Deubiquitinase that mediates 'Lys-63'-linked deubiquitination of tight junction proteins, such as MARVELD2 and LSR, and which is involved in the survival of auditory hair cells and hearing (PubMed:32124521, PubMed:39587316). Specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains composed of at least 3 ubiquitin molecules, while it is not able to deubiquitinate substrates with shorter ubiquitin chains: recognizes ubiquitin chain in position S2 and catalyzes en bloc cleavage of polyubiquitin ch

Cell junction, tight junction

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 7, with or without hearing loss

An autosomal recessive form of progressive cholestasis, a disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. Some PFIC7 patients develop hearing loss in childhood.

Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted d Involved in SSU pre-rRNA proce

Nucleus, nucleolusChromosome

Involved in the negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, probably acting as an adapter that allows ubiquitination of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA) by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase COP1, and promotes ACACA degradation (PubMed:39920308). The adapter function requires the C-terminal proline-rich domain and may be apart from the kinesin motor activity (Probable)

Cytoplasm, cytoskeletonCell projection, cilium

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 8

An autosomal recessive form of progressive cholestasis, a disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. PFIC8 onset is in early infancy.

Key regulator of abscission step in cytokinesis: part of the cytokinesis checkpoint, a process required to delay abscission to prevent both premature resolution of intercellular chromosome bridges and accumulation of DNA damage. Together with CHMP4C, required to retain abscission-competent VPS4 (VPS4A and/or VPS4B) at the midbody ring until abscission checkpoint signaling is terminated at late cytokinesis. Deactivation of AURKB results in dephosphorylation of CHMP4C followed by its dissociation

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosomeCleavage furrowMidbody, Midbody ring

Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions (PubMed:10358072, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17412826). Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene E4), and thyroid hormones (T4/L-thyroxine, and T3/3,3',5'-triiodo-L-th

Basolateral cell membraneBasal cell membrane

Hyperbilirubinemia, Rotor type

An autosomal recessive form of primary conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Affected individuals develop mild jaundice not associated with hemolysis shortly after birth or in childhood. They have delayed plasma clearance of the unconjugated anionic dye bromsulphthalein and prominent urinary excretion of coproporphyrin I. Hepatic pigmentation is normal.

May play a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments and in membrane docking/fusion reactions of late endosomes/lysosomes. Required for proper trafficking and targeting of the collagen-modifying enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) to intracellular collagen (PubMed:28017832). Mediates phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages (PubMed:18474358). Proposed to be involved in endosomal maturation implicating VIPAS39. In epithelial cells, the VPS33B:VIPAS39 complex may play a role

Late endosome membraneLysosome membraneEarly endosomeCytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicleRecycling endosome

Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 1

An autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with characteristics of congenital joint contractures, renal tubular dysfunction, neonatal cholestasis with bile duct hypoplasia and low gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity, severe failure to thrive, ichthyosis, and a defect in platelet alpha-granule biogenesis. Most patients do not survive past the first year of life.

Energy-dependent phospholipid efflux translocator that acts as a positive regulator of biliary lipid secretion. Functions as a floppase that translocates specifically phosphatidylcholine (PC) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the canalicular membrane bilayer into the canaliculi of hepatocytes. Translocation of PC makes the biliary phospholipids available for extraction into the canaliculi lumen by bile salt mixed micelles and therefore protects the biliary tree from the detergent activity o

Cell membraneApical cell membraneMembrane raftCytoplasmCytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 3

A disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease before adulthood. PFIC3 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Proposed to be involved in endosomal maturation implicating in part VPS33B. In epithelial cells, the VPS33B:VIPAS39 complex may play a role in the apical RAB11A-dependent recycling pathway and in the maintenance of the apical-basolateral polarity (PubMed:20190753). May play a role in lysosomal trafficking, probably via association with the core HOPS complex in a discrete population of endosomes; the functions seems to be independent of VPS33B (PubMed:19109425). May play a role in vesicular traff

CytoplasmCytoplasmic vesicleEarly endosomeRecycling endosomeLate endosome

Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis syndrome 2

A multisystem disorder, characterized by neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, renal tubular dysfunction and neonatal cholestasis with bile duct hypoplasia and low gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Platelet dysfunction is common.

Catalyzes the transport of the major hydrophobic bile salts, such as taurine and glycine-conjugated cholic acid across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner, therefore participates in hepatic bile acid homeostasis and consequently to lipid homeostasis through regulation of biliary lipid secretion in a bile salts dependent manner (PubMed:15791618, PubMed:16332456, PubMed:18985798, PubMed:19228692, PubMed:20010382, PubMed:20398791, PubMed:22262466, PubMed:24711118, Pub

Apical cell membraneRecycling endosome membraneEndosomeCell membrane

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 2

A disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease before adulthood. PFIC2 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Serine/threonine protein kinase that may be involved in the regulation of pre-mRNA processing. It may phosphorylate components of nuclear splice factor compartments (SFC), such as non-snRNP splicing factors containing a serine/arginine-rich domain (SR proteins). Reversible phosphorylation of SR proteins may cause their release into the nucleoplasm and change their local concentration, thereby influencing alternative splicing

Golgi apparatusCytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosomeNucleus speckleEndoplasmic reticulum membraneCell membraneCytoplasm

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 13

A form of progressive cholestasis, a disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. PFIC13 is an autosomal recessive form characterized by progressive liver dysfunction and chronic renal failure often associated with unilateral renal agenesis and glomerulosclerosis.

