Involved in skeletal muscle development and differentiation. Regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and plays a role in myofibril assembly by promoting lateral fusion of adjacent thin fibrils into mature, wide myofibrils. Required for pseudopod elongation in transformed cells

CytoplasmCytoplasm, cytoskeletonCell projection, pseudopodiumCell projection, ruffleCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, M lineSarcoplasmic reticulum membraneEndoplasmic reticulum membrane

Nemaline myopathy 9

An autosomal recessive form of nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathies are muscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness of varying severity and onset, and abnormal thread-like or rod-shaped structures in muscle fibers on histologic examination. NEM9 phenotype is highly variable, ranging from death in infancy due to lack of antigravity movements, to slowly progressive distal muscle weakness with preserved ambulation later in childhood.

Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that acts as a key regulator of skeletal muscle development (PubMed:23746549). The BCR(KLHL40) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of TFDP1, thereby regulating the activity of the E2F:DP transcription factor complex (By similarity). Promotes stabilization of LMOD3 by acting as a negative regulator of LMOD3 ubiquitination; the molecular process by which it negatively regulates ubiquitination of LM

CytoplasmCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, A bandCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, I band

Nemaline myopathy 8

A severe form of nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathies are muscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness of varying severity and onset, and abnormal thread-like or rod-shaped structures in muscle fibers on histologic examination. NEM8 is characterized by fetal akinesia or hypokinesia, followed by contractures, fractures, respiratory failure, and swallowing difficulties apparent at birth. Most patients die in infancy. Skeletal muscle biopsy shows numerous small nemaline bodies, often with no normal myofibrils.

This giant muscle protein may be involved in maintaining the structural integrity of sarcomeres and the membrane system associated with the myofibrils. Binds and stabilize F-actin

Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomereCytoplasm, cytoskeleton

Nemaline myopathy 2

A form of nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathies are muscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness of varying severity and onset, and abnormal thread-like or rod-shaped structures in muscle fibers on histologic examination.

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton

Congenital myopathy 2A, typical, autosomal dominant

A muscular disorder characterized by generalized muscle weakness, delayed motor milestones, hypotonia, and muscle fiber abnormalities on histologic examination. Histologic findings include abnormal thread- or rod-like structures (nemaline rods), intranuclear rods, clumped filaments, cores, or fiber-type disproportion. The spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranges from severe neonatal presentations to onset of a milder disorder in childhood.

Essential for the organization of sarcomeric actin thin filaments in skeletal muscle (PubMed:25250574). Increases the rate of actin polymerization (PubMed:25250574)

CytoplasmCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, M lineCytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, A bandCytoplasm, cytoskeleton

Nemaline myopathy 10

An autosomal recessive severe form of nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathies are muscular disorders characterized by muscle weakness of varying severity and onset, and abnormal thread-like or rod-shaped structures in muscle fibers on histologic examination. NEM10 is characterized by early-onset generalized muscle weakness and hypotonia with respiratory insufficiency and feeding difficulties. Additional features include arthrogryposis or congenital contractures, ophthalmoplegia, a history of prematurity, reduced fetal movements, and polyhydramnios. Most patients die of respiratory failure in early infancy.