL4, as Novel Biomarkers for Overall Survival and Time to Treatment in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia: Emphasis on Asymptomatic WM.

Cells
2025

Salvage treatment after covalent BTKi failure: An unmet need in clinical practice in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

HemaSphere
2025

Zanubrutinib for the treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome.

British journal of haematology
2025

Zanubrutinib in Japanese treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and CLL/SLL.

International journal of hematology
2025

Diagnostic next-generation sequencing to detect MYD88 L265P in Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma compared to ddPCR.

Experimental and molecular pathology
2025

A case of renal infiltration by Bence Jones protein kappa-producing lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

CEN case reports
2025

Single-cell RNA sequencing defines distinct disease subtypes and reveals hypo-responsiveness to interferon in asymptomatic Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Nature communications
2025

Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Developing Renal AA Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
2025

Two Cases of Prurigo Nodularis in Hematologic Malignancies: Hodgkin Lymphoma and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Cureus
2025

Hyperviscosity syndrome in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Transfusion
2025

Chemokine Expression in Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma May Be Involved in the Tumorigenesis of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma: A Case Study.

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)
2025

Covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors across generations: A focus on zanubrutinib.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
2025

Central nervous system involvement in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a comparative population-based study of Bing-Neel syndrome and histological transformation.

Annals of hematology
2025

Exploratory Immunosequencing of an Intracapillary Monoclonal Deposits Disease in a Patient With Subacute Neuro-Renal Syndrome.

Kidney international reports
2025

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome as paraneoplastic syndrome of Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a case report.

CEN case reports
2025

Concomitant Waldenström Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Non-Immunoglobulin M Plasma Cell Neoplasm: A Report of 14 Cases With Laboratory Evidence of Biclonal B-Cell Neoplasms in Individual Patients.

Archives of pathology &amp; laboratory medicine
2025

A case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia diagnosed with facial lesions.

The Journal of dermatology
2024

A Rare Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Transforming Into Waldenström Macroglobulinemia During Ibrutinib Therapy.

Cureus
2024

Successful treatment of relapsed Waldenström's macroglobulinemia with proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and subsequently ixazomib) in combination with rituximab and dexamethasone. A case report and review of the of proteasome inhibitors in Waldenström's….

Klinicka onkologie : casopis Ceske a Slovenske onkologicke spolecnosti
2024

The treatment combination of obinutuzumab, bendamustine and dexamethasone achieved a deeper response than the previous line of treatment in five patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Klinicka onkologie : casopis Ceske a Slovenske onkologicke spolecnosti
2024

IgM Flare in Anti-MAG Neuropathy Post Rituximab Treatment: A Clinical Case and a Systematic Review of the Literature.

Brain sciences
2024

Optimal use of BTK inhibitors in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: combination or single drug approach?

Therapeutic advances in hematology
2024

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia-Induced Cardiac Amyloid Light Chain Amyloidosis.

Ochsner journal
2024

Mutational Landscape of Bone Marrow CD19 and CD138 Cells in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) and IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (IgM MGUS).

Cancer medicine
2024

Uncovering a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia initially manifesting as dizziness detected through abnormal serum lipemia index: A case report.

Medicine
2025

CD23 expression in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: Clinical-pathological and biological correlations.

Histopathology
2024

Sequential Occurrence of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease in a Case of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia in Remission: An Unusual Report with Review.

International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research
2025

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia, a decade after the discovery of MYD88L265P.

Human pathology
2024

Expanded tumor-associated polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia display immune suppressive activity.

Blood cancer journal
2024

Extramedullary disease in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: A population-based observational study.

EJHaem
2024

GLI3 Is Required for M2 Macrophage Polarization and M2-Mediated Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Growth and Survival.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Monoclonal Gammopathy-Associated Neuropathy.

Current hematologic malignancy reports
2024

Two Cases of Macroglobulinemia with Elevated Serum CA125: Case Reports and Literature Review.

Cancer management and research
2025

Expression of MYD88 L265P Mutation in Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Pakistani Population.

Applied immunohistochemistry &amp; molecular morphology : AIMM
2025

"Real-Life" Data of Zanubrutinib in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Acta haematologica
2025

Machine learning based on multiplatform tests assists in subtype classification of mature B-cell neoplasms.

British journal of haematology
2025

Peripheral neuropathy in the phase 3 ASPEN study of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Blood advances
2024

A comparative analysis of transformed indolent lymphomas and de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a population-based cohort study.

Blood cancer journal
2025

Efficacy and safety of bendamustine, rituximab and bortezomib treatment in relapsed/refractory Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia: results of phase 2 single-arm FIL-BRB trial.

British journal of haematology
2024

Clinical Spectrum of Monoclonal Protein and the Factors Associated with Lymphoplasmacytic Malignancies.

Journal of clinical medicine
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Doenças relacionadas

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Referências e fontes

Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo

Publicações científicas

Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.

  1. Prognosis and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma in the United States: a multicenter retrospective study.
    Blood cancer journal· 2026· PMID 41872135mais citado
  2. Quantitative MYD88 L265P and flow cytometry levels for outcome determination in IgM gammopathies: the SAL-TO study.
    Blood advances· 2026· PMID 41855507mais citado
  3. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.
    Indian journal of hematology &amp; blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion· 2026· PMID 41728187mais citado
  4. Evolution of tumor subclones and T-cell dynamics underlie variable ibrutinib responses in Waldenstr&#xf6;m macroglobulinemia.
    Blood· 2026· PMID 41671559mais citado
  5. POD24 is a Novel Determinant of Prognosis in Patients with Waldenstr&#xf6;m Macroglobulinemia.
    Blood advances· 2026· PMID 41499755mais citado
  6. Acalabrutinib in Waldenström macroglobulinemia yields durable responses with 5 years of follow-up.
    Blood Adv· 2026· PMID 41985004recente
  7. Optimizing treatment for Waldenström macroglobulinemia-associated acquired von Willebrand syndrome: a case report and literature review.
    Front Oncol· 2026· PMID 41982238recente
  8. Ring of fire cells: plasma cell-predominant relapse of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
    Blood· 2026· PMID 41954955recente
  9. CD3xCD20 bispecific antibodies in transformed Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
    Hemasphere· 2026· PMID 41939251recente
  10. Bruton protein-tyrosine kinase (BTK) FDA-approved small molecule inhibitors used for the management of neoplastic and inflammatory disorders.
    Pharmacol Res· 2026· PMID 41937093recente

Bases de dados e fontes oficiais

Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.

  1. ORPHA:33226(Orphanet)
  2. MONDO:0100280(MONDO)
  3. GARD:7872(GARD (NIH))
  4. Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
  5. Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
  6. Artigo Wikipedia(Wikipedia)
  7. Q1778287(Wikidata)

Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.

Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar

Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström
Compêndio · Raras BR

Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström

ORPHA:33226 · MONDO:0100280
Prevalência
Unknown
Herança
Multigenic/multifactorial
CID-10
C88.0 · Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström
CID-11
Ensaios
24 ativos
Início
Elderly
Prevalência
0.0 (Worldwide)
MedGen
UMLS
C0024419
EuropePMC
Wikidata
Wikipedia
Papers 10a
Evidência
🥉 Relato de caso
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