From clinical practice to mechanistic insights in ketogenic diets for epilepsy.

[Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) with the claustrum sign in a 55-year-old woman: a case report].

Metabolism-corrected propofol exposure intensity and long-term intelligence quotient in pediatric febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.

An increase in cerebrospinal fluid macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in pediatric patients with acute neuroinflammatory diseases: A preliminary study.

Extreme cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus/febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: Evidence of profound neuroinflammation and neuronal injury.

Pediatric new-onset super refractory status epilepticus: Potential of timely immunotherapy in a resource-limited PICU.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (2026)].

Status Epilepticus in Children With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Literature Review.

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis concurrent with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a child.

Efficacy differences between tocilizumab and ketogenic diet during acute phase of febrile Infection-Related epilepsy syndrome in children: A retrospective cohort study.

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) in adults: a case report and review of factors associated with survival.

Lidocaine as a potential anti-seizure therapy for pediatric FIRES: a promising therapeutic approach.

Ketogenic Diet Therapy for Adult Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): A Case Series of Five Patients and Clinical Efficacy Analysis.

Status Epilepsy Syndromes Made Easy: Pediatric Perspectives.

The symmetrical claustrum sign in pediatric febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: Diagnostic value and clinical implications.

Tocilizumab for super-refractory status epilepticus in children with FIRES: A case series.

Case Report: Successful multimodal management of FIRES in a pediatric patient using anakinra, ketogenic diet, and induced hypothermia.

Beyond Anakinra and Tocilizumab: Additional Adjunctive Therapies in Pediatric New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus and Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome - A Narrative Review.

The spectrum of pediatric acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion presenting as febrile infection-related refractory epilepsy syndrome.

A Case Report of Bartonella henselae-Related New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus / Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Complicated With Stimulus-Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges.

Rediscovering parainfectious encephalopathy in the post-COVID-19 era.

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) in a Young Adult: A Case Report Highlighting Advanced Neuroimaging.

Vagus nerve stimulation combined with ketogenic diet versus ketogenic diet alone in the treatment of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in children: efficacy and long-term prognosis study.

De novo pathogenic CSF1R variant implicates microglial dysfunction in pathogenesis of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Quality of life over time after new onset refractory status epilepticus.

Human herpes virus-7-related severe encephalitis diagnosed using mNGS in immunocompetent pediatric patients.

Standard complete blood count to predict long-term outcomes in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): A multicenter study.

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Update in new-onset refractory status epilepticus and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

[Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome].

CSF IL-6 in children with neuroinflammatory conditions.

Immune dysregulation in new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE): current insights and therapeutic perspectives.

[Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome caused by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report].

Clinical characteristics of 27 children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a single center.

Retrospective multicenter study on cryptogenic NORSE/FIRES patients treated with anakinra.

Adult-Onset Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Treated with Short-Term Anakinra.

Observational Study of Tocilizumab in Children With Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Clinical and neuroimaging features of patients with claustrum sign.

Minocycline in chronic management of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): a case series and literature review of treatment strategies.

Comparative clinical outcomes in children with Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): a case series.

Pediatric new-onset super-refractory status epilepticus (NOSRSE): a case-series.

Performance of cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus score in a Brazilian cohort after testing for antineuronal antibodies with tissue-based and cell-based assays.

A Case Series and Review of Febrile-Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Intrathecal Dexamethasone as a FIRES Extinguisher: A 12-Patient Clinical Experience with Usage of Intrathecal Dexamethasone for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Comparative analysis of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in adult and pediatric patients: immunotherapy timing and functional outcomes.

Adult-onset epilepsy with startle-induced seizure after febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: A case report.

Potential inflammatory mechanisms of the ketogenic diet against febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Diagnosing late-onset PKU in the shadow of refractory seizures.

Clinical outcomes of cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in a tertiary hospital in Singapore: a case series.

Vagus nerve stimulation and fast parameter programming protocol in children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in ICU.

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) in children: a retrospective cohort study.

Potential Role of Perampanel in Reducing Barbiturate Dependency in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: A Case Report.

Combined Systemic Immunotherapy and Intrathecal Dexamethasone in Febrile Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Challenges in Management of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: Real-World Experience From a Large Cohort of Pediatric Patients.

Early intrathecal dexamethasone (IT-Dexa) associated with faster recovery and good outcome in an adolescent with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus and Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Cases in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South of Iran.

Age-associated differences in FIRES: Characterizing prodromal presentation and long-term outcomes via the web-based NORSE/FIRES Family Registry.

Navigating life after New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Insights from caregiver and patient interviews.

Favorable outcomes and FDG-PET changes following tocilizumab treatment for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a child.

Corrigendum: A practical approach to in-hospital management of new-onset refractory status epilepticus/febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome.

Complex Febrile Seizures: Usual and the Unusual.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis with super-refractory status epilepticus.

