Raras
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Síndrome Blau
ORPHA:90340CID-10 · D89.8CID-11 · 4A60.YOMIM 186580DOENÇA RARA

A síndrome de Blau (SB) é uma doença inflamatória sistêmica rara caracterizada por artrite granulomatosa de início precoce, uveíte e erupção cutânea. BS agora se refere à forma familiar e esporádica (anteriormente sarcoidose de início precoce) da mesma doença. O termo proposto artrite granulomatosa pediátrica é atualmente questionado, uma vez que não consegue representar a natureza sistêmica da doença.

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Introdução

O que você precisa saber de cara

📋

A síndrome de Blau (SB) é uma doença inflamatória sistêmica rara caracterizada por artrite granulomatosa de início precoce, uveíte e erupção cutânea. BS agora se refere à forma familiar e esporádica (anteriormente sarcoidose de início precoce) da mesma doença. O termo proposto artrite granulomatosa pediátrica é atualmente questionado, uma vez que não consegue representar a natureza sistêmica da doença.

Pesquisas ativas
4 ensaios
5 total registrados no ClinicalTrials.gov
Publicações científicas
370 artigos
Último publicado: 2025 Oct-Dec

Escala de raridade

CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORPHANET · BRASIL 2024
<1 / 1 000 000
Ultra-rara
<1/50k
Muito rara
1/20k
Rara
1/10k
Pouco freq.
1/5k
Incomum
1/2k
Prevalência
0.0
Europe
Início
Infancy
+ neonatal
🏥
SUS: Sem cobertura SUSScore: 0%
CID-10: D89.8
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Entender a doença

Do básico ao detalhe, leia no seu ritmo

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Sinais e sintomas

O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece

Partes do corpo afetadas

👁️
Olhos
8 sintomas
🧬
Pele e cabelo
7 sintomas
🦴
Ossos e articulações
4 sintomas
❤️
Coração
3 sintomas
👂
Ouvidos
2 sintomas
🫘
Rins
2 sintomas

+ 22 sintomas em outras categorias

Características mais comuns

95%prev.
Erupção papular eritematosa generalizada intermitente
Frequência: 42/44
92%prev.
Artrite
Frequente (79-30%)
90%prev.
Limitação da mobilidade articular
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Sinovite
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Eritema
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Inchaço articular
Muito frequente (99-80%)
56sintomas
Muito frequente (16)
Frequente (6)
Ocasional (26)
Muito raro (1)
Sem dados (7)

Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 56 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.

Erupção papular eritematosa generalizada intermitenteIntermittent generalized erythematous papular rash
Frequência: 42/4495%
ArtriteArthritis
Frequente (79-30%)92%
Limitação da mobilidade articularLimitation of joint mobility
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
SinoviteSynovitis
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
EritemaErythema
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%

Linha do tempo da pesquisa

Publicações por ano — veja quando o interesse científico cresceu
Anos de pesquisa1desde 2026
Total histórico370PubMed
Últimos 10 anos200publicações
Pico202127 papers
Linha do tempo
2026Hoje · 2026🧪 1990Primeiro ensaio clínico📈 2021Ano de pico
Publicações por ano (últimos 10 anos)

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Genética e causas

O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias

Genes associados

1 gene identificado com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal dominant, Not applicable.

NOD2Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2Disease-causing germline mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects bacterial peptidoglycan fragments and other danger signals and plays an important role in gastrointestinal immunity (PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12527755, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:15044951, PubMed:15998797, PubMed:27283905, PubMed:27748583, PubMed:31649195). Specifically activated by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan found in every bacterial peptidoglycan type (PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12527755, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:128719

LOCALIZAÇÃO

Cell membraneBasolateral cell membraneCytoplasmMitochondrion

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (7)
SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responsesNOD1/2 Signaling PathwayTAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation Interleukin-1 signalingJNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Blau syndrome

An autosomal dominant inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of immune granulomas invading the skin, joints and eye. Other organs may be involved. Clinical manifestations are variable and include early-onset granulomatous arthritis, uveitis and skin rash. Blindness, joint destruction and visceral involvement have been reported in severe cases.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Tecido-específico)
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg
18.6 TPM
Vagina
16.5 TPM
Linfócitos
16.2 TPM
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic
15.8 TPM
Sangue
14.2 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (3)
Blau syndromeinflammatory bowel disease 1Yao syndrome
HGNC:5331UniProt:Q9HC29

Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)

105 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.

🧬 NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.1907T>G (p.Leu636Arg) ()
🧬 NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.668A>G (p.Asp223Gly) ()
🧬 NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.950_951del (p.Ser317fs) ()
🧬 NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.2344C>A (p.Gln782Lys) ()
🧬 NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.85G>C (p.Val29Leu) ()
Ver todas no ClinVar

Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)

Distribuição de 1,112 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.

556
556
VUS (50.0%)
Benigna (50.0%)
VARIANTES MAIS SIGNIFICATIVAS
NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.1301A>G (p.His434Arg) [Uncertain significance]
NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.1503dup (p.Asp502fs) [Uncertain significance]
NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.-8-2168A>G [Uncertain significance]
NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.266C>T (p.Ser89Phe) [Uncertain significance]
NOD2: NM_001370466.1(NOD2):c.2468T>C (p.Leu823Pro) [Uncertain significance]

Diagnóstico

Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam

Carregando...

Tratamento e manejo

Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar

Pipeline de tratamentos
Pipeline regulatório — de medicamentos já aprovados a drogas em pesquisa exploratória.
Aprovado1
1Fase 11
·Pré-clínico3
Medicamentos catalogadosEnsaios clínicos· 0 medicamentos · 5 ensaios
Carregando informações de tratamento...

Onde tratar no SUS

Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)

🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Síndrome Blau

🗺️

Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.

Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.

Pesquisa ativa

Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes

🟢 Recrutando agora

4 pesquisas recrutando participantes. Converse com seu médico sobre a possibilidade de participar.

Outros ensaios clínicos

5 ensaios clínicos encontrados, 4 ativos.

Distribuição por fase
Ver todos no ClinicalTrials.gov
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Publicações mais relevantes

Timeline de publicações
208 papers (10 anos)
#1

A case report: Guillain-Barré syndrome probably associated with TNF inhibitor in Blau syndrome.

BMC pediatrics2026 Jan 05

Blau syndrome (BS) is an early-onset autoinflammatory disease, typically characterized by a clinical triad of granulomatous polyarthritis, uveitis and skin lesion. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists (TNF inhibitor, TNFi) are used routinely according to treatment guidelines for several refractory BS therapy. However, peripheral nervous system demyelination related to TNFi is being increasingly recognized. Here, we report a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome probably secondary to an TNFi, Yisaipu, one kind of etanercept biosimilars, which is a rare and usually unpredictable adverse drug reaction of TNFi in BS patients. A 10-year-old girl was diagnosed with BS due to present with skin rash, multiple joint activity limits, NOD2 gene mutation, granulomatous disorders identified from the pathology of skin and synovium biopsy 6 years ago, and treated by corticosteroids and methotrexate (MTX). Then, she discontinued all treatments and follow-up by herself in 2021. Due to a recurrence of BS, Yisaipu and MTX were given again. After 9 months treatment, the patient developed limb pain, a mouth askew with slurred speech, positive nuchal vigidity, muscle weakness, absent knee jerk and ankle reflexes. Laboratory investigations showed a raised protein level and normal cellular count of CSF, positive anti-sulfatides antibody IgM in CSF and peripheral nerve damage of electromyography. Imaging investigations illustrated enhancement signal of ventral roots, dorsal roots and cauda equina of lumbar MRI. TNFi therapy is increasing every year, so more attention should be paid to the safety of TNF inhibitor therapy, especially nervous system demyelination. The assessment about nervous system should be recommended in regular follow-up among patients receiving TNFi therapy.

#2

Blau syndrome with atrophoderma vermiculata-like appearance: a case report.

Frontiers in immunology2026

We report a rare case of Blau syndrome in a 1-year-old boy. The patient presented with characteristic facial manifestations, notably skin lesions exhibiting atrophoderma vermiculates-like appearance; ocular and articular symptoms were notably absent at presentation. Histopathological examination confirmed non-caseating granulomatous inflammatory changes. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified a heterozygous pathogenic mutation (p. Arg307Trp) in the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene. Treatment with oral prednisone combined with topical vitamin E application resulted in a significant improvement of his skin lesions.

#3

NOD2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders and Recent Advances.

