É um tipo de tumor, benigno (não canceroso) ou maligno (canceroso), que pode surgir no cérebro ou na medula espinhal. Ele se desenvolve a partir das células gliais, que são células de suporte presentes no sistema nervoso. Os tumores que se originam dos astrócitos são chamados de tumores astrocíticos ou astrocitomas. Aqueles que surgem dos oligodendrócitos são conhecidos como tumores oligodendrogliais. Já os tumores que se desenvolvem a partir das células ependimárias são chamados de ependimomas.
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
O glioma é um tumor que se forma a partir das células de apoio do sistema nervoso, podendo atingir o cérebro ou a medula espinhal. A pessoa acometida pode sentir fraqueza muscular, alterações visuais, dores de cabeça com náuseas ou dificuldades de linguagem. No Brasil, a condição não conta com um protocolo clínico específico na lista de doenças raras, mas é atendida pelos serviços oncológicos do SUS. Centenas de estudos clínicos mundiais continuam investigando novas formas de tratamento, inclusive com centros de estudo no Brasil.
É um tipo de tumor, benigno (não canceroso) ou maligno (canceroso), que pode surgir no cérebro ou na medula espinhal. Ele se desenvolve a partir das células gliais, que são células de suporte presentes no sistema nervoso. Os tumores que se originam dos astrócitos são chamados de tumores astrocíticos ou astrocitomas. Aqueles que surgem dos oligodendrócitos são conhecidos como tumores oligodendrogliais. Já os tumores que se desenvolvem a partir das células ependimárias são chamados de ependimomas.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 66 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 137 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Genes associados
30 genes identificados com associação a esta condição.
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria 2
A neurometabolic disorder causing developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Both a mild and a severe phenotype exist. The severe phenotype is homogeneous and is characterized by early infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy and cardiomyopathy. The mild phenotype has a more variable clinical presentation. Diagnosis is based on the presence of an excess of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine.
Glioma
Gliomas are benign or malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells. They comprise astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme that are derived from astrocytes, oligodendrogliomas derived from oligodendrocytes and ependymomas derived from ependymocytes.
Schwannomatosis, vestibular
An autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome characterized by the development of multiple benign nerve sheath tumors called schwannomas, particularly affecting the vestibular nerve. Affected individuals usually present with bilateral vestibular schwannomas but can have schwannomas on other cranial, spinal, and peripheral/cutaneous nerves. Meningiomas are common, whereas 20 to 35% of affected individuals develop intramedullary spinal cord tumors called ependymomas. The condition is also characterized by several ophthalmic features such as lenticular opacities, retinal hamartoma, epiretinal membranes.
Lung cancer
A common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.
Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 2
A form of ectoderma dysplasia, a heterogeneous group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures. This form of ectodermal dysplasia is associated with decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and certain interferons, rendering patients susceptible to infection. EDAID2 inheritance is autosomal dominant.
Glioma
Gliomas are benign or malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells. They comprise astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme that are derived from astrocytes, oligodendrogliomas derived from oligodendrocytes and ependymomas derived from ependymocytes.
Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 1
A familial cancer syndrome predisposing to renal or extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors and to a variety of tumors of the central nervous system, including choroid plexus carcinoma, medulloblastoma, and central primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Rhabdoid tumors are the most aggressive and lethal malignancies occurring in early childhood.
Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 6
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset in infancy of severe progressive nephrotic syndrome resulting in end-stage renal failure and sensorineural deafness. Renal biopsy usually shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Leukemia, acute myelogenous
A subtype of acute leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells. AML is a malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by maturational arrest of hematopoietic precursors at an early stage of development. Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts occurs in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myelogenous leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes.
Pfeiffer syndrome
A syndrome characterized by the association of craniosynostosis, broad and deviated thumbs and big toes, and partial syndactyly of the fingers and toes. Three subtypes are known: mild autosomal dominant form (type 1); cloverleaf skull, elbow ankylosis, early death, sporadic (type 2); craniosynostosis, early demise, sporadic (type 3).
Noonan syndrome 5
A form of Noonan syndrome, a disease characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphic features such as hypertelorism, a downward eyeslant and low-set posteriorly rotated ears, and a high incidence of congenital heart defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other features can include a short neck with webbing or redundancy of skin, deafness, motor delay, variable intellectual deficits, multiple skeletal defects, cryptorchidism, and bleeding diathesis. Individuals with Noonan syndrome are at risk of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by excessive production of myelomonocytic cells.
