A lisencefalia de paralelepípedos sem envolvimento muscular ou ocular é uma forma de lisencefalia de paralelepípedos caracterizada por uma constelação de malformações cerebrais que podem existir isoladamente ou em conjunto com anormalidades musculares e oculares mínimas. As características clínicas da doença incluem atraso grave no desenvolvimento, aumento do perímetro cefálico, hidrocefalia e convulsões.
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
A lisencefalia de paralelepípedos sem envolvimento muscular ou ocular é uma forma de lisencefalia de paralelepípedos caracterizada por uma constelação de malformações cerebrais que podem existir isoladamente ou em conjunto com anormalidades musculares e oculares mínimas. As características clínicas da doença incluem atraso grave no desenvolvimento, aumento do perímetro cefálico, hidrocefalia e convulsões.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 11 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 29 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Genes associados
2 genes identificados com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal recessive.
Binding to cells via a high affinity receptor, laminin is thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. Involved in the organization of the laminar architecture of the cerebral cortex (PubMed:23472759). It is probably required for the integrity of the basement membrane/glia limitans that serves as an anchor point for the endfeet of radial glial cells and as a physical bar
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, basement membrane
Lissencephaly 5
An autosomal recessive brain malformation characterized by cobblestone changes in the cortex, more severe in the posterior region, and subcortical band heterotopia. Affected individuals have hydrocephalus, seizures, and severely delayed psychomotor development.
Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues. The 4 members of the TMTC family are O-mannosyl-transferases dedicated primarily to the cadherin superfamily, each member seems to have a distinct role in decorating the cadherin domains with O-linked mannose glycans at specific regions. Also acts as O-mannosyl-transferase on other proteins such as PDIA3 (PubMed:28973932). Involved in the positive regulation of proteasomal protein degradation in the endoplasmic re
MembraneEndoplasmic reticulum
Lissencephaly 8
A form of lissencephaly, a disorder of cortical development characterized by agyria or pachygyria and disorganization of the clear neuronal lamination of normal six-layered cortex. LIS8 patients manifest delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability with poor or absent speech, early-onset refractory seizures, hypotonia, cortical gyral abnormalities, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, brainstem and cerebellum. LIS8 inheritance is autosomal recessive.
Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)
196 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.
Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)
Distribuição de 60 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.
Vias biológicas (Reactome)
13 vias biológicas associadas aos genes desta condição.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Lisencefalia em pedra de calçada sem envolvimento muscular ou ocular
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Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.
Pesquisa ativa
Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes
Ensaios em destaque
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Outros ensaios clínicos
Publicações mais relevantes
Geometric Decomposition of OCT Angiography in RVO: Unmasking Congestive Versus Compensatory Phenotypes and Deep Retina-Choroid Coupling.
To characterize microvascular remodeling in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) by distinguishing "congestion" from "compensation" using morphologic decomposition and to evaluate translaminar retina-choroid coupling. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography was performed on 226 eyes (88 RVO-affected, 88 fellow, 50 healthy controls). Vessel density (VD) was geometrically decomposed into vessel length density (VLD; abundance) and vessel diameter index (VDI; caliber). Linear mixed-effects models were used to account for intereye correlation. In the deep capillary plexus (DCP), fellow eyes exhibited "inefficient compensation" characterized by significantly increased VLD (25.17 ± 4.98 vs. 20.83 ± 4.02 mm/mm²) and decreased VDI (1.42 ± 0.07 vs. 1.47 ± 0.04) compared to controls (P < 0.001). Affected eyes demonstrated "congestive failure" with decreased VLD (16.06 ± 4.84 mm/mm²) and increased VDI (1.51 ± 0.09) (P < 0.05). DCP ischemia was strongly correlated with total retinal thickness (TRT, representing macular edema severity; ρ = -0.43, P < 0.001). A numerical "disease gradient" in retina-choroid coupling (DCP-choroidal vascularity index correlation) was identified: healthy (ρ = 0.37), fellow (ρ = 0.42), and affected eyes (ρ = 0.54). Sensitivity analysis revealed a biphasic synchronization sequence: temporary functional decoupling in mild edema (ρ = 0.30), followed by profound pathologic synchronization in severe congestive disease (TRT ≥400 µm, ρ = 0.63). RVO is a bilateral, hierarchical disorder. Morphologic decomposition reveals subclinical compensatory remodeling in fellow eyes that is obscured by conventional VD analysis. The progressive synchronization of deep retinal and choroidal degeneration suggests that RVO involves a pathologic collapse of neurovascular autoregulation. Decomposing density into length and diameter provides superior biomarkers for detecting early subclinical changes and monitoring the congestive status of RVO eyes.
Ocular Surface Microbiota-Derived Lipoteichoic Acid Promotes Dry Eye Disease by Inducing Corneal Inflammation.