Current rheumatology reports2026 Feb 12

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular innate immune sensor. Its functions have been extensively studied. Variants in the NOD2 gene are associated with several human diseases. This report provides a comprehensive review of these diseases and biomedical and immunological roles of NOD2. Blau syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease primarily occurring in children and is caused by highly penetrant NOD2 variants. Approximately 40% of Caucasian patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are associated with three main NOD2 variants of low penetrance. Yao syndrome (YAOS), a recently reported novel disease, possesses characteristic clinical pattern or constellation of recurrent fever, dermatitis, arthralgia, distal leg swelling, gastrointestinal, sicca-like symptoms, and eyelid swelling among others. This disease is associated with specific NOD2 variants including the CD-associated three main variants. Our recent large case-control study of population genetics and haplotype analyses confirms the association between certain NOD2 variants and YAOS and the coinheritance in cis of the commonly encountered variants. Molecular testing is required for the diagnosis of YAOS. The prevalence of the disease is estimated to approach that of CD. There are identified effective drugs to manage this condition. Functional studies of NOD2 have revealed its contribution to both innate and adaptive immune responses, and there are interplays between these cellular components and cytokines. NOD2 has been extensively studied for innate immune response. Specific NOD2 variants are associated with different diseases, highlighting the fact that the same genotype can contribute to different phenotypes. Further studies are warranted to focus on adaptive immunity and bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immune responses in individual diseases.

#4

Vasculitis in autoinflammatory diseases.

Current opinion in rheumatology2026 Jan 01

This review aims to explore the relationship between autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) and vasculitis, with a focus on recently identified syndromes and newly published data since 2016. While the connection between innate immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation is well established in AIDs, the occurrence of vasculitis in these disorders remains underrecognized and often misclassified.We discuss vasculitic manifestations in a wide range of AIDs, including familial Mediterranean fever, DADA2, HA20, VEXAS, CAPS, TRAPS, HIDS/MKD, Blau syndrome, and others. Each condition presents a unique pattern of vascular involvement, ranging from incidental cutaneous findings to life-threatening systemic vasculitis. The underlying mechanisms often involve overactivation of inflammatory pathways such as IL-1β, or NF-κB, and in some cases, novel genetic mutations affecting non-inflammatory pathways such as purine metabolism. The histologic, clinical, and genetic features often differ from classic vasculitic syndromes. Recognizing vasculitis in the context of AIDs is critical for early diagnosis, especially in pediatric patients or those with treatment-resistant or atypical presentations. Genetic testing should be considered in such cases. Understanding these distinct disease patterns allows physicians to tailor management strategies, including biologic therapies or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, improving outcomes in these complex and often severe disorders.

#5

Clinical features, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes of Blau syndrome: a 10-year experience from a Chinese cohort.

Advances in rheumatology (London, England)2026 Feb 11

Publicações recentes

Ver todas no PubMed

📚 EuropePMC218 artigos no totalmostrando 197

2026

Blau syndrome with atrophoderma vermiculata-like appearance: a case report.

Frontiers in immunology
2026

NOD2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders and Recent Advances.

Current rheumatology reports
2026

Clinical features, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes of Blau syndrome: a 10-year experience from a Chinese cohort.

Advances in rheumatology (London, England)
2025

Potential benefits of JAK inhibitor therapy in Blau syndrome: a case report.

Frontiers in immunology
2026

A case report: Guillain-Barré syndrome probably associated with TNF inhibitor in Blau syndrome.

BMC pediatrics
2025

Blau syndrome treated with a combination of Tripterygium wilfordii and corticosteroids: a case description.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery
2025

Exploring the role of NOD2 variants in pediatric undifferentiated recurrent fever: a clinical and functional perspective.

Frontiers in immunology
2025

Flow Cytometric Expression of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (NOD2) Protein: An Effective Screening Tool for Blau Syndrome.

International journal of rheumatic diseases
2025

Severe tenosynovitis with rapidly fluctuating power Doppler activity, a clue for the diagnosis of Blau syndrome: a case report.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2026

Vasculitis in autoinflammatory diseases.

Current opinion in rheumatology
2025

Resolving the field: a role for Nod2 in T cells.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
2025

Case report and review of the literature: a unique presentation of Blau syndrome in a Palestinian family.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2025

Paediatric Ocular Sarcoidosis - Clinical Profiles from a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in South India.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2025

Patterns and Outcomes of Childhood Non-Infectious Uveitis: A Retrospective Cohort and Review of Literature.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2025

Expanding the Cutaneous Presentation of Blau Syndrome, Response to Treatment, and Correlation With Genetics.

Pediatric dermatology
2025

[A rare clinical presentation of a patient with Blau syndrome confirmed by genetic analysis].