Communication trends over time in new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE): Interim analysis from the NORSE/FIRES Family Registry.

Successful Management of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Using Cytokine-Directed Therapy.

NORSE/FIRES: how can we advance our understanding of this devastating condition?

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult patient with super-refractory status epilepticus.

International consensus definitions for infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes.

The Efficacy of a Ketogenic Diet in a Case With Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome in the Chronic Phase: A Case Report.

Use of ketamine in Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: a systematic review.

Serial MRI Changes in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): A Clinical and Radiologic Exploration.

Identification of etiologies according to baseline clinical features of pediatric new-onset refractory status epilepticus in single center retrospective study.

Steroid-Responsive Involuntary Movements as a Remote Symptom of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Autoimmune-associated seizure disorders.

FADD gene pathogenic variants causing recurrent febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: Case report and literature review.

NORSE seasonality may vary geographically in adults.

Comparative analysis of patients with new onset refractory status epilepticus preceded by fever (febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome) versus without prior fever: An interim analysis.

Case report: Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a 14-year-old girl with multiple organ failure and lethal outcome.

Efficacy and safety of ketamine for pediatric and adolescent super-refractory status epilepticus and the effect of cerebral inflammatory conditions.

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.

Second-line immunotherapy in new onset refractory status epilepticus.

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with claustrum lesion: an underdiagnosed inflammatory encephalopathy.

The Beneficial Outcome of Subsequent Treatment with Anakinra during the Chronic Phase of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): A Case Report.

Neuroinflammation and status epilepticus: a narrative review unraveling a complex interplay.

Refractory Status Epilepticus Associated With a Pathogenic Variant in TNFRSF13B.

Severe, Refractory Seizures: New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus and Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Rasmussen's syndrome treated with anakinra.

Spectrum, Evolution, and Clinical Relationship of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 31 Children with Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Multimodal Management of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome in a 17-Year-Old Male.

[Electroencephalogram characteristics of 26 children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome].

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in childhood: A clinical review and practical approach.

Timing of therapeutic interventions against infection-triggered encephalopathy syndrome: a scoping review of the pediatric literature.

Severe and rare neurological manifestations following COVID-19 infection in children: A Malaysian tertiary centre experience.

No evidence of neuronal/glial autoantibodies in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): a prospective clinic-serologic analysis.

Real-world experience with cannabidiol as add-on treatment in drug-resistant epilepsy.

The Claustrum Sign in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Neuromodulation in new-onset refractory status epilepticus.

Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Neurological Manifestations in Children: A Large Single-Center Experience With Rare Cases.

CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in FIRES and other infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes.

Claustrum sign in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

A practical approach to in-hospital management of new-onset refractory status epilepticus/febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome.

Claustrum sparing sign in seronegative limbic encephalitis.

Intrathecal Dexamethasone in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: A Case Report.

Perspective: Vagal nerve stimulation in the treatment of new-onset refractory status epilepticus.

Ketogenic diet for super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) with NORSE and FIRES: Single tertiary center experience and literature data.

Early identification of NORSE and transfer to care setting with appropriate supports: A proposed algorithm.

Neuropathology of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE).

Investigating the genetic contribution in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome and refractory status epilepticus.

Cannabidiol in the acute phase of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

Review and standard operating procedures for collection of biospecimens and analysis of biomarkers in new onset refractory status epilepticus.

An in vitro model of drug-resistant seizures for selecting clinically effective antiseizure medications in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

The seasonality of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Long-term neuropsychological outcomes in children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) treated with anakinra.

Treatment of new onset refractory status epilepticus/febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with tocilizumab in a child and a young adult.

Drug-resistant seizures associated with hyperinflammatory monocytes in FIRES.

Cytokines in New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus Predict Outcomes.

Bridging the Gap: Tailoring an Approach to Treatment in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

New-onset refractory status epilepticus and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Myoclonic super-refractory status epilepticus with favourable evolution in a teenager with FIRES: Is the association of vagus nerve stimulation and cannabidiol effective?

Inflammatory epilepsy (FIRES) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): an adult case.

Long-term outcomes of adult cryptogenic febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

Febrile Seizures in Children: A Review.

Early clinical features of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in adults.

Febrile infection-related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): a severe encephalopathy with status epilepticus. Literature review and presentation of two new cases.

Surviving status epilepticus: The patient and family perspective.

Cannabidiol in refractory status epilepticus: A review of clinical experiences.

Connections Between Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome and Autoimmune Encephalitis. A Case Report of a Child With New Anti-neuronal Antibodies.

International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) incl. Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Statements and Supporting Evidence.

International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) including Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Summary and Clinical Tools.

DNM1L mutation presenting as progressive myoclonic epilepsy associated with acute febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Combined immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis treatment for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Enteral lorazepam is a promising weaning strategy for midazolam-responsive febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): a case series.

Anakinra and tocilizumab in the chronic phase of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Effectiveness and safety from a case-series.