May be involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation. Required in a complex with RAB11A and RAB11FIP2 for the transport of NPC1L1 to the plasma membrane. Together with RAB11A participates in CFTR trafficking to the plasma membrane and TF (transferrin) recycling in nonpolarized cells. Together with RAB11A and RAB8A participates in epithelial cell polarization. Tog

Cytoplasm

Diarrhea 2, with microvillus atrophy, with or without cholestasis

A disease characterized by onset of intractable life-threatening watery diarrhea during infancy. Two forms are recognized: early-onset microvillus inclusion disease with diarrhea beginning in the neonatal period, and late-onset, with first symptoms appearing after 3 or 4 months of life.

Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids (BAs) such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and allocholic acid (ACA). Plays a essential role in BA homeostasis through the regulation of genes involved in BA synthesis, conjugation and enterohepatic circulation. Also regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis and is involved innate immune response (PubMed:10334992, PubMed:10334993, PubMed:21383957, PubMed:22820415). The FXR-RXR heterodimer binds

Nucleus

ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to enable active transport of various substrates including many drugs, toxicants and endogenous compound across cell membranes. Transports a wide variety of conjugated organic anions such as sulfate-, glucuronide- and glutathione (GSH)-conjugates of endo- and xenobiotics substrates (PubMed:10220572, PubMed:10421658, PubMed:11500505, PubMed:16332456). Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of mono- and bis-

Apical cell membrane

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, an increase in the urinary excretion of coproporphyrin isomer I, deposition of melanin-like pigment in hepatocytes, and prolonged retention of sulfobromophthalein, but otherwise normal liver function.

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) that catalyzes phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase the metabolite's water solubility, thereby facilitating excretion into either the urine or bile (PubMed:12181437, PubMed:15472229, PubMed:18004206, PubMed:18004212, PubMed:18719240, PubMed:19830808, PubMed:23288867, PubMed:15231852, PubMed:21422672, PubMed:38211441). Essential for the elimination and detoxification of drugs, xenobiot

Endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytoplasm, perinuclear region

Gilbert syndrome

Occurs as a consequence of reduced bilirubin transferase activity and is often detected in young adults with vague non-specific complaints.

Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions (PubMed:10779507, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17412826). Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) (PubMed:10779507, PubMed:11159893, PubMed:12568656, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17

Basolateral cell membraneBasal cell membrane

Hyperbilirubinemia, Rotor type

An autosomal recessive form of primary conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Affected individuals develop mild jaundice not associated with hemolysis shortly after birth or in childhood. They have delayed plasma clearance of the unconjugated anionic dye bromsulphthalein and prominent urinary excretion of coproporphyrin I. Hepatic pigmentation is normal.

Plays a role in tight junctions and adherens junctions (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, potentially via mediating downstream transcriptional activity (By similarity)

Cell junction, adherens junctionCell membraneCell junction, tight junctionNucleus

Hypercholanemia, familial, 1

A disorder characterized by elevated serum bile acid concentrations, itching, and fat malabsorption.

Plays an important role in integrin-mediated signaling and functions both in regulating cell migration and immune responses. Promotes formation of focal adhesion complexes, activation of the protein kinase PTK2/FAK1 and subsequent phosphorylation of MAPK1 and MAPK3. Promotes production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages. Plays an important role in modulating inflammation and T-cell-mediated immune responses. Promotes axon growth in the embryonic olfactory bulb. Promotes a

Cell membrane

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 11

An autosomal recessive form of progressive cholestasis, a disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease.

Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood (PubMed:16317684). Efficiently transports the major species of bile acids (taurocholate) (PubMed:16317684). Taurine conjugates are transported more efficiently across the basolateral membrane than glycine-conjugated bile acids (By similarity). Can also transport steroids such as estrone 3-sulfate and dehydroep

Cell membraneEndoplasmic reticulum membrane

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 6

An autosomal recessive form of progressive cholestasis, a disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. PFIC6 patients have elevated liver transaminases and congenital diarrhea.

Catalytic component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholines (PC), from the outer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PubMed:17948906, PubMed:25315773). May participate in the establishment of the canalicular membrane integrity by ensuring asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the canicular membrane (By similarity). Thus may have a role in the regulation of bile acids transpo

Cell membraneApical cell membraneCell projection, stereociliumEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatus

Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 1

A disorder characterized by early onset of cholestasis that progresses to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease before adulthood. PFIC1 inheritance is autosomal recessive.