Ocular surface microbiota (OSM) dysbiosis is associated with dry eye disease (DED), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a Gram-positive bacterial product, in DED pathogenesis. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 277 participants to analyze OSM composition via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantify tear LTA levels. In vitro experiments using human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) and in vivo mouse models were used to explore LTA-induced inflammation. The involvement of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) was assessed using siRNAs and the PAFR antagonist Apafant. Patients with DED showed functional enrichment in LTA synthesis-related pathways in their OSM. Tear LTA levels were significantly elevated in patients with DED and correlated positively with disease risk and clinical severity. Mechanistically, LTA activated p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways via TLR2 and PAFR, upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In mice, topical LTA administration induced corneal epithelial damage, reduced tear secretion, and caused histopathological changes. Treatment with Apafant significantly alleviated LTA-induced corneal inflammation, improved tear secretion, and preserved epithelial integrity. Our findings establish a mechanistic link between OSM-derived LTA and DED. LTA promotes ocular surface inflammation and dysfunction through TLR2 and PAFR signaling, suggesting that targeting microbial products or their receptors, such as PAFR, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for DED.
Characterizing autonomic nervous system alterations in hospitalized patients with delirium: A scoping review.
To characterize autonomic nervous system alterations in patients with delirium, focusing on cardiovascular, respiratory, ocular, exocrine, and gastrointestinal functions, as well as neurotransmitter levels. This review aims to synthesize current evidence and explore potential clinical implications for monitoring delirium. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. Searches were performed on the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Eligible studies included experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, or descriptive designs involving hospitalized adults with delirium, diagnosed using standardized tools and accompanied by documented evaluation of the autonomic nervous system. Twenty-seven studies were included. Four domains were identified: cardiovascular activity (18 studies), which addressed heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and blood flow. Several studies have reported changes in heart rate variability, increased blood pressure variability, and a reduction in mean arterial pressure associated with delirium. Four studies examined ocular changes, reporting reduced pupillary reflex responses in delirium. Gastrointestinal function was assessed in three studies through gut microbiota analysis, showing reduced microbial diversity and increased pathogenic taxa. Two studies examined neurotransmitter levels, reporting elevated norepinephrine in blood and urine associated with delirium. This scoping review reveals that autonomic alterations are commonly reported in delirium across various domains, including cardiovascular, ocular, gastrointestinal, and neurochemical systems. The evidence is heterogeneous in terms of measures, timing, and study designs, which limits the integration of findings. Autonomic measures may reflect physiological vulnerability, highlighting the need for standardized and longitudinal research.
Association of Air Pollution Exposure with Incident Cataract Surgery and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in 2 French Nationwide Cohorts.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts are part of the leading causes of blindness globally, with oxidative stress being a key factor in their development. Air pollution, known to exacerbate oxidative stress, may contribute to the progression of these diseases. This study aims at investigating the association between ambient air pollution exposure and the incidence of cataract surgery and neovascular AMD (nAMD). Two nationwide prospective French cohorts. The study involved 36 140 participants, including 17 911 Electricité de France-Gaz de France employees from the Gazel cohort and 18 229 individuals from the general French population in the Constances cohort, all aged over 53 years at inclusion and followed up for 10 years. Cataract surgery and nAMD cases were identified using the French National Health Data System (SNDS), which provided medical procedures and prescriptions. Air pollution exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter, and black carbon (BC) were estimated using land-use regression models. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and education were used to assess associations. Analyses were stratified by area of residence (urban vs. rural), because of significant interactions. Neovascular AMD was identified through intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, and cataract surgery by the first surgery date, both extracted from SNDS data. Among the 36 140 participants included (39% women, mean age 60.2 years), 5543 incident cataract surgery and 266 nAMD cases were identified. In the combined Constances and Gazel populations, urban individuals exposed to more than 34.8 μg/m3 of NO2 had an 8% higher risk of cataract surgery (HR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.16, P = 0.017), while no significant effect was observed among rural participants. Additionally, in the Constances cohort, participants exposed to the fourth quartile (≥2.33 10-5/m) of BC had an 88% increased risk of nAMD compared to those exposed to the first quartile (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.03-3.45, P = 0.041). No significant association with BC was observed in the combined Constances and Gazel populations. This study provides new insights into the impact of air pollution on ocular aging at a national level, highlighting the distinct effects observed between urban and rural populations. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
GHRHR Deficiency Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Visual Functions in Experimental Glaucoma by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. One hallmark of glaucoma is the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In this study, a dual role for growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) modulation under glaucoma-relevant conditions and complementary injury paradigms involving the RGCs is identified. Using acute IOP elevation (retinal ischemia-reperfusion), chronic ocular hypertension (microbead-induced), and traumatic axonal injury (optic nerve crush) models, we show that GHRHR deficiency preserves RGC survival and uniquely restores visual functions-contrasting with GHRHR activation, which solely promotes cellular survival. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers RGC-specific alterations in genes associated with ferroptosis, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dynamics. At the mechanistic level, GHRHR deficiency prevents the pathological downregulation of key anti-ferroptotic mediators GPX4 and FTH1 while suppressing pro-ferroptotic factors ACSL4 caused by glaucomatous neurodegeneration. This multifaceted regulation attenuated iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, effects that are diminished by the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. Notably, in mitochondria damaged primary RGCs, pharmacological GHRHR inhibition replicates these benefits, reducing lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial ROS to bolster RGC survival. Collectively, these findings establish GHRHR inhibition as a potent therapeutic strategy for glaucomatous neurodegeneration, synergistically rescuing both structural and functional integrity of the retina.