Anti-inflammatory and immune-mediated therapy for a case of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with rapid recurrence.

Fever-Associated Seizures or Epilepsy: An Overview of Old and Recent Literature Acquisitions.

A case of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) in young adult: still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.

Multifocal multilobar focal cortical dysplasia type IIa in Febrile Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

An ultra-long new onset refractory status epilepticus: Winning the battle but losing the war?

Zebras Seize the Day: Rare Causes of Status Epilepticus Across the Continuum of Critical Care.

Targeting Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications.

Fighting autoinflammation in FIRES: The role of interleukins and early immunomodulation.

Ketogenic Diet for a Young Adult Patient With Chronic-Phase Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

[A case of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome requiring prolonged intensive care management: a trial of intravenous ketamine and intrathecal dexamethasone therapy].

Specific characteristics and current diagnostic and treatment modalities performance of super refractory status epilepticus in children: A comparative study.

New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) of unknown aetiology: A comparison of the incomparable?

Teaching NeuroImage: Claustrum Sign in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

Deep brain stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus for the treatment of FIRES.

Utility and Safety of Perampanel in Pediatric FIRES and Other Drug-Resistant Epilepsies.

A retrospective study of 92 children with new-onset refractory status epilepticus.

Vagus nerve stimulation for super-refractory status epilepticus in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: a pediatric case report and literature review.

Ketogenic diet (KD) therapy in the acute phase of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): a case report.

Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.

Sevoflurane as bridge therapy for plasma exchange and Anakinra in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Vaccination in acute immune-mediated/inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system.

Dramatic Course of Paediatric Cryptogenic Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome with Unusual Chronic Phase Presentation-A Case Report with Literature Study.

Therapeutic plasma exchange in clinical pediatric neurology practice: Experience from a tertiary referral hospital.

Report of a Child With Febrile Status Epilepticus and Post-COVID Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome.

Considering safety and patient tolerance in the use of ketogenic diet in the management of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review.

Towards a Treatment for Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, Anakinra, as a Potential Treatment in Intractable Epilepsy.

Seizure control after late introduction of anakinra in a patient with adult onset Rasmussen's encephalitis.

Hypothesis: Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome is a microglial NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1 axis-driven autoinflammatory syndrome.

Parental perception of FIRES outcomes, emotional states, and social media usage.

Permanent loss of independence in adult febrile-infection-related epilepsy syndrome survivors: an underestimated and unsolved challenge.

Clinical presentation of new onset refractory status epilepticus in children (the pSERG cohort).

Super-refractory status epilepticus in autoimmune encephalitis treated with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra.

Dietary Management of Children With Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review and Experience in a Single UK Tertiary Centre.

How to Help Your Patients Enroll in the New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) and Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) Family Registry, and Other Rare Epilepsy Registries.

Proposal to optimize evaluation and treatment of Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): A Report from FIRES workshop.

Super refractory status in a case of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome due to hemophagocytic lymphocytic histiocytosis.

New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Diagnosis and Treatment of Status Epilepticus.

Intrathecal dexamethasone therapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Anakinra usage in febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome: an international cohort.

Claustrum hyperintensity: a rare radiological correlate in Niemann-Pick disease.

Interleukin-6 Blockade With Tocilizumab in Anakinra-Refractory Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Improved seizure burden and cognitive performance in a child treated with responsive neurostimulation (RNS) following febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

Inflammation, ictogenesis, and epileptogenesis: An exploration through human disease.

Possible Role of High-Dose Barbiturates and Early Administration of Parenteral Ketogenic Diet for Reducing Development of Chronic Epilepsy in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: A Case Report.

Ketogenic diet and Neuroinflammation.

An atypical case of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome following acute encephalitis: impact of physiotherapy in regaining locomotor abilities in a patient with neuroregression.

Whole-exome and HLA sequencing in Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Diminished toll-like receptor response in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES).

Application of ketogenic diets for pediatric neurocritical care.

Protecting the blossoming brain - Neurocritical care in children.

Efficacy of different treatment modalities for acute and chronic phases of the febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: A systematic review.

Neurocritical care and target immunotherapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Therapeutic hypothermia for pediatric refractory status epilepticus May Ameliorate post-status epilepticus epilepsy.

Extinguishing Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: Pipe Dream or Reality?

Genetic diagnoses in epilepsy: The impact of dynamic exome analysis in a pediatric cohort.

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Treated Successfully With Anakinra in a 21-Year-Old Woman.

Centromedian thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation and Anakinra treatment for FIRES - Two different outcomes.

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): prevalence, impact and management strategies.

Etiology is the key determinant of neuroinflammation in epilepsy: Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid cytokines and chemokines in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome and febrile status epilepticus.

Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in status epilepticus: Biomarkers and implications for therapy.

Therapeutic effect of Anakinra in the relapsing chronic phase of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Ketogenic Diet as a Treatment for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.