International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Precursor Lesions: Working Group 4 Precursor Lesions of Testis Results of a Premeeting Survey.

[Pediatric germ cell tumors: An update 2025].

46,XY Gonadal Dysgenesis Due to NR0B1 Duplication: A Systematic Review.

Retrospective Evaluation of Childhood Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-Center Experience.

Spectrum of gonadal morphology in disorders of sexual development: A case series.

Novel NR5A1 variants associated with hypospadias and disorders of sex development: A series case report of 4 patients.

Rare presentations of Swyer syndrome in a 13.5-year-old female; a case report and literature review.

Perspective on postoperative hormone replacement therapy and fertility preservation in Swyer syndrome with dysgerminoma: a case series and literature review.

A highly rare female phenotype with complex chromosomal mosaicism: 46,XY/45,X/46,X,r(Y).

Tumours in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome: a retrospective Chinese cohort study.

Gonadal Genetics and Germ Cell Tumor Risk in SRY-Negative 46,XX Testicular/Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development.

A Case Report of Tissue Mosaicism in 45,X0/46,XY: Diagnostic Complexity in a Newborn with Ambiguous Genitalia.

Pubertal Development as a Marker of Gonadal Neoplasm in 46XY Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis.

Malignancy Risk in Turner Syndrome+Y, Early Gonadectomy, and the Ethics of Parental Choices.

Co-Occurrence of Ovarian Dysgerminoma-Inducing Gonadoblastoma and Two Distinct Mammary Carcinomas in a Dog: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PRRG4 Brain-Specific Conditional Knockout Mice Display Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Behaviors.

Campomelic Dysplasia With Sex Reversal, Gonadal Dysgenesis, and Bilateral Gonadoblastoma.

Unveiling the Uncommon: A Case Series on Rare Germ Cell Tumors.

Turner syndrome: fertility, familial clustering, and cancer risk.

Gonadal Tumors in Individuals with Turner Syndrome and Y-Chromosome Mosaicism: A Retrospective Multisite Study.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome Mosaicism: A Case Report.

Gonadoblastoma with Dysgerminoma in a Virilized Adolescent with Karyotype 46,XX: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Male hermaphroditism with rare malignant transformation of gonadal organs: a case report.

Histologic analysis of gonadal tissue in patients with Turner syndrome and Y chromosome material.

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis with gonadoblastoma diagnosed by prophylactic laparoscopic gonadectomy: A case report.

SRY-positive 45,X/46,XY karyotype in a phenotypically Turner-like Chinese adolescent female with ovarian dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma.

A 10-YEAR STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH GONADAL TUMORS AND DISORDERS OF SEX DIFFERENTIATION, IN ROMANIA.

Pure 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis and 46, XY complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: A case report.

Endometriosis in a Prepubertal Patient with 46,XY Difference in Sex Development: A Case Report.

[Gonadoblastoma: Clinicopathological study and literature review of 3 cases].

Challenges in the management of Turner syndrome with Y chromosome material: a case report of prophylactic gonadectomy revealing dysgerminoma.

Gonadoblastoma in a patient with 45,X/46XY mosaicism.

A Risk of Gonadoblastoma in Familial Swyer Syndrome-A Case Report and Literature Review.

WT1-related disorders: more than Denys-Drash syndrome.

The Use of Fluorescence In situ Hybridisation in the Diagnosis of Hidden Mosaicism in Egyptian Patients with Turner Syndrome.

[Manifestations of Turner syndrome: don't miss the diagnosis].

[Clinicopathological analysis of gonadal differentiation of sex development disorder].

Rare Case of a Turner Syndrome Patient with Metastatic Dysgerminoