É uma condição de desenvolvimento do olho em que um ou os dois olhos são menores do que o normal (microftalmia). Essa condição vem acompanhada de um coloboma, que é uma falha ou fenda em alguma parte da estrutura do olho.
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
A microftalmia colobomatosa é uma condição genética congênita caracterizada pelo nascimento com um ou ambos os olhos menores do que o habitual, acompanhados de uma fenda ou abertura estrutural chamada coloboma. Essa alteração pode comprometer a nitidez da visão, gerar sensibilidade excessiva à claridade e provocar oscilações nos olhos conhecidas como nistagmo. O quadro decorre de variantes em genes que coordenam o desenvolvimento ocular, como SOX2 e TENM3, com herança autossômica dominante ou recessiva. Embora não haja um medicamento curativo ou diretriz de PCDT específica no Brasil, o SUS oferece suporte por meio de exames genéticos e atendimento em reabilitação para doenças raras.
É uma condição de desenvolvimento do olho em que um ou os dois olhos são menores do que o normal (microftalmia). Essa condição vem acompanhada de um coloboma, que é uma falha ou fenda em alguma parte da estrutura do olho.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Entender a doença
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 16 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 50 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Genes associados
16 genes identificados com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal dominant, Autosomal recessive.
Curadoria gene-doença
fontes oficiaisMicrophthalmia, syndromic, 3
A disease characterized by the rare association of malformations including uni- or bilateral anophthalmia or microphthalmia, and esophageal atresia with trachoesophageal fistula. Microphthalmia is a disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues (anophthalmia). In many cases, microphthalmia/anophthalmia occurs in association with syndromes that include non-ocular abnormalities.
Immunodeficiency 124, severe combined
A form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia and low or absent antibody levels. Patients with SCID present in infancy with recurrent, persistent infections by opportunistic organisms. The common characteristic of all types of SCID is absence of T-cell-mediated cellular immunity due to a defect in T- cell development. IMD124 is characterized by a profound T- and B- lymphocytopenia associated with increased cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation, shortened telomeres and premature senescence of hematopoietic stem cells, microcephaly and growth retardation. Some patients may manifest SCID with sensitivity to ionizing radiation without microcephaly and mild growth retardation, probably due to hypomorphic NHEJ1 variants.
Microphthalmia/Coloboma 11
A form of colobomatous microphthalmia, a disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like coloboma, opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, and other abnormalities may also be present. Ocular colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure). MCOPCB11 is an autosomal dominant form with incomplete penetrance.
Microphthalmia, syndromic, 9
A rare clinical entity including as main characteristics anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, and pulmonary hypoplasia or aplasia. Microphthalmia is a disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues (anophthalmia). In many cases, microphthalmia/anophthalmia occurs in association with syndromes that include non-ocular abnormalities.
Dystonia 16
An early-onset dystonia-parkinsonism disorder. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contraction, often leading to abnormal postures. DYT16 patients have progressive, generalized dystonia with axial muscle involvement, oro-mandibular (sardonic smile) and laryngeal dystonia and, in some cases, parkinsonian features.
Optic disk anomalies with retinal and/or macular dystrophy
An ocular disorder characterized by optic nerve dysplasia, optic disk anomalies, chorioretinal dystrophy and macular atrophy. Some patients have microphthalmia.
Klippel-Feil syndrome 3, autosomal dominant
A skeletal disorder characterized by congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae. It is due to a failure in the normal segmentation of vertebrae during the early weeks of fetal development. The clinical triad consists of short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited neck movement.
Microphthalmia/Coloboma 9
A disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, and other abnormalities may also be present. Ocular colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure).
Microphthalmia/Coloboma 7
A disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, and other abnormalities may also be present. Ocular colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure).
Microphthalmia/Coloboma 5
A disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, and other abnormalities may also be present. Ocular colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure).
Focal dermal hypoplasia
A rare congenital ectomesodermal disorder characterized by a combination of skin defects, skeletal abnormalities, and ocular anomalies. Affected individuals have patchy dermal hypoplasia, often in a distribution pattern following the Blaschko lines, and areas of subcutaneous fat herniation or deposition of fat into the dermis. In addition, sparse and brittle hair, hypoplastic nails and papillomas have been described. Skeletal abnormalities usually comprise syndactyly, ectrodactyly, and brachydactyly, and in some cases osteopathia striata has been seen. Patients frequently have ocular anomalies, including microphthalmia/ anophthalmia, coloboma, pigmentary and vascularization defects of the retina. Dental abnormalities are often present.
Retinal dystrophy, iris coloboma, and comedogenic acne syndrome
A disease characterized by retinal degeneration, ocular colobomas involving both the anterior and posterior segment, impaired night vision and loss of visual acuity. Additional characteristic features include developmental abnormalities and severe acne.
Microphthalmia, isolated, 8
A disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, and other abnormalities may also be present.