Orvosi hetilap
2025

Straight A's: protein acylation in the S-activation and autophagic degradation of NOD-like receptors.

Biochemical Society transactions
2025

Blau Syndrome (Juvenile Systemic Granulomatosis): State-Of-The-Art Review.

Pediatric dermatology
2025

Biopsy-proven granulomatous neuromyopathy in a case of Blau syndrome.

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
2025

Long-term prognosis of 47 pediatric patients with Blau syndrome in China.

BMC pediatrics
2025

Case Report: Blau Syndrome With Thrombocytopenia.

International journal of rheumatic diseases
2025

Retinal Vasculitis in Familial Blau Syndrome.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2025

Blau syndrome with skin rash and tenosynovitis.

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
2025

Effective Treatment of Janus Kinase 1/3 Inhibitor in Blau Syndrome From a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Central China.

The Journal of rheumatology
2025

Genotype-phenotype correlation in a cohort of pediatric patients with autoinflammatory diseases carrying NOD2 variants.

Frontiers in immunology
2025

Treatment of uveitis in Blau syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of autoimmunity
2025

[Monogenic autoinflammatory uveitis].

La Revue de medecine interne
2024

Blau syndrome mimics Takayasu's arteritis: Report of 2 cases with literature review.

Rheumatology and immunology research
2024

Comprehensive clinical phenotype, genotype and therapy in Yao syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology
2025

Towards New Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Molecules Targeting XIAP-BIR2.

ChemMedChem
2024

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?

Microorganisms
2024

Proteomic Profiling of Tears in Blau Syndrome Patients in Identification of Potential Disease Biomarkers.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Blau syndrome-the skin as a warning sign.

Dermatology online journal
2024

Update on ocular manifestations of the main monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases.

Frontiers in ophthalmology
2024

Pulmonary granulomas confirmed in Blau syndrome using TBLC specimens: Case report.

Frontiers in medicine
2024

Blau Syndrome: Challenging Molecular Genetic Diagnostics of Autoinflammatory Disease.

Genes
2024

Role and molecular mechanism of NOD2 in chronic non-communicable diseases.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)
2024

Sarcoidosis-Lymphoma Syndrome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorder: Finding the Zebra and Overcoming Health Disparity Barriers.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
2025

Blau syndrome presenting as lipoma arborescens.

The Lancet. Rheumatology
2024

Late-Onset Panuveitis in a Chinese Girl with Sporadic Blau Syndrome: A Case Report.

Case reports in ophthalmology
2024

Blau Syndrome With Delayed Cutaneous Manifestations: A Case Report.

The American Journal of dermatopathology
2024

Phenotype of Takayasu-like vasculitis and cardiopathy in patients with Blau syndrome.

Clinical rheumatology
2024

Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.19 mg Implant in a Patient with Resistant Blau Syndrome: A Case Report.

Case reports in ophthalmology
2024

Long-Term Visual Outcome of Patients with Blau Syndrome.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2023

A Successful Prevention of Reintubation Using the Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation in a Critically Ill Patient With Impaired Airway Mucus Expectoration: A Case Report.

Cureus
2023

Sarcoid Uveitis in Children.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2024

Molecular diagnostic yield for Blau syndrome in previously diagnosed juvenile idiopathic arthritis with uveitis or cutaneous lesions.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
2023

Case Report: Methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine in combination for the treatment of NOD2-mutation-associated Blau syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology
2023

Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: a single-center, real-world-evidence study.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2023

Ocular involvement in adult and paediatric patients with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: a Spanish multicentre retrospective study.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology
2024

Management of Blau syndrome: review and proposal of a treatment algorithm.

European journal of pediatrics
2023

Ocular sarcoidosis in adults and children: update on clinical manifestation and diagnosis.

Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection
2023

A diagnostic challenge: misdiagnosing Blau syndrome as juvenile dermatomyositis in a pediatric patient.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
2023

Autoinflammatory gene mutations associated with eosinophilia and asthma.

Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2023

Distinct NOD2 mutations reported in three families with Blau syndrome (BS) from a single center in India - Case series and review of literature.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
2023

Blau syndrome with hypertension and hepatic granulomas: a case report and literature review.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2023

Tofacitinib, a suppressor of NOD2 expression, is a potential treatment for Blau syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology
2023

Blau syndrome with persistent fetal vasculature: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports
2023

Imaging inflammation in early-onset sarcoidosis: granulomatous anterior uveitis in a 7-year-old girl.

Lancet (London, England)
2023

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review.