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Survey of ophthalmologyEducational quality of ocular and orbital anatomy videos on YouTube: a student- and patient-centered evaluation.
BMC medical educationIntraocular Metastasis: Differential Diagnosis and Management.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmologyEstablishment of a strategy using alternative methods to the use of animals to evaluate the ocular irritant potential of cosmetics for styling, braiding, or fixing hair.
Toxicology mechanisms and methodsA prospective comparison of ultrawide-field and two-field fundus imaging for diabetic retinopathy assessment.
BMC medical imagingIberian Registry of Ocular Syphilis (IBERSOS) report 1: epidemiology, clinical spectrum and treatment outcomes of ocular syphilis in the Iberian Peninsula.
The British journal of ophthalmologyTreatment-resistant arterial hypertension revealing giant cell arteritis: A case report.
The American journal of medicineSIRT3 mediates mitochondrial protection and attenuates mtROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 signaling activation in dry eye disease.
Experimental eye researchImmunohistochemistry analysis of P16INK4a in pre-invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia tissue samples infected and not infected by human papilloma virus at an academic laboratory in Northern Tshwane.
Experimental eye researchDysregulated hyaluronan metabolism drives inflammation and angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Frontiers in immunologyTolcapone Interferes With Key Pathological Features in Alzheimer's Disease.
Bioinorganic chemistry and applicationsIn vivo characterization of a retinal cellular biomarker of inflammation in multiple sclerosis.
Brain communicationsClinical features, treatment and outcomes of sarcoidosis in New Zealand: a comparative study between Māori and New Zealand European patients.
Internal medicine journalCutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma With Conjunctival T-Lymphocyte Infiltration in a Dog.
Veterinary ophthalmologyMelanoma of unknown primary presenting as intestinal obstruction: a diagnostic challenge.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologiePredictors of Survival and Length of Stay in Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A single centre retrospective study of 111 patients.
Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn AssociationComparison of IgG4 related disease in patients aged≤25 years (pediatric, adolescent, and young adult) and those aged≥50 years.
Reumatologia clinicaDysregulation of human corneal miRNAs and their cognate targets in Fusarium spp. keratitis and its implication in disease progression.
The ocular surfaceApplication of photoresponsive materials in ophthalmology.
Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicineEffect of osteopathic vs sham treatment and test-retest improvements on smooth pursuit eye movements.
Complementary therapies in medicineSequential multifocal ocular adnexal recurrence of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Retinal and choroidal microvascular alterations in ıdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an OCTA study.
International ophthalmologyAcute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy Spectrum on Multimodal Imaging: A Severity-Driven Ischemic Continuum.
Ocular immunology and inflammationOrbital Myiasis Secondary to Neglected Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an 85-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report.
International medical case reports journalLong-term follow-up of a Tay-Sachs disease patient with cherry-red spot.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsPosterior Segment Involvement and Treatment Outcomes of Closed Globe Injury at Tertiary Eye Care Center: An Observational Study.
JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical AssociationCrucial involvement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling regulation by miR-204-5p in cataract and posterior capsular opacification.
Biochemistry and biophysics reportsMedication adherence rates in patients with ocular inflammatory disease.
Frontiers in medicineEfficacy and safety of aflibercept biosimilars compared to aflibercept in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Frontiers in pharmacologyHorns, nails, and leaky kidneys: A rare case of congenital nephrotic syndrome.
Clinical nephrology. Case studiesDevelopment of a patient advocate committee for a pediatric biobank.
Research involvement and engagementUncovering the relationship between the human ocular surface microbiome and gut microbiome.
BMC microbiologyReduced Accommodation Without Mydriasis After Micropulse Cyclophotocoagulation in a Young Congenital Glaucoma Patient: A Case Report.
The American journal of case reportsRelentless placoid chorioretinitis associated with Crohn's disease and secondary MEWDS: a case report.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsLarge-scale study of ocular biometry in Korean adults: age-related trends and associations.
