A síndrome de parkinsonismo-espasticidade ligada ao cromossomo X é uma doença neurológica genética rara, caracterizada por sinais e sintomas semelhantes aos do Parkinson. Estes incluem tremores em repouso ou ao fazer movimentos, rigidez muscular (como uma "roda dentada", com interrupções ao mover um membro), pouca expressão facial (hipomimia) e lentidão dos movimentos (bradicinesia). Além disso, está associada a espasticidade (rigidez muscular constante e involuntária) que se manifesta de forma e intensidade variáveis em cada pessoa, reflexos tendinosos profundos exagerados e o sinal de Babinski.
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
A síndrome de parkinsonismo-espasticidade ligada ao cromossomo X é uma doença neurológica genética rara, caracterizada por sinais e sintomas semelhantes aos do Parkinson. Estes incluem tremores em repouso ou ao fazer movimentos, rigidez muscular (como uma "roda dentada", com interrupções ao mover um membro), pouca expressão facial (hipomimia) e lentidão dos movimentos (bradicinesia). Além disso, está associada a espasticidade (rigidez muscular constante e involuntária) que se manifesta de forma e intensidade variáveis em cada pessoa, reflexos tendinosos profundos exagerados e o sinal de Babinski.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 16 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 22 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Genes associados
1 gene identificado com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: X-linked recessive.
Multifunctional protein which functions as a renin, prorenin cellular receptor and is involved in the assembly of the lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and the acidification of the endo-lysosomal system (PubMed:12045255, PubMed:29127204, PubMed:30374053, PubMed:32276428). May mediate renin-dependent cellular responses by activating ERK1 and ERK2 (PubMed:12045255). By increasing the catalytic efficiency of renin in AGT/angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I, may also pla
Endoplasmic reticulum membraneLysosome membraneCytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membraneCell projection, dendritic spine membraneCell projection, axonEndosome membraneCytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle membraneCytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane
Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hedera type
A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRXSH patients manifest mild to moderate intellectual disability associated with epilepsy, delays in motor milestones and speech acquisition in infancy.
Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)
196 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.
Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)
Distribuição de 5 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.
Vias biológicas (Reactome)
2 vias biológicas associadas aos genes desta condição.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Síndrome de parkinsonismo – espasticidade, ligada ao cromossomo X
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Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.
Pesquisa ativa
Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes
Pesquisa e ensaios clínicos
Nenhum ensaio clínico registrado para esta condição.
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British journal of haematologyVEXAS syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and therapeutic strategies.
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CellsMCT8 Deficiency in Two Brothers With a Novel Deletion Mutation in SLC16A2.
Case reports in geneticsPolyarteritis nodosa associated with VEXAS syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a case-control study.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England)New multiplex LC-MS/MS method for lipid biomarker analysis of inherited neurodegenerative metabolic diseases.
Journal of lipid researchImpact of Age-3 Urine Screening on Diagnosis and Treatment Timing in Alport Syndrome.
Kidney international reportsPharmacological increases in circulating ketones fail to alleviate the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present in the Tafazzin knockdown mouse model of Barth syndrome.
Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiquesClinical spectrum of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome carriers: Self-reported survey of 193 carriers.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)Anticodon-edited tRNA enables translational readthrough of COL4A5 premature termination codons.
PloS oneUmbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.
CureusSplice modulation of COL4A5 reinstates collagen IV assembly in an organoid model of Alport syndrome.
JCI insightVEXAS syndrome in rheumatology practice: features from a multicenter cohort in north-east Italy.
Frontiers in immunologyUncovering Proteomic and Biochemical Alterations in Plasma from Lesch-Nyhan Disease Patients.
Cellular and molecular neurobiologyClinical features of hearing loss and genotype-phenotype correlations in Alport syndrome caused by COL4A4 or COL4A5 variants.
Scientific reportsCase Report: VEXAS syndrome with extensive pulmonary, cardiac, and skeletal involvement.
Frontiers in immunologyGene Editing in Cardiac Disease: A Review of the Literature.
Cardiology in reviewMeCP2 regulates telencephalic development in human cerebral organoids.
Cell reportsFunctional evaluation of NAA10 variants in patients with Ogden syndrome.
Psychiatric geneticsConcomitant Mosaic Turner Syndrome and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in 1 of 3 Patients of USP9X Variant-Associated Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Molecular syndromologyPalmitic acid differently modulates extracellular vesicles and cellular fatty acid composition of SGBS adipocytes without impairing their insulin signaling.
Frontiers in endocrinologyHeterogeneity of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Gene Variants: A Genetic Database Analysis in Russia.
International journal of molecular sciencesMisdiagnosis of 99mTc-PYP-positive Danon disease as ATTR-CA: a case report and molecular imaging pitfalls.
BMC cardiovascular disordersDoublecortin-expressing cells are selectively altered in the piriform cortex but not in neurogenic areas of symptomatic Mecp2-heterozygous mice.
NeuroscienceMitochondrial structure and function in OCRL depleted cells.
Frontiers in cell and developmental biologyNDPACX: a newly defined X-linked Parkinsonian syndrome associated with SLC9A6 hemizygote mutation.
Brain communicationsPIGA variants are associated with focal epilepsy with favorable outcome and the sub-molecular effect.
SeizureHematopoietic cell transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a PIDTC report.
Blood advancesComprehensive clinical and immunologic characterization of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in Iran: a 10-year cohort study.