Frontiers in medicine
2023

Blau syndrome with NOD2 mutation in a 54-year-old man: A case report.

International journal of rheumatic diseases
2023

Yao syndrome: Cyclical folliculitis, fevers, and abdominal pain.

JAAD case reports
2023

Sarcoidosis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese.

Microorganisms
2023

Recent advances in the development of RIPK2 modulators for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Frontiers in pharmacology
2023

A Chinese girl of Blau syndrome with renal arteritis and a literature review.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2023

Detection of Propionibacterium acnes in cutaneous lichenoid sarcoidosis in a patient with Blau syndrome.

International journal of dermatology
2022

[Clinical analysis of 49 cases of non-inflammasome related conditions].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics
2022

Incomplete penetrance of NOD2 C483W mutation underlining Blau syndrome.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2022

Blau syndrome NOD2 mutations result in loss of NOD2 cross-regulatory function.

Frontiers in immunology
2022

Blau syndrome: Lessons learned in a tertiary care centre at Chandigarh, North India.

Frontiers in immunology
2022

Treatment of refractory Yao syndrome with canakinumab.

JAAD case reports
2022

Monogenic disorders as mimics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2022

Potential Benefits of TNF Targeting Therapy in Blau Syndrome, a NOD2-Associated Systemic Autoinflammatory Granulomatosis.

Frontiers in immunology
2022

Common condition with uncommon cause: fungal folliculitis in immunosuppressed patient with Blau syndrome.

BMJ case reports
2022

Clinical and immunological study of Tofacitinib and Baricitinib in refractory Blau syndrome: case report and literature review.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease
2022

Progress in the genetics of uveitis.

Genes and immunity
2022

Genetic and Clinical Features of Blau Syndrome among Chinese Patients with Uveitis.

Ophthalmology
2022

Blau syndrome: An under-reported condition in India?

Journal of postgraduate medicine
2022

A Pro-Inflammatory Signature Constitutively Activated in Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases.

International journal of molecular sciences
2021

Manifestation of Panuveitis after Intraocular Surgery in a Child with Blau Syndrome.

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology
2021

Bilateral Optic Disc Swelling as a Plausible Common Ocular Sign of Autoinflammatory Diseases: Report of Three Patients with Blau Syndrome or Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
2021

Multimodal imaging in pediatric uveitis.

Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology
2023

Corneal Ulcers with NOD2 Mutations Presenting with Mixed Syndromic Phenotype.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2021

Tofacitinib effectiveness in Blau syndrome: a case series of Chinese paediatric patients.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2022

Thalidomide may be an effective drug for Blau syndrome: a case report.

Annals of palliative medicine
2021

Experience of Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases in a Turkish pediatric cohort with primary immunodeficiencies.

Allergologia et immunopathologia
2021

Structural localization of pathogenic mutations in the central nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) protein and their inference in inflammatory disorders.

Nucleosides, nucleotides &amp; nucleic acids
2021

[A case of hydrocephalus during the course of sporadic Blau syndrome].

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology
2021

Ocular involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory disease.

Autoimmunity reviews
2021

IMMUNE-MEDIATED INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION. A REVIEW.

Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti
2021

Blau syndrome: a case report from Palestine.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2021

Warm, Sweetened Milk at the Twilight of Immunity - Alzheimer's Disease - Inflammaging, Insulin Resistance, M. paratuberculosis and Immunosenescence.

Frontiers in immunology
2021

A Novel Pathogenic NOD2 Variant in a Mother and Daughter with Blau Syndrome.

Ophthalmic genetics
2022

Anti-TNF treatment corrects IFN-γ-dependent proinflammatory signatures in Blau syndrome patient-derived macrophages.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
2021

Unexpected condition in a rare disease: encephalopathy in early-onset sarcoidosis.

The Turkish journal of pediatrics
2021

Sustained Surface ICAM-1 Expression and Transient PDGF-B Production by Phorbol Myristate Acetate-Activated THP-1 Cells Harboring Blau Syndrome-Associated NOD2 Mutations.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
2021

Anterior Segment-Optical Coherence Tomography features in Blau syndrome.

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy
2021

Blau syndrome with pulmonary nodule in a child.

The Australasian journal of dermatology
2022

Prominent tenosynovitis on ultrasonography: A useful sign for the diagnosis of Blau syndrome.

European journal of rheumatology
2021

First report of liver transplantation in Blau syndrome: The challenges faced in this rare granulomatous liver disease.