Eye (London, England)Large language model-based scribing tools for ophthalmology: performance and safety evaluation using simulated clinical encounters.
Eye (London, England)Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of conjunctival myxoma.
Eye (London, England)Ocular syphilis: Clinical characteristics, HIV status, and outcomes in a 10-year case series from Türkiye.
International journal of STD & AIDSMultimodal imaging evaluation and management of orbital metastasis: experience at a single institution.
International ophthalmologyHigh-Resolution Ultrasonography for Detecting Peripheral Neuropathy in Leprosy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic SocietyCL-EVLPs Promote Corneal Repair in a BAC-Induced Corneal Injury Model via Ocular Microenvironment Reconstruction.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceDupilumab-Associated Ocular Surface Disease in a Local Asian Chinese Population.
CureusEfficacy and safety of immunosuppressants and immunomodulators in juvenile myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of translational medicineUnravelling the Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Genotype-Phenotype to Pterygium Risk.
Cancer genomics & proteomicsVisual outcomes after blunt ocular trauma: clinical findings, management, and prognostic factors.
International ophthalmologyBreak in Corneal Shine due to Lime: Successful Restoration of Cornea after Accidental Chemical Injury - A Case Report.
Annals of African medicineComparative Evaluation of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Eyecryl SERT Versus TECNIS Eyhance Intraocular Lens Implantation in Cataract Patients.
CureusEvaluation of the Benefits of a Pharmacist-led Educational Program on Achievement of Intra-ocular Pressure Target among Patients with Open Angle Glaucoma: A Qusai-experimental Study.
Journal of research in pharmacy practiceViral mechanisms, tropism, and clinical relevance regarding the ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
International journal of ophthalmologyA novel murine model of Sjögren's disease using lacrimal autoantigen.
Frontiers in immunologyHerpetic panophthalmitis in a patient with a history of neonatal herpetic encephalitis.
Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and StrabismusRefractive-State-Specific Acute Ocular Structural Changes Induced by Full-Spectrum Light in Children with Intermittent Exotropia.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapyPresenting Clinical Features of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmologyPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induces Caspase-8-mediated pyroptosis via GSDMD and GSDME to drive retinal disease: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)Retinal toxicity following SBP-101 combined with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Journal francais d'ophtalmologieFibrous ingrowth: an overlooked cause of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve failure.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle OphthalmologieHealth impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans: systematic review of in vivo evidence.
Environmental health : a global access science sourceAn Individualized Surgical Approach for the Management of Recurrent Pterygium: A Case Report.
Case reports in ophthalmologyAn In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect and Protection of Artificial Tear Formulations on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells in Normal and Dry Eye Disease States.
PharmaceuticsIschemia-Induced Neurodegeneration in Glaucoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Opportunities for Psychoplastogen-Based Therapies.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)Ocular Involvement as a Key Marker of Systemic Disease in Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum: Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathological Insights.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)Varicella-Zoster Virus and the Eye: Clinical Spectrum, Management, and Vaccination.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption (RIME) Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Clinical and Immunological Insights from Pediatric Cases.
MicroorganismsAir Pollution, Pollen, and Indoor Exposures in Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)FOXC1 Regulates Cytokine Signaling, Inflammatory Pathways, and Retinoid Metabolism to Maintain Limbal Epithelial Cell Homeostasis In Vitro.
International journal of molecular sciencesSIRT1 rs7069102 Polymorphism Confers Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in T2DM.
GenesInflammation-Mediated Immune Imbalance in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts.
BiomedicinesApplications of Artificial Intelligence in Corneal Nerve Images in Ophthalmology.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)Associações
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- Geometric Decomposition of OCT Angiography in RVO: Unmasking Congestive Versus Compensatory Phenotypes and Deep Retina-Choroid Coupling.
- Ocular Surface Microbiota-Derived Lipoteichoic Acid Promotes Dry Eye Disease by Inducing Corneal Inflammation.
- Characterizing autonomic nervous system alterations in hospitalized patients with delirium: A scoping review.
- Association of Air Pollution Exposure with Incident Cataract Surgery and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in 2 French Nationwide Cohorts.
- GHRHR Deficiency Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Visual Functions in Experimental Glaucoma by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.
- Ophthalmologic manifestations associated with Fukutin (FKTN) variant subtypes in Korean patients with Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: a single-center retrospective case series.
- Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: Clinical features and therapeutic advances.
- Nonrandomized Allocation of Steroid Therapy in Patients With Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Study Protocol for a Phase II Clinical Trial.
- Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy.
- Urinary prostaglandin D(2) and E(2) metabolites are elevated with disease severity in patients with Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy.
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:352682(Orphanet)
- OMIM OMIM:615191(OMIM)
- MONDO:0014077(MONDO)
- GARD:17526(GARD (NIH))
- Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Q56003205(Wikidata)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
