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Homocistinúria por deficiência de metilenotetraidrofolato redutase
ORPHA:395CID-10 · E72.1CID-11 · 5C63.1OMIM 236250DOENÇA RARA

A homocistinúria por deficiência de metileno tetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) é um distúrbio metabólico caracterizado por manifestações neurológicas.

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Introdução

O que você precisa saber de cara

📋

A homocistinúria por deficiência de metileno tetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) é um distúrbio metabólico caracterizado por manifestações neurológicas.

Escala de raridade

CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORPHANET · BRASIL 2024
Unknown
Ultra-rara
<1/50k
Muito rara
1/20k
Rara
1/10k
Pouco freq.
1/5k
Incomum
1/2k
Prevalência
0.0
Worldwide
Início
Infancy
+ neonatal
🏥
SUS: Cobertura mínimaScore: 20%
Triagem neonatal (Fase 2)CID-10: E72.1
🇧🇷Dados SUS / DATASUS
PROCEDIMENTOS SIGTAP (7)
0202010279
Dosagem de aminoácidos (erros inatos)metabolic_test
0202010295
Dosagem de ácidos orgânicos na urinagenetic_test
0202010490
Teste de triagem para erros inatos do metabolismonewborn_screening
0202010694
Sequenciamento completo do exoma (WES)rehabilitation
0202080013
Teste do pezinho (triagem neonatal)nutritional
0301070040
Atendimento em reabilitação — doenças raras
+1 outros procedimentos
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Sinais e sintomas

O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece

Partes do corpo afetadas

🧠
Neurológico
25 sintomas
👁️
Olhos
3 sintomas
🩸
Sangue
3 sintomas
💪
Músculos
2 sintomas
❤️
Coração
2 sintomas
📏
Crescimento
2 sintomas

+ 15 sintomas em outras categorias

Características mais comuns

90%prev.
Espasticidade do membro inferior
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Fraqueza muscular do membro inferior
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Anormalidade morfológica do sistema nervoso central
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Hiperhomocistinemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Cistationinemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Comportamento atípico
Muito frequente (99-80%)
54sintomas
Muito frequente (10)
Frequente (9)
Ocasional (21)
Muito raro (10)
Sem dados (4)

Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 54 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.

Espasticidade do membro inferiorLower limb spasticity
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Fraqueza muscular do membro inferiorLower limb muscle weakness
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Anormalidade morfológica do sistema nervoso centralMorphological central nervous system abnormality
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
HiperhomocistinemiaHyperhomocystinemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
CistationinemiaCystathioninemia
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%

Linha do tempo da pesquisa

Publicações por ano — veja quando o interesse científico cresceu
Anos de pesquisa11
Últimos 10 anos97publicações
Pico201914 papers
Linha do tempo
20202015Hoje · 2026🧪 2018Primeiro ensaio clínico📈 2019Ano de pico
Publicações por ano (últimos 10 anos)

Triagem neonatal (Teste do Pezinho)

👶
Teste: MS/MS (espectrometria de massas em tandem)
Fase 2 do PNTNin_rollout
Incidência no Brasil: 1:10.000 (coletivo)

A triagem neonatal permite diagnóstico precoce e início imediato do tratamento.

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Genética e causas

O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias

Genes associados

1 gene identificado com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal recessive.

MTHFRMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)Disease-causing germline mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a cosubstrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine (PubMed:29891918). Represents a key regulatory connection between the folate and methionine cycles (Probable)

LOCALIZAÇÃO

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (1)
Metabolism of folate and pterines
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Homocystinuria due to deficiency of N(5,10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity

An autosomal recessive inborn error of folate metabolism. Clinical severity is variable, ranging from severe neurologic features to absence of symptoms. Clinical features include homocysteinuria, homocysteinemia, developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, perinatal death, psychiatric disturbances, and later-onset neurodegenerative disorders.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Ovário
25.6 TPM
Nervo tibial
24.0 TPM
Pulmão
21.5 TPM
Baço
21.4 TPM
Tireoide
20.6 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (6)
homocystinuria due to methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiencyisolated anencephalyisolated exencephalyneural tube defects, folate-sensitive
HGNC:7436UniProt:P42898

Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)

298 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.