Transplant immunology
2021

A novel mutation in early-onset sarcoidosis/Blau syndrome: an association with Propionibacterium acnes.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2021

NOD2 Mutation-Associated Case with Blau Syndrome Triggered by BCG Vaccination.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
2021

Distinguishing Blau Syndrome from Systemic Sarcoidosis.

Current allergy and asthma reports
2021

Sacroiliac involvement in Blau Syndrome.

Joint bone spine
2020

Persistent Tenosynovitis, Steroid Dependency and a Hyperpigmented Scaly Macular Rash in a Child With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Cureus
2020

T cell-intrinsic role for Nod2 in protection against Th17-mediated uveitis.

Nature communications
2020

Ocular manifestations of Blau syndrome.

Current opinion in ophthalmology
2020

Chinese family with Blau syndrome: Mutated NOD2 allele transmitted from the father with de novo somatic and germ line mosaicism.

The Journal of dermatology
2020

Systematic Assessment of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infections from 1911-2019: A Growth Analysis of Association with Human Autoimmune Diseases.

Microorganisms
2021

Overview of the rarest causes of fever in newborns: handy hints for the neonatologist.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association
2021

Whole-Exome Sequencing of Patients With Posterior Segment Uveitis.

American journal of ophthalmology
2020

Clinical characteristics and treatment of 50 cases of Blau syndrome in Japan confirmed by genetic analysis of the NOD2 mutation.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases
2020

Blau Syndrome and Early-Onset Sarcoidosis: A Six Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Archives of rheumatology
2021

RIPK2 NODs to XIAP and IBD.

Seminars in cell &amp; developmental biology
2020

Blau Syndrome: NOD2-related systemic autoinflammatory granulomatosis.

Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia
2020

Whole-exome sequencing in three children with sporadic Blau syndrome, one of them co-presenting with recurrent polyserositis.

Autoimmunity
2020

Ophthalmological treatment of early-onset sarcoidosis/Blau syndrome in a Colombian child: A case report.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports
2021

Clinical Profile in Genetically Proven Blau Syndrome: A Case Series from South India.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2020

Designation of Autoinflammatory Skin Manifestations With Specific Genetic Backgrounds.

Frontiers in immunology
2020

Spectrum of Genetic Autoinflammatory Diseases Presenting with Cutaneous Symptoms.

Acta dermato-venereologica
2020

Camptodactlyly in Pediatric Practice: Blau Syndrome.

The Journal of pediatrics
2020

Computational model to analyze and characterize the functional mutations of NOD2 protein causing inflammatory disorder - Blau syndrome.

Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology
2020

Blau syndrome following a bacterial infection.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
2020

Proposing BCG Vaccination for Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) Associated Autoimmune Diseases.

Microorganisms
2020

Early onset sarcoidosis (Blau syndrome): erosive and often misdiagnosed.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
2020

Blau syndrome: a rare cause of exuberant granulomatous synovitis of the knee.

Skeletal radiology
2021

IMMUNE-MEDIATED INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION. A REVIEW.

Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti
2019

Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath and Tendinopathy as Early Features of Early Onset Sarcoidosis.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2020

Mutual alteration of NOD2-associated Blau syndrome and IFNγR1 deficiency.

Journal of clinical immunology
2020

Pattern and diagnostic evaluation of systemic autoinflammatory diseases other than familial Mediterranean fever among Arab children: a multicenter study from the Pediatric Rheumatology Arab Group (PRAG).

Rheumatology international
2019

Pediatric Sarcoidosis: A Review with Emphasis on Early Onset and High-Risk Sarcoidosis and Diagnostic Challenges.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
2019

Effective treatment of TNFα inhibitors in Chinese patients with Blau syndrome.

Arthritis research &amp; therapy
2019

Cows Get Crohn's Disease and They're Giving Us Diabetes.

Microorganisms
2019

Blau syndrome with a rare mutation in exon 9 of NOD2 gene.

Autoimmunity
2019

Blau Syndrome Associated with Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 Mutation in a Baby from Malaysia.

Indian journal of dermatology
2020

Early-onset granulomatous arthritis, uveitis and skin rash: characterization of skin involvement in Blau syndrome.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
2019

Early-onset sarcoidosis presenting as a generalized papular eruption.

The Journal of dermatology
2019

Somatic mosaicism in adult-onset TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS).

Molecular genetics &amp; genomic medicine
2020

An unusual cause of deforming erosive arthritis in an adult.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
2019

Sporadic Blau syndrome treated with adalimumab.