Microphthalmia, isolated, 2
A disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, and other abnormalities may also be present.
Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant
A skeletal disorder characterized by congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae. It is due to a failure in the normal segmentation of vertebrae during the early weeks of fetal development. The clinical triad consists of short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited neck movement. Deafness is a feature in some cases and may be of sensorineural, conductive, or mixed type.
Microphthalmia, syndromic, 5
Patients manifest unilateral or bilateral microphthalmia/clinical anophthalmia and variable additional features including pituitary dysfunction, coloboma, microcornea, cataract, retinal dystrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis of the optic nerve, agenesis of the corpus callosum, developmental delay, joint laxity, hypotonia, and seizures. Microphthalmia is a disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues (anophthalmia). In many cases, microphthalmia/anophthalmia occurs in association with syndromes that include non-ocular abnormalities.
Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)
315 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.
Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)
Distribuição de 18 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.
Vias biológicas (Reactome)
46 vias biológicas associadas aos genes desta condição.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Microftalmia colobomatosa
Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.
Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.
Pesquisa ativa
Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes
Pesquisa e ensaios clínicos
Nenhum ensaio clínico registrado para esta condição.
Publicações mais relevantes
Intragenic loss-of-function variants in transcription factors MAZ, FOXP1 and SIN3B in colobomatous microphthalmia.
Despite the identification of many genes involved in developmental eye phenotypes, a large percentage of families lack genetic diagnoses, suggesting novel mechanisms remain to be discovered. Large deletions of 16p11.2, 3p14 or 19p13.11 regions involving transcription factors MAZ, FOXP1 and SIN3B, correspondingly, along with other genes, have been previously reported in individuals with neurodevelopmental and variable other features, including ocular coloboma and/or microphthalmia; recently, intragenic variants in FOXP1 and SIN3B have also been shown to cause neurodevelopmental phenotypes, with developmental eye defects reported in a small number of individuals with FOXP1 variants. Through exome sequencing analysis we identified novel splicing variants in MAZ and SIN3B, and a recurrent nonsense allele in FOXP1 in unrelated families affected with colobomatous microphthalmia, all with predicted loss-of-function effects; additionally, we report two new families with coloboma and 16p11.2 genomic deletions including MAZ, one de novo and another inherited from an affected parent. These findings provide further support for a role for FOXP1 in structural eye phenotypes, expanding its spectrum to include colobomatous microphthalmia, and suggest a role for MAZ and SIN3B in human eye development and disease.
Variants in NR6A1 cause a novel oculo vertebral renal syndrome.
Colobomatous microphthalmia is a potentially blinding congenital ocular malformation that can present either in isolation or together with other syndromic features. Despite a strong genetic component to disease, many cases lack a molecular diagnosis. We describe an autosomal dominant oculo-vertebral-renal (OVR) syndrome in six independent families characterized by colobomatous microphthalmia, missing vertebrae and congenital kidney abnormalities. Genome sequencing identified six rare variants in the orphan nuclear receptor gene NR6A1 in these families. We performed in silico, cellular, and zebrafish experiments to demonstrate the NR6A1 variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic for OVR syndrome. Knockdown of either or both zebrafish paralogs of NR6A1 results in abnormal eye, kidney, and somite development, which was rescued by wild-type but not variant NR6A1 mRNA. Illustrating the power of genomic ascertainment in medicine, our study establishes NR6A1 as a critical factor in eye, kidney, and vertebral development, and a pleiotropic gene responsible for OVR syndrome.
Cataract Surgery in Congenital Colobomatous Microphthalmia Associated With Intraorbital Cyst in an Adult.
We report a challenging congenital cataract surgery in an adult case of colobomatous microphthalmia associated with intraorbital cyst.
The Arg99Gln Substitution in HNRNPC Is Associated with a Distinctive Clinical Phenotype Characterized by Facial Dysmorphism and Ocular and Cochlear Anomalies.
Background/Objectives: Heterozygous variants in the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C gene (HNRNPC) have recently been reported to cause intellectual developmental disorder-74 (MRD74), a neurodevelopmental disorder with no recurrent diagnostic handles. Affected individuals show variable, non-specific, and subtle dysmorphic features. The degree of developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID) is also wide, ranging from mild to severe. The mutational spectrum is relatively broad with exon deletions and splice site and frameshift variants distributed along the entire length of the gene leading to HNRNPC loss of function. Only two missense changes located within the RNA-binding motif (RBM) and adjacent linker region of the more abundant isoform (Arg64Trp and Arg99Gln) have been described. Notably, the Arg99Gln amino acid substitution was reported in a subject presenting with a more complex and unique clinical phenotype characterized by distinctive facial features, DD/ID, cochlear aplasia, and bilateral colobomatous microphthalmia, suggesting the possible occurrence of phenotypic heterogeneity. Results: Here, we report the second individual carrying the Arg99Gln change in HNRNPC and having clinical features with a significant overlap with the peculiar phenotype of the previously described subject, supporting the occurrence of a genotype-phenotype correlation. Conclusions: Due to the concomitant occurrence of ocular and cochlear involvement as recognizable diagnostic handles, we propose that the HNRNPCArg99Gln-related phenotype should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in subjects with ID and major signs of CHARGE syndrome not fulfilling the minimum criteria for a clinical diagnosis.