🧬 MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.919C>T (p.Gln307Ter) ()
🧬 MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.1603C>G (p.Arg535Gly) ()
🧬 MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.799C>T (p.Gln267Ter) ()
🧬 MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.200C>T (p.Pro67Leu) ()
🧬 MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.1844ACT[1] (p.Tyr616del) ()
Ver todas no ClinVar

Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)

Distribuição de 819 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.

123
532
164
Patogênica (15.0%)
VUS (65.0%)
Benigna (20.0%)
VARIANTES MAIS SIGNIFICATIVAS
MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.919C>T (p.Gln307Ter) [Likely pathogenic]
MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.799C>T (p.Gln267Ter) [Pathogenic]
MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.200C>T (p.Pro67Leu) [Likely pathogenic]
MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.1603C>G (p.Arg535Gly) [Uncertain significance]
MTHFR: NM_005957.5(MTHFR):c.1034G>T (p.Arg345Leu) [Uncertain significance]

Vias biológicas (Reactome)

1 via biológica associada aos genes desta condição.

Diagnóstico

Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam

Carregando...

Tratamento e manejo

Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar

Pipeline de tratamentos
Pipeline regulatório — de medicamentos já aprovados a drogas em pesquisa exploratória.
·Pré-clínico1
Medicamentos catalogadosEnsaios clínicos· 0 medicamentos · 1 ensaio
Carregando informações de tratamento...

Onde tratar no SUS

Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)

🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Homocistinúria por deficiência de metilenotetraidrofolato redutase

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Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.

Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.

Pesquisa ativa

Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes

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Publicações mais relevantes

Timeline de publicações
0 papers (10 anos)
#1

Novel MTHFR variants manifesting with hereditary spastic paraplegia and recurrent pulmonary embolism: a case report and literature review of adult-onset severe MTHFR deficiency.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026 Jan 20

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the MTHFR gene. Although clinical heterogeneity is well recognized, the condition rarely presents as spastic paraplegia with onset in adulthood. We report a case associated with two novel MTHFR pathogenic variants manifesting this clinical phenotype. We describe a 45-year-old Chinese man who developed a spastic gait at age 38, followed by lower limb weakness at age 43. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed mild leukoencephalopathy. Laboratory tests identified severe hyperhomocysteinemia. Whole-exome sequencing was performed with screening of genes associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, including all adult-onset cases with detailed clinical and genetic information available up to October 2025. Genetic analysis identified three MTHFR variants: c.891T > A (p.Tyr297Ter), c.1916 C > T (p.Thr639Ile), and c.665 C > T (p.Ala222Val). A total of 28 patients from 17 families were identified through the literature review. This study expands the spectrum of pathogenic MTHFR variants and highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder. MTHFR deficiency represents a rare yet treatable metabolic cause of spastic paraplegia and should be considered in its diagnostic workup.

#2

Development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based enzymatic assay of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.

Scientific reports2025 Jul 02

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is the most common folate metabolism disorder. MTHFR is a key enzyme in the folate cycle that catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl THF). A definitive diagnosis of MTHFR deficiency relies on enzymatic studies of fibroblasts and/or molecular genetic analyses. The accurate measurement of the MTHFR enzyme activity is crucial for diagnosing and predicting disease severity, which is traditionally performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. We developed a novel method for assessing the MTHFR enzymatic activity using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The MTHFR enzymatic reaction was conducted in fibroblasts, and the product, 5-methyl THF, was quantified by LC-MS/MS. The MTHFR activity was evaluated in 13 control individuals and five individuals with MTHFR deficiency. The 5-methyl THF concentration was successfully measured in all cases, and the validation trial demonstrated adequate accuracy and precision. Control fibroblasts exhibited an MTHFR activity ranging from 240.1 to 624.0 pmol/min/mg protein (mean = 338.5 pmol/min/mg), while MTHFR-deficient fibroblasts showed a markedly lower activity (2.99-51.3 pmol/min/mg protein). Although our study is associated with some limitations, we present a sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS based assay for diagnosing MTHFR deficiency.