Clinical and experimental dermatology
2019

Phenotypes and genotypes of Chinese adult patients with systemic autoinflammatory diseases.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism
2019

An Original Description of Granulomatous Liver Cirrhosis in Blau Syndrome.

Digestive diseases and sciences
2019

Blau Syndrome: Report of a Rare Entity with Congenital Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect in a 7-year-old Chinese Girl.

Acta dermato-venereologica
2019

Autoinflammatory disease with focus on NOD2-associated disease in the era of genomic medicine.

Autoimmunity
2021

A young female with early onset arthritis, uveitis, hepatic, and renal granulomas: a clinical tryst with Blau syndrome over 20 years and case-based review.

Rheumatology international
2019

Characterization of Blau syndrome panuveitis with wide-field fluorescein angiography.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports
2020

Ocular Features in Chinese Patients with Blau Syndrome.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2019

NOD2 Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Protects Toward the Development of Inflammation and Associated Carcinogenesis.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology
2018

A Case of Sporadic Blau Syndrome with an Uncommon Clinical Course.

Case reports in rheumatology
2019

Familial Blau syndrome:First molecularly confirmed report from India.

Indian journal of ophthalmology
2018

Autoinflammatory Disease-Associated Vasculitis/Vasculopathy.

Current rheumatology reports
2019

S100A12 and vascular endothelial growth factor can differentiate Blau syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever from systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Clinical rheumatology
2018

Uveitis in sporadic Blau syndrome: Long-term follow-up of a refractory case treated successfully with adalimumab.

Indian journal of ophthalmology
2018

Unique Variant of NOD2 Pediatric Granulomatous Arthritis With Severe 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Mediated Hypercalcemia and Generalized Osteosclerosis.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
2017

Periodic fever syndromes.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical rheumatology
2018

Novel NOD2 Mutation in Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Phenotype.

Inflammatory bowel diseases
2018

S100A12 and S100A8/9 proteins are biomarkers of articular disease activity in Blau syndrome.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
2018

Familial Blau syndrome without uveitis caused by a novel mutation in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 gene with good response to infliximab.

Pediatric dermatology
2018

Using genes to triangulate the pathophysiology of granulomatous autoinflammatory disease: NOD2, PLCG2 and LACC1.

International immunology
2018

The Challenge of Blau Syndrome.

American journal of ophthalmology
2018

Blau-Jabs Syndrome in a Tertiary Ophthalmologic Center.

Ophthalmic surgery, lasers &amp; imaging retina
2018

Widespread papular eruption in an infant.

Clinical and experimental dermatology
2018

PERIVASCULAR GRANULOMATA IN THE RETINA DEMONSTRATED BY EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN A PATIENT WITH BLAU SYNDROME.

Retinal cases &amp; brief reports
2017

The different roles of innate immune receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis between races.

Environmental health and preventive medicine
2018

Blau syndrome with good Reponses to Tocilizumab: A case report and focused literature review.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism
2018

A sporadic case of granulomatous disease negative for NOD2 mutations and mimicking Blau syndrome.

Clinical and experimental dermatology
2018

Identification of a novel missense mutation in the NOD2 gene in a Chinese child with early-onset sarcoidosis.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology
2018

Blau Syndrome-Associated Uveitis: Preliminary Results From an International Prospective Interventional Case Series.

American journal of ophthalmology
2017

A novel nucleotide oligomerisation domain 2 mutation in a family with Blau syndrome: Phenotype and function.

Innate immunity
2017

Co-existence of Blau syndrome and NAID? Diagnostic challenges associated with presence of multiple pathogenic variants in NOD2 gene: a case report.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2017

Oral Macrolides for the Dermatologic Manifestations of Blau Syndrome.

JAMA dermatology
2018

Two Chinese pedigrees of Blau syndrome with thirteen affected members.

Clinical rheumatology
2017

Gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in Chinese children with Blau syndrome.

Science China. Life sciences
2017

The challenge and promise of rare disease diagnosis in China.

Science China. Life sciences
2017

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Provide Longterm Clinical Benefits in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Blau Syndrome.

The Journal of rheumatology
2018

Pluripotent stem cell models of Blau syndrome reveal an IFN-γ-dependent inflammatory response in macrophages.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
2019

INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIODIC FEVER, APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, PHARYNGITIS, AND CERVICAL ADENITIS SYNDROME.