Retinitis pigmentosa 86
A form of retinitis pigmentosa, a retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well. RP86 is an autosomal recessive form.
Achondroplasia
A frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. It is characterized by a long, narrow trunk, short extremities, particularly in the proximal (rhizomelic) segments, a large head with frontal bossing, hypoplasia of the midface and a trident configuration of the hands. ACH is an autosomal dominant disease.
Tumor predisposition syndrome 3
An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an increased risk for the development of various types of benign and malignant neoplasms throughout life, with age-dependent penetrance. Affected individuals can develop neoplasms involving epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuronal tissues, as well as lymphoid and myeloid cancers. The disorder is associated with elongated telomeres.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 58
A form of epileptic encephalopathy, a heterogeneous group of severe early-onset epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures, neurodevelopmental impairment, and poor prognosis. Development is normal prior to seizure onset, after which cognitive and motor delays become apparent. DEE58 is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first days or months of life.
Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)
150 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.
Vias biológicas (Reactome)
220 vias biológicas associadas aos genes desta condição.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Glioma
Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.
Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.
Pesquisa ativa
Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes
Ensaios em destaque
Com ensaio aberto em 38 países. O ponto verde marca onde há vaga agora.
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Outros ensaios clínicos
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Para tumores neuroectodérmicos raros do ovário, de difícil diagnóstico e tratamento, este estudo explorou a aplicação do perfil de metilação de DNA. Essa técnica permitiu classificar esses tumores em subtipos moleculares semelhantes aos do sistema nervoso central (SNC), oferecendo insights cruciais para um diagnóstico mais preciso, prognóstico (inclusive a identificação de subtipos com desfechos muito ruins) e a potencial aplicação de estratégias terapêuticas já utilizadas para tumores cerebrais.
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O diagnóstico e tratamento de tumores gliais, especialmente glioblastomas, são grandes desafios para médicos e pacientes devido à sua complexidade e à dificuldade de acesso a essas áreas cerebrais. Este artigo destaca os aptâmeros – moléculas com alta especificidade – como uma abordagem inovadora e promissora. Eles podem aprimorar o diagnóstico, tornando-o mais preciso e menos invasivo (via exames de imagem ou biópsia líquida), e melhorar a visualização do tumor durante cirurgias. Além disso, os aptâmeros permitem a entrega direcionada de medicamentos e terapias diretamente às células tumorais, visando maior eficácia e redução de efeitos colaterais, prometendo melhores resultados para os pacientes no futuro.
🇧🇷 traduzidoEnvironmental Hazards and Glial Brain Tumors: Association or Causation?
Este artigo destaca a importância crucial de identificar fatores de risco ambientais para tumores cerebrais gliais, como o glioblastoma, devido ao seu prognóstico grave e opções de tratamento limitadas. Além de causas estabelecidas como irradiação cerebral e síndromes genéticas, o uso de tabaco é considerado um fator provável, impactando não só o DNA mas também o microambiente tumoral. Compreender e verificar esses riscos é fundamental para que médicos e pacientes possam adotar medidas preventivas, melhorar o manejo clínico e fazer escolhas de estilo de vida que possam reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento ou progressão desses tumores.
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Este artigo científico destaca que tumores gliais raramente se espalham para fora do sistema nervoso, sendo a metástase para a medula óssea algo excepcionalmente incomum. O estudo descreve um caso raro dessa ocorrência, oferecendo informações cruciais para médicos sobre como diagnosticar e compreender padrões incomuns de disseminação em tumores gliais. Isso é vital para que estejam cientes dessa possibilidade, embora rara, no manejo e acompanhamento de pacientes.
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Indian journal of pathology & microbiologyβ-Catenin marks proliferating endothelial cells in glioblastoma.
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International journal of molecular sciencesExpression of glutamate carboxypeptidase II in the glial tumor recurrence evaluated in vivo using radionuclide imaging.
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Chemico-biological interactionsBerberine Photo-Activation Potentiates Cytotoxicity in Human Astrocytoma Cells through Apoptosis Induction.
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Indian journal of pathology & microbiologyGenome editing of Nf1, Pten, and Trp53 in neonatal mice induces glioblastomas positive for oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2.
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Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of NeuropathologyMultiprong control of glioblastoma multiforme invasiveness: blockade of pro-inflammatory signaling, anti-angiogenesis, and homeostasis restoration.
Cancer metastasis reviewsGanglioside Composition Distinguishes Anaplastic Ganglioglioma Tumor Tissue from Peritumoral Brain Tissue: Complementary Mass Spectrometry and Thin-Layer Chromatography Evidence.