#3

Impaired folate metabolism reshapes auditory response profiles and impairs loudness perception in MTHFR-deficient mice.

Neurobiology of disease2025 May

Folate metabolism, regulated by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), is crucial for proper neurodevelopment, and disruptions-whether due to genetic polymorphisms or maternal nutritional deficits-have been linked to cognitive and behavioral impairments. Notably, MTHFR-deficient mouse models display altered social interaction and auditory communication, hinting at disruptions in auditory-related circuits and prompting the question of whether impaired folate metabolism might also affect sound processing and perception. Here, using two-photon calcium imaging, we show that MTHFR deficiency increases both spontaneous and sound-evoked activity in the auditory cortex and significantly shifts neuronal response profiles, which in turn elevates perceived loudness while reducing sound-level discrimination. These findings underscore the potential role of compromised folate metabolism in driving the atypical auditory responses and may have broader relevance for understanding sensory dysfunction in various neurodevelopmental conditions.

#4

RNA sequencing combined with whole-exome sequencing revealed familial homocystinemia due to MTHFR deficiency and its complex splicing events.

Gene2025 Feb 05

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, MIM #607093) is a key enzyme in the folate cycle that catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-MTHF) to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), a critical step for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease and the most common congenital defect in folate metabolism. A deficiency in MTHFR results in elevated serum homocysteine levels. In this study, we evaluated a patient diagnosed with epilepsy and elevated homocysteine levels, who carried compound heterozygous variants c.781-6G>A and c.1316T>C in the MTHFR gene. We primarily focused on the unreported non-canonical splicing variants c.781-6G>A in this patient and identified several complex splicing variant patterns. The c.1316T>C variant results in a substitution of leucine at position 439 with proline and this variant has been previously reported and is considered pathogenic. Our study mainly utilized RNA-seq and TA cloning to reveal the complex splicing patterns exhibited by this non-canonical splicing variant. Additionally, this finding was confirmed through in vitro experiments. This provided deeper insights into the underlying reasons for the patient's disease manifestation. Furthermore, despite apparently normal circulating folate and vitamin B12, we found two family members to exhibit mildly elevated homocysteine levels. While these individuals did not present overt clinical symptoms, the potential harm associated with high homocysteine levels should not be overlooked. This study not only provides additional genetic evidence for the clinical diagnosis of the patient but also broadens our understanding of the clinical manifestations of MTHFR deficiency.

#5

Severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency caused by a new mutation: A case report and literature review.

Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences2024 Aug 28

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the MTHFR gene, leading to a variety of clinical manifestations. In October 2022, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University admitted a 21-year-old male patient with neuropsychiatric disorders, presenting primarily with cognitive decline, limb tremors, abnormal mental and behavioral symptoms, seizures, and gait disturbances. These symptoms had gradually developed over 5 years, worsening significantly in the past year. The patient's plasma homocysteine levels were 10 times higher than normal, and brain MRI revealed brain atrophy and significant abnormal signals in the bilateral paraventricular nuclei and heads of the bilateral caudate nuclei. Further genetic testing identified a paternal mutation c.1604G>A (p.R535Q) and a maternal mutation c.227T>G (p.L76R) of the MTHFR gene. After betaine supplementation, the plasma homocysteine levels decreased within a week, and the symptoms improved. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency. The c.227T>G (p.L76R) mutation represents a novel missense mutation in the MTHFR gene associated with MTHFR deficiency, but further research is needed to confirm its potential pathogenicity. Early treatment with betaine can fully reverse the symptoms. 亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)缺乏症是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传疾病,由MTHFR基因突变引起,具有多种临床表现。中南大学湘雅二医院于2022年10月收治1例21岁男性患者,患有神经精神障碍,主要表现为认知能力下降、肢体震颤、精神和行为异常、癫痫发作、步态障碍,这些症状在5年内逐渐发展,并在最近1年中恶化。患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)明显高于正常水平的10倍,脑MRI显示脑萎缩,双侧室旁核和双侧尾状核头部有明显异常信号,通过进一步的基因检测鉴定出MTHFR基因的父系突变c.1604G>A(p.R535Q)和母系突变c.227T>G(p.L76R)。补充甜菜碱1周后,患者血浆HCY下降,症状改善。患者最终诊断为MTHFR缺乏引起的严重高同型半胱氨酸血症。c.227T>G(p.L76R)是MTHFR基因相关MTHFR缺乏症的一种新的错义突变,但需要更多的研究来证实其可能的致病性。经过早期甜菜碱治疗后该病可完全逆转。. 亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)缺乏症是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传疾病,由MTHFR基因突变引起,具有多种临床表现。中南大学湘雅二医院于2022年10月收治1例21岁男性患者,患有神经精神障碍,主要表现为认知能力下降、肢体震颤、精神和行为异常、癫痫发作、步态障碍,这些症状在5年内逐渐发展,并在最近1年中恶化。患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)明显高于正常水平的10倍,脑MRI显示脑萎缩,双侧室旁核和双侧尾状核头部有明显异常信号,通过进一步的基因检测鉴定出MTHFR基因的父系突变c.1604G>A(p.R535Q)和母系突变c.227T>G(p.L76R)。补充甜菜碱1周后,患者血浆HCY下降,症状改善。患者最终诊断为MTHFR缺乏引起的严重高同型半胱氨酸血症。c.227T>G(p.L76R)是MTHFR基因相关MTHFR缺乏症的一种新的错义突变,但需要更多的研究来证实其可能的致病性。经过早期甜菜碱治疗后该病可完全逆转。

Publicações recentes

Ver todas no PubMed

📚 EuropePMCmostrando 97

2026

Novel MTHFR variants manifesting with hereditary spastic paraplegia and recurrent pulmonary embolism: a case report and literature review of adult-onset severe MTHFR deficiency.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
2025

Development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based enzymatic assay of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.

Scientific reports
2025

Impaired folate metabolism reshapes auditory response profiles and impairs loudness perception in MTHFR-deficient mice.

Neurobiology of disease
2024

Severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency caused by a new mutation: A case report and literature review.

Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences
2025

RNA sequencing combined with whole-exome sequencing revealed familial homocystinemia due to MTHFR deficiency and its complex splicing events.

Gene
2024

Clinical, biochemical, molecular characteristics and clinical outcome of hyperhomocysteinemia in Malaysian children.

Clinical biochemistry
2024

Comparison of Cystathionine Beta-Synthase (CBS) and Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Deficiency in Children with Homocystinuria.

Indian journal of pediatrics
2024

MTHFR gene polymorphisms in diabetes mellitus.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry
2024

Outcomes after newborn screening for propionic and methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinurias.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2024

[Analysis of 9 patients with adolescence-onset methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics
2024

Late-onset 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency with subacute disturbance of consciousness.

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
2024

A case of MTHFR deficiency characterized by adult-onset spastic paraplegia.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians
2023

Dental complications in homocystinurias.

Molecular genetics and metabolism reports
2023

Evaluation of the clinical, biochemical, and genetic presentation of neonatal and adult-onset 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency in patients from Pakistan.

Journal of pediatric endocrinology &amp; metabolism : JPEM
2023

Contribution of Genetic Test to Early Diagnosis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Deficiency: The Experience of a Reference Center in Southern Italy.

Genes
2023

Adolescent/Adult-Onset Leukodystrophy with MTHFR Deficiency - A Treatable Cause.

Neurology India
2023

Yoga: A Natural Solution to Decrease Disease Burden in Children of MTHFR Deficient Parents.

La Clinica terapeutica
2023

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and high-dose FA supplementation disrupt embryonic development of energy balance and metabolic homeostasis in zebrafish.