[Bilateral colobomatous microphthalmia with unilateral orbital cyst].
Publicações recentes
Intragenic loss-of-function variants in transcription factors MAZ, FOXP1 and SIN3B in colobomatous microphthalmia.
Cataract Surgery in Congenital Colobomatous Microphthalmia Associated With Intraorbital Cyst in an Adult.
Variants in NR6A1 cause a novel oculo vertebral renal syndrome.
The Arg99Gln Substitution in HNRNPC Is Associated with a Distinctive Clinical Phenotype Characterized by Facial Dysmorphism and Ocular and Cochlear Anomalies.
Variants in NR6A1 cause a novel oculo-vertebral-renal (OVR) syndrome.
📚 EuropePMC22 artigos no totalmostrando 14
Intragenic loss-of-function variants in transcription factors MAZ, FOXP1 and SIN3B in colobomatous microphthalmia.
Journal of medical geneticsCataract Surgery in Congenital Colobomatous Microphthalmia Associated With Intraorbital Cyst in an Adult.
Case reports in ophthalmological medicineVariants in NR6A1 cause a novel oculo vertebral renal syndrome.
Nature communicationsThe Arg99Gln Substitution in HNRNPC Is Associated with a Distinctive Clinical Phenotype Characterized by Facial Dysmorphism and Ocular and Cochlear Anomalies.
GenesVariants in NR6A1 cause a novel oculo-vertebral-renal (OVR) syndrome.
Research square[Bilateral colobomatous microphthalmia with unilateral orbital cyst].
Journal francais d'ophtalmologieDe novo frameshift mutation in YAP1 associated with bilateral uveal coloboma and microphthalmia.
Ophthalmic geneticsNovel mutation in TENM3 gene in an Iranian patient with colobomatous microphthalmia.
Clinical case reportsCompound heterozygous splicing CDON variants result in isolated ocular coloboma.
Clinical geneticsHomozygous frameshift mutations in FAT1 cause a syndrome characterized by colobomatous-microphthalmia, ptosis, nephropathy and syndactyly.
Nature communicationsSequence variations in TENM3 gene causing eye anomalies with intellectual disability: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum.
European journal of medical geneticsA Case of Anterior Segment Dysgenesis with Iridolenticular Adhesions in Trisomy 18.
Journal of pediatric geneticsConfirmation of TENM3 involvement in autosomal recessive colobomatous microphthalmia.
American journal of medical genetics. Part ABosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome: Clinical report and review of the literature.
American journal of medical genetics. Part AAssociações
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Doença com base genética
Um médico geneticista pode ajudar no diagnóstico de Microftalmia colobomatosa e no aconselhamento genético da família.
Doenças relacionadas
Doenças com sintomas parecidos — ajudam quem ainda está buscando diagnóstico
Perguntas frequentes
O que as famílias mais perguntam sobre esta doença — cada resposta com a fonte de onde saiu
Trata-se de uma condição do desenvolvimento do olho em que o globo ocular é menor do que o normal e apresenta uma fenda estrutural chamada coloboma. O quadro surge antes do nascimento ou no período neonatal e pode afetar um ou ambos os olhos.
Referências
Fontes citadas no texto, publicações do grafo e bases de dados usadas neste verbete
6 publicações do grafo RarasNet (PubMed) · 6 bases de dados. Títulos, periódicos e PMIDs vêm direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Citar este verbete
Raras. (s.d.). Microftalmia colobomatosa. Em Raras — Enciclopédia de Doenças Raras do Brasil. https://raras.org/doenca/microftalmia-colobomatosa
Formato APA. Conteúdo sob CC BY 4.0 — reuso livre com atribuição.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
Microftalmia colobomatosa
📋 Origem dos dados
Esta página agrega dados de fontes públicas e oficiais. Dados sobre cobertura no SUS (PCDT, CEAF) são verificados ativamente por agente proativo (ver badge no infobox). Demais dados têm atribuição de fonte + data da última sincronização — clique para abrir o original.
- Doença rara (ontologia)
- fonte: Orphanet
- Identificador unificado
- fonte: MONDO
- Codificação WHO/SUS
- fonte: WHO ICD-10 / DATASUS
- CID-11 (futuro)
- fonte: WHO ICD-11
- NIH/GARD
- fonte: GARD (NIH)
- Indexação biomédica
- fonte: MeSH (NLM)
- Dado público estruturado
- fonte: Wikidata