Retinal cases &amp; brief reports
2017

Lipogranulomatous subconjunctival nodules: a novel presentation in Blau syndrome.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
2017

Nod2: The intestinal gate keeper.

PLoS pathogens
2017

Early diagnosis of early-onset sarcoidosis: a case report with functional analysis and review of the literature.

Clinical rheumatology
2016

Monogenic Auto-inflammatory Syndromes: A Review of the Literature.

Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology
2017

Granulomatous & histiocytic dermatitides.

Seminars in diagnostic pathology
2017

The emerging role of interleukin (IL)-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory and degenerative eye diseases.

Clinical rheumatology
2016

A familial case of Blau syndrome caused by a novel NOD2 genetic mutation.

Korean journal of pediatrics
2017

Blau Syndrome: A Systemic Granulomatous Disease of Cutaneous Onset and Phenotypic Complexity.

Pediatric dermatology
2017

Casting the critical regions in nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 protein: a signature mediated structural dynamics approach.

Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics
2017

Vasculitis in the autoinflammatory diseases.

Current opinion in rheumatology
2018

A Novel Mutation in Helical Domain 2 of NOD2 in Sporadic Blau Syndrome.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2018

A Novel NOD2-associated Mutation and Variant Blau Syndrome: Phenotype and Molecular Analysis.

Ocular immunology and inflammation
2016

Nod2-Nodosome in a Cell-Free System: Implications in Pathogenesis and Drug Discovery for Blau Syndrome and Early-Onset Sarcoidosis.

TheScientificWorldJournal
2016

A Case of Blau Syndrome with NOD2 E383K Mutation.

Pediatric dermatology
2017

Diagnosis and Treatment of Blau Syndrome/Early-onset Sarcoidosis, an Autoinflammatory Granulomatous Disease, in an Infant.

Acta dermato-venereologica
2016

Early-onset sarcoidosis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis:A diagnostic dilemma.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology
2016

Crystal structure of NOD2 and its implications in human disease.

Nature communications
2016

NOD2 genetic variants and sarcoidosis-associated uveitis.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports
2016

Primary immunodeficiencies associated with eosinophilia.

Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2016

Intractable leg ulcers in Blau syndrome.

The Journal of dermatology
Ver todos os 218 no EuropePMC

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Doenças relacionadas

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Referências e fontes

Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo

Publicações científicas

Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.

  1. A case report: Guillain-Barr&#xe9; syndrome probably associated with TNF inhibitor in Blau syndrome.
    BMC pediatrics· 2026· PMID 41491690mais citado
  2. Blau syndrome with atrophoderma vermiculata-like appearance: a case report.
    Frontiers in immunology· 2026· PMID 41859084mais citado
  3. NOD2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders and Recent Advances.
    Current rheumatology reports· 2026· PMID 41678017mais citado
  4. Vasculitis in autoinflammatory diseases.
    Current opinion in rheumatology· 2026· PMID 40855977mais citado
  5. Clinical features, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes of Blau syndrome: a 10-year experience from a Chinese cohort.
    Advances in rheumatology (London, England)· 2026· PMID 41673771mais citado
  6. Ocular Sarcoidosis: Contemporary Insights and Future Directions.
    Rom J Ophthalmol· 2025· PMID 41971214recente
  7. Familial Granulomatous Uveitis with Arthritis Suggestive of Blau Syndrome: A Multigenerational Case Series from India.
    Ocul Immunol Inflamm· 2026· PMID 41902739recente
  8. Inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs confers the potent therapeutic effect of carboxyamidotriazole on Blau syndrome.
    Arthritis Res Ther· 2026· PMID 41888882recente

Bases de dados e fontes oficiais

Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.

  1. ORPHA:90340(Orphanet)
  2. OMIM OMIM:186580(OMIM)
  3. MONDO:0008523(MONDO)
  4. GARD:304(GARD (NIH))
  5. Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
  6. Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
  7. Q441077(Wikidata)

Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.

Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar

Síndrome Blau
Compêndio · Raras BR

Síndrome Blau

ORPHA:90340 · MONDO:0008523
Prevalência
<1 / 1 000 000
Herança
Autosomal dominant, Not applicable
CID-10
D89.8 · Outros transtornos especificados que comprometem o mecanismo imunitário não classificados em outra parte
CID-11
Ensaios
4 ativos
Início
Infancy, Neonatal
Prevalência
0.0 (Europe)
MedGen
UMLS
C1861303
EuropePMC
Wikidata
Papers 10a
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