Human molecular genetics
2022

Novel compound heterozygous mutations of MTHFR Gene in a Chinese family with homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency.

BMC medical genomics
2022

Mild methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency accelerates liver triacylglycerol and uric acid accumulation in fructose-fed mice.

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)
2022

From resveratrol to ISIDE11: how to activate SIRT1 and improve endothelial function? New therapeutic insights for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
2022

SIRT1 pharmacological activation rescues vascular dysfunction and prevents thrombosis in MTHFR deficiency.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
2022

Influence of early identification and therapy on long-term outcomes in early-onset MTHFR deficiency.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2022

Postauthorization safety study of betaine anhydrous.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

A Glance into MTHFR Deficiency at a Molecular Level.

International journal of molecular sciences
2022

Hypoventilation and progressive encephalopathy in a neonate with MTHFR deficiency.

BMJ case reports
2022

Variable neurological phenotypes of homocystinuria caused by biallelic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variants.

Clinical dysmorphology
2021

Reversible leukoencephalopathy and cerebral atrophy in homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency: A treatable metabolic disorder.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

Pilot Study on Neonatal Screening for Methylmalonic Acidemia Caused by Defects in the Adenosylcobalamin Synthesis Pathway and Homocystinuria Caused by Defects in Homocysteine Remethylation.

International journal of neonatal screening
2021

Shifting landscapes of human MTHFR missense-variant effects.

American journal of human genetics
2021

Maternal Folic Acid Intake and Methylation Status of Genes Associated with Ventricular Septal Defects in Children: Case-Control Study.

Nutrients
2021

Paternal MTHFR deficiency leads to hypomethylation of young retrotransposons and reproductive decline across two successive generations.

Development (Cambridge, England)
2021

Moderate Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnant Mice Results in Altered Methyl Metabolism and in Sex-Specific Placental Transcription Changes.

Molecular nutrition &amp; food research
2021

Dysregulation of homocysteine homeostasis in acute intermittent porphyria patients receiving heme arginate or givosiran.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

Derangement of hepatic polyamine, folate, and methionine cycle metabolism in cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient homocystinuria in the presence and absence of treatment: Possible implications for pathogenesis.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2020

Development of a Pharmacogenetic Lab-on-Chip Assay Based on the In-Check Technology to Screen for Genetic Variations Associated to Adverse Drug Reactions to Common Chemotherapeutic Agents.

Biosensors
2020

The 1316T>C missenses mutation in MTHFR contributes to MTHFR deficiency by targeting MTHFR to proteasome degradation.

Aging
2020

L-methylfolate, a new option in psychiatric treatment, would it be linked to psoriasis relapse?

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
2020

[Remethylation disorders: about two cases].

Annales de biologie clinique
2021

Association between MTHFR polymorphisms (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C) and recurrent implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics
2021

Clinical and molecular characterization of adult patients with late-onset MTHFR deficiency.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

Adolescent/adult-onset homocysteine remethylation disorders characterized by gait disturbance with/without psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline: a series of seven cases.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
2021

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency as a Cause of Treatable Adult-onset Leukoencephalopathy and Myelopathy.

Clinical neuroradiology
2020

[Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a newborn with mutation of MTHFR C677T treated with enoxaparin].

Revista chilena de pediatria
2020

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency: A Case Report.

AANA journal
2020

Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency.

Indian journal of pediatrics
2022

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency alters cellular response after ischemic stroke in male mice.

Nutritional neuroscience
2020

Sequential multiple retinal vein occlusions and transient ischemic attack in MTHFR polymorphism and protein S deficiency.

Molecular genetics &amp; genomic medicine
2020

An unusually high plasma concentration of homocysteine resulting from a combination of so-called "secondary" etiologies.

Clinical biochemistry
2020

Adult-onset methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.

BMJ case reports
2020

SNPs in folate pathway are associated with the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, a meta-analysis.

Bioscience reports
2019

[Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase deficiency and anesthesia: importance of a detailed preoperative evaluation].

Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)
2019

Early treatment using betaine and methionine for a neonate with MTHFR deficiency.

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
2019

Determination and interpretation of MTHFR gene mutations in gynecology and internal medicine.

Polish archives of internal medicine
2020

Associations between Folate Metabolism Enzyme Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Nutrition and cancer
2019

Folate, genomic stability and colon cancer: The use of single cell gel electrophoresis in assessing the impact of folate in vitro, in vivo and in human biomonitoring.

Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis
2021

Hyperhomocysteinemia: a trigger for complement-mediated TMA?

Acta clinica Belgica
2019

Beyond evidence-based treatment of bipolar disorder: Rational pragmatic approaches to management.

Bipolar disorders
2019

Association of MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, and MTRR A66G Polymorphisms with Neural Tube Defects in Tunisian Parents.

Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology
2019

The MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism is associated with unmetabolized folic acid in breast milk in a cohort of Canadian women.

The American journal of clinical nutrition
2019

Differential global and MTHFR gene specific methylation patterns in preeclampsia and recurrent miscarriages: A case-control study from North India.

Gene
2019

Phenotype, treatment practice and outcome in the cobalamin-dependent remethylation disorders and MTHFR deficiency: Data from the E-HOD registry.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2019

The clinical presentation of cobalamin-related disorders: From acquired deficiencies to inborn errors of absorption and intracellular pathways.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2019

Newborn screening for homocystinurias: Recent recommendations versus current practice.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2019

Mild Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency Alters Inflammatory and Lipid Pathways in Liver.

Molecular nutrition &amp; food research
2019

Early Manifestations of Brain Aging in Mice Due to Low Dietary Folate and Mild MTHFR Deficiency.

Molecular neurobiology
2018

The Effects of Homocysteine on the Skeleton.

Current osteoporosis reports
2018

Prevalence of factor V leiden, MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms in patients with deep vein thrombosis in Central Iran.

Molecular biology reports
2018

Gene variants in the folate pathway are associated with increased levels of folate receptor autoantibodies.

Birth defects research
2019

Homocysteine and Hyperhomocysteinaemia.

Current medicinal chemistry
2018

Adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficiency may manifest as isolated and treatable distinct neuro-psychiatric syndromes.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2018

Focal epilepsy as the revealing symptom of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency in a young adult.

Revue neurologique
2018

Severe 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: a rare, treatable cause of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia.

European journal of neurology
2017

Manifestations of neurological symptoms and thromboembolism in adults with MTHFR-deficiency.

Journal of the neurological sciences
2018

Aminoacidopathies: Prevalence, Etiology, Screening, and Treatment Options.

Biochemical genetics
2018

A comparison of the genetic and clinical risk factors for arterial hypertension between indigenous and non-indigenous people of the Shoria Mountain Region.

Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)
2017

Venous thromboembolism due to hyperhomocysteinaemia and tuberculosis.

The National medical journal of India
2017

Rapidly progressive psychotic symptoms triggered by infection in a patient with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: a case report.

BMC neurology
2017

High dietary folate in pregnant mice leads to pseudo-MTHFR deficiency and altered methyl metabolism, with embryonic growth delay and short-term memory impairment in offspring.

Human molecular genetics
2017

Guidelines for diagnosis and management of the cobalamin-related remethylation disorders cblC, cblD, cblE, cblF, cblG, cblJ and MTHFR deficiency.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2017

Functional characterization of missense mutations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency using a human expression system.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2016

Determination of CSF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in children and its application for defects of folate transport and metabolism.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry
2016

MTHFR: Addressing Genetic Counseling Dilemmas Using Evidence-Based Literature.

Journal of genetic counseling
2016

Adult-onset severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency characterized by reversible spastic paraplegia with a novel mutation.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
2017

Homocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency in a young adult presenting with bilateral lens subluxations.

Ophthalmic genetics
2016

Mutation Update and Review of Severe Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency.

Human mutation
2015

Homocysteine Metabolism, Atherosclerosis, and Diseases of Aging.

Comprehensive Physiology
2016

Molecular and biochemical investigations of patients with intermediate or severe hyperhomocysteinemia.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2016

Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a patient with methyltetrahydrofolate reductase mutation: a case report and literature review.

Blood coagulation &amp; fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis
2015

Multidisciplinary approach and anesthetic management of a surgical cancer patient with methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: a case report and review of the literature.

Journal of medical case reports
2016

Clinical pattern, mutations and in vitro residual activity in 33 patients with severe 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2015

MTHFR deficiency or reduced intake of folate or choline in pregnant mice results in impaired short-term memory and increased apoptosis in the hippocampus of wild-type offspring.

Neuroscience
2016

Outcomes of four patients with homocysteine remethylation disorders detected by newborn screening.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
2015

Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss and Mild Vasculopathy in Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (Mthfr)-Deficient Mice: A Model of Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia.

Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science
2015

Newborn screening for homocystinurias and methylation disorders: systematic review and proposed guidelines.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2015

Insights into severe 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: molecular genetic and enzymatic characterization of 76 patients.

Human mutation
2015

High folic acid consumption leads to pseudo-MTHFR deficiency, altered lipid metabolism, and liver injury in mice.

The American journal of clinical nutrition

Associações

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Comunidades

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Doenças relacionadas

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Referências e fontes

Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo

Publicações científicas

Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.

  1. Novel MTHFR variants manifesting with hereditary spastic paraplegia and recurrent pulmonary embolism: a case report and literature review of adult-onset severe MTHFR deficiency.
    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology· 2026· PMID 41557084mais citado
  2. Development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based enzymatic assay of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.
    Scientific reports· 2025· PMID 40596302mais citado
  3. Impaired folate metabolism reshapes auditory response profiles and impairs loudness perception in MTHFR-deficient mice.
    Neurobiology of disease· 2025· PMID 40057124mais citado
  4. RNA sequencing combined with whole-exome sequencing revealed familial homocystinemia due to MTHFR deficiency and its complex splicing events.
    Gene· 2025· PMID 39571660mais citado
  5. Severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to MTHFR deficiency caused by a new mutation: A case report and literature review.
    Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences· 2024· PMID 39788525mais citado
  6. Cost analysis of hospitalized children suspected of rare genetic diseases.
    Orphanet J Rare Dis· 2026· PMID 41526951recente
  7. Family planning, sexual activity and contraception in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a European survey study.
    Orphanet J Rare Dis· 2025· PMID 40751163recente
  8. Osteoporosis in Wilson's disease: A large cohort study highlighting age, sex and skeletal symptoms as key risk factors for clinical surveillance.
    Orphanet J Rare Dis· 2025· PMID 40731295recente
  9. Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial.
    Orphanet J Rare Dis· 2024· PMID 39574155recente
  10. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of women with recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma.
    Orphanet J Rare Dis· 2024· PMID 39456061recente

Bases de dados e fontes oficiais

Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.

  1. ORPHA:395(Orphanet)
  2. OMIM OMIM:236250(OMIM)
  3. MONDO:0009353(MONDO)
  4. GARD:2734(GARD (NIH))
  5. Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
  6. Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
  7. Q30643222(Wikidata)

Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.

Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar

Homocistinúria por deficiência de metilenotetraidrofolato redutase
Compêndio · Raras BR

Homocistinúria por deficiência de metilenotetraidrofolato redutase

ORPHA:395 · MONDO:0009353
🇧🇷 Brasil SUS
Triagem
MS/MS (espectrometria de massas em tandem)
PNTN
Fase 2
Incidência BR
1:10.000 (coletivo)
Geral
Prevalência
Unknown
Herança
Autosomal recessive
CID-10
E72.1 · Distúrbios do metabolismo dos aminoácidos que contêm enxofre
CID-11
Início
Infancy, Neonatal
Prevalência
0.0 (Worldwide)
MedGen
UMLS
C1856061
Repurposing
2 candidatos
betainenitric oxide donor
penicillamine-(D)chelating agent
Wikidata
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