International journal of molecular sciencesAnalyses of DNA Methylation Profiling in the Diagnosis of Intramedullary Astrocytomas.
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurologyC-methionine-PET-guided Gamma Knife radiosurgery boost as adjuvant treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastomas.
Surgical neurology internationalA Rare Case of a High-Grade Astroblastoma with 5-Year Follow-up.
Asian journal of neurosurgeryClinical features, radiological profiles, pathological features and surgical outcomes of pituicytomas: a report of 11 cases and a pooled analysis of individual patient data.
Military Medical ResearchC4-T3 Replacement Laminoplasty and Microsurgical Resection of Ependymoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.
Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)Epidemiology and Survival of Patients With Brainstem Gliomas: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER Database.
Frontiers in oncologyNimotuzumab therapy in the treatment of pediatric central nervous system tumors: single-center experience.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacologyBlood-Based Biomarkers for Glioma in the Context of Gliomagenesis: A Systematic Review.
Frontiers in oncologySubcutaneous Sacro Coccygeal Myxopapillary Ependymoma: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature Reappraising Its Current Diagnostic Approach and Management.
CureusA Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials.
CancersSuccessful treatment of an adult patient with diffuse midline glioma employing olaparib combined with bevacizumab.
Investigational new drugsRapid estimation of tumor cell percentage in brain tissue biopsy samples using inline cartridge extraction mass spectrometry.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry[Histomolecular diagnosis of glial and glioneuronal tumours].
Annales de pathologieClassification of neoplastic and inflammatory brain disease using MRI texture analysis in 119 dogs.
Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology AssociationA Simple Panel of IDH1 and P53 in Differential Diagnosis Between Low-Grade Astrocytoma and Reactive Gliosis.
Clinical pathology (Thousand Oaks, Ventura County, Calif.)Functional connectivity of the default mode, dorsal attention and fronto-parietal executive control networks in glial tumor patients.
Journal of neuro-oncologyGliomatosis Cerebri Growth Pattern: Association of Differential First-Line Treatment with Overall Survival in WHO Grade II and III Gliomas.
OncologyGlioblastoma with a primitive neuroectodermal component: two cases with implications for glioblastoma cell-of-origin.
Clinical imaging[Features of the neuroradiological picture of ganglioglioma on the example of 20 clinical cases].
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. KorsakovaProfiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players.
Oncology lettersMolecular Features and Prognostic Factors of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A Collaborative Investigation of the Tohoku Brain Tumor Study Group.
Neurologia medico-chirurgicaThe Botanical Drug PBI-05204, a Supercritical CO2 Extract of Nerium Oleander, Inhibits Growth of Human Glioblastoma, Reduces Akt/mTOR Activities, and Modulates GSC Cell-Renewal Properties.
Frontiers in pharmacologyA juvenile case of epilepsy-associated, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type/histone 3 wild-type diffuse glioma with a rare BRAF A598T mutation.
Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of NeuropathologyMultinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum: Two cases and review of the literature.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgeryMultiple retinal astrocytic hamartomas in siblings with lebers congenital amaurosis: a case series and review of literature.
BMC ophthalmologyElevated plasma 20S proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity is correlated with IL-8 levels and associated with an increased risk of death in glial brain tumor patients.
PloS oneProteoglycans as Therapeutic Targets in Brain Cancer.
Frontiers in oncologyComparative cerebrospinal fluid metabolites profiling in glioma patients to predict malignant transformation and leptomeningeal metastasis with a potential for preventive personalized medicine.
The EPMA journalClinical, radiological and molecular characterization of intramedullary astrocytomas.
Acta neuropathologica communications68Ga PSMA PET/MR in the differentiation of low and high grade gliomas: Is 68Ga PSMA PET/MRI useful to detect brain gliomas?
European journal of radiologyAnaplastic Astrocytoma: State of the art and future directions.
Critical reviews in oncology/hematologyLeukemia-Associated Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor and Ras Homolog Family Member C Play a Role in Glioblastoma Cell Invasion and Resistance.
The American journal of pathologyNCI-CONNECT: Comprehensive Oncology Network Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors-Histone Mutated Midline Glioma Workshop Proceedings.
Neuro-oncology advancesSymptomatic cerebral vasospasm in the setting of carmustine wafer placement for glioblastoma: A case presentation and review of literature.
Surgical neurology internationalTROY signals through JAK1-STAT3 to promote glioblastoma cell migration and resistance.
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)Intraoperative MRI guidance for right deep fronto-temporal glioma resection: how I do it.
Acta neurochirurgicaCaprylic (Octanoic) Acid as a Potential Fatty Acid Chemotherapeutic for Glioblastoma.
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acidsInvestigation of the Effects of MicroRNA-221 Expression Levels in Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumors.
Anticancer researchCOVID-19-Associated Encephalitis Mimicking Glial Tumor.
World neurosurgeryIrisin, an exercise myokine, potently suppresses tumor proliferation, invasion, and growth in glioma.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental BiologyDiffuse midline glioma of the cervical spinal cord with H3 K27M genotype phenotypically mimicking anaplastic ganglioglioma: a case report and review of the literature.
Brain tumor pathologyGlucosinolates and phenolic compounds rich broccoli extract: Encapsulation by electrospraying and antitumor activity against glial tumor cells.
Colloids and surfaces. B, BiointerfacesPediatric Lymphoma and Solid Tumors Associated With Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes.
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncologyDevelopment of a Rapid and Sensitive IDH1/2 Mutation Detection Method for Glial Tumors and a Comparative Mutation Analysis of 236 Glial Tumor Samples.
Molecular diagnosis & therapyHigh expression of estrogen receptor alpha and aromatase in glial tumor cells is associated with gender-independent survival benefits in glioblastoma patients.
Journal of neuro-oncologyThe role of diffusion tractography in refining glial tumor resection.
Brain structure & function[Recurrent High-grade Astroblastoma Treated with Stereotactic Radiotherapy:A Case Report].
No shinkei geka. Neurological surgeryComparison of Immunogenetic Properties of Glial Tumors with Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.
Turkish neurosurgeryAngiocentric glioma: Drop Metastases to the Spinal Cord.
World neurosurgeryMalignant transformation of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and differential diagnosis: case report.
BMC neurologyIncreased Twist and ZEB2 expression in a cutaneous metastasis of high-grade glioma.
Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of NeuropathologyRecurrent Extradural Myxopapillary Ependymoma With Oligometastatic Spread.
Frontiers in oncology[Pseudo-tumor form of neuro-Behçet disease: case study and literature review].
The Pan African medical journalA rare case of intracranial extra-axial ependymoma.
Ultrastructural pathologyThe correlation of fractional anisotropy parameters with Ki-67 index, and the clinical implication in grading of non-enhancing gliomas and neuronal-glial tumors.
Magnetic resonance imagingDemography, Pattern of Care, and Survival in Patients with Xanthoastrocytoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis of 325 Cases.
Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceTivantinib Hampers the Proliferation of Glioblastoma Cells via PI3K/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling.
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical researchDiagnostic value of fusion of metabolic and structural images for stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors without enhancement after contrast medium injection.
Neuro-ChirurgiePerinatal complex low- and high-grade glial tumor harboring a novel GIGYF2-ALK fusion.
Pediatric blood & cancerA Novel Highly Selective Cannabinoid CB2 Agonist Reduces in vitro Growth and TGF-beta Release of Human Glial Cell Tumors.
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistryEvaluation of Diffusion Anisotropy and Diffusion Shape in Grading of Glial Tumors.
Journal of biomedical physics & engineeringAssociações
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Um médico geneticista pode ajudar no diagnóstico de Glioma e no aconselhamento genético da família.
Doenças relacionadas
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É um tumor originado nas células gliais de suporte do cérebro ou da medula espinhal. Ele pode ser benigno ou maligno, dividindo-se em astrocitomas, oligodendrogliomas e ependimomas.
Referências
Fontes citadas no texto, publicações do grafo e bases de dados usadas neste verbete
9 publicações do grafo RarasNet (PubMed) · 7 bases de dados. Títulos, periódicos e PMIDs vêm direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Citar este verbete
Raras. (s.d.). Glioma. Em Raras — Enciclopédia de Doenças Raras do Brasil. https://raras.org/doenca/glioma
Formato APA. Conteúdo sob CC BY 4.0 — reuso livre com atribuição.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
Glioma
📋 Origem dos dados
Esta página agrega dados de fontes públicas e oficiais. Dados sobre cobertura no SUS (PCDT, CEAF) são verificados ativamente por agente proativo (ver badge no infobox). Demais dados têm atribuição de fonte + data da última sincronização — clique para abrir o original.
- Doença rara (ontologia)
- fonte: Orphanet
- Identificador unificado
- fonte: MONDO
- NIH/GARD
- fonte: GARD (NIH)
- Indexação biomédica
- fonte: MeSH (NLM)
- Dado público estruturado
- fonte: Wikidata
- Ensaios clínicos
- fonte: ClinicalTrials.gov