BMC immunologyFemale Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II): Insights From the Hunter Outcome Survey.
JIMD reportsElamipretide: First Approval.
DrugsMecp2 deficiency induces dysphagia in a preclinical model of Rett Syndrome.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologySimpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Associated With a Missense Variant at the Signal Peptide Cleavage Site of GPC3.
American journal of medical genetics. Part ACapsaicin camphor and caffeic acid reduce adipogenesis and promote lipolysis with TRPV1 involvement.
Scientific reportsTargeted fetal NGS panel reveals genetic conditions in sonographically normal fetuses: Insights from a large cohort study.
PloS oneFrom Caudal Regression to Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome: The Decisive Role of Postmortem Examination and Exome Sequencing in Revising a Prenatal Diagnosis.
CureusMonogenic Mimics of Neuroinflammatory Phenotypes in Children and Young Adults: An Evolving Landscape.
Neurology. GeneticsAlbinism: from genetics to cell biology and physiopathology.
Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)Impaired cortical development and translational control in a missense mouse model of DDX3X syndrome.
Disease models & mechanismsWhole-Exome Sequencing Identified a Nonsense Pathogenic Variant in the MITF Gene Associated with Non-syndromic Hearing Loss.
Biochemical geneticsVEXAS syndrome with eosinophilia and pathologically mimicking histiocytosis: a case report.
Modern rheumatology case reportsCase Report: A novel TTN gene variant and a concurrent rare COL4A4 gene variant in a Chinese patient with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Frontiers in cardiovascular medicineA Novel STAG2 Frameshift Variant in Mullegama-Klein-Martinez Syndrome with Complex Conotruncal Heart Defect.
GenesCongenital adrenal hypoplasia with neurodevelopmental delay due to contiguous Xp21 deletion: a case series with review of literature.
Endocrine journalA cytoplasmic clue in a man with febrile illness: VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome.
The British journal of dermatologyDeficient Cardiolipin Remodeling Alters Muscle Fiber Composition and Neuromuscular Connectivity in Barth Syndrome.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologyLong-read sequencing reveals extensive FMR1 somatic mosaicism in Fragile-X associated tremor/ataxia syndrome in human brain.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologyMonitoring Variant Allele Fraction in VEXAS Syndrome: A Comparison of Digital PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing.
EJHaemClinical variation in Lowe syndrome: what and how?
Frontiers in cell and developmental biologyReal-world disease burden and health care resource utilization for patients with Barth syndrome.
Journal of medical economicsEpidemiology and Healthcare Resource Utilization of Rett Syndrome in Canada: The Ontario Experience.
The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiquesEvaluation and follow-up of newborns screening positive for mucopolysaccharidosis II: Results from an international modified Delphi consensus.
Molecular genetics and metabolismElamipretide: The first cardiolipin-directed mitochondrial therapeutic for Barth syndrome approved under accelerated approval.
Drug discoveries & therapeuticsLongitudinal Characterization of Males With X-Linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency: Final Results of a Multiyear Observational Study.
Pediatric neurologyGastrointestinal symptoms in adults with Fabry disease and their associations with physical and mental health.
BMC gastroenterologyAutosomal Dominant Alport Syndrome Diagnosed in an Elderly Man.
CureusMonogenic defects in Russian children with autism spectrum disorders.
World journal of clinical pediatricsAtypical case of Rett syndrome with concurrent MECP2 gene mutation and del(15)(q22qter) karyotype: A case report and review of literature.
World journal of clinical pediatricsCardiovascular Collapse During Scoliosis Surgery in a Patient With Coffin-Lowry Syndrome and Mesocardia.
Cureus[Endothelial dystrophies and degenerations of the cornea].
Klinische Monatsblatter fur AugenheilkundeUnravelling the Puzzle: Highlighting a Case of VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Mimicker Presented With Inflammatory Symptoms and Pancytopenia.
CureusFrom RAAS blockade to regenerative medicine: evolving treatment strategies in Alport syndrome.
Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)Prominent U-waves without QT prolongation in X-linked creatine transporter deficiency caused by SLC6A8 variants.
Heart rhythmA rare variant of USP9X associated with female-restricted X-linked syndromic intellectual disability.
Molecular biology reportsAssociações
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- Second allogeneic stem cell transplantation for XMEN disease.
- Systematic reassessment of reported variants in individuals with suspicion of Alport spectrum disorder reveals a high rate of ambiguous results.
- Disturbed mitochondrial maturation in cardiolipin remodeling-deficient cardiomyocytes.
- Preclinical efficacy and safety assessment of engineered regulatory T cells for treatment of IPEX and other autoimmune disorders.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy· 2026· PMID 41832599mais citado
- Cerebellar hypoplasia caused by CASK deficiency.
- Polyarteritis nodosa associated with VEXAS syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a case-control study.
- A rare variant of USP9X associated with female-restricted X-linked syndromic intellectual disability.
- Periorbital oedema, trismus, myalgia as muscular manifestations of VEXAS syndrome: a case report and narrative literature review.
- [VEXAS syndrome].
- [Immuno'logical (The scientific updates you wouldn't dare to read anywhere else): The hidden face of VEXAS syndrome].
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:363654(Orphanet)
- OMIM OMIM:300911(OMIM)
- MONDO:0010482(MONDO)
- Distonia e Espasticidade(PCDT · Ministério da Saúde)
- GARD:17567(GARD (NIH))
- Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Q55782498(Wikidata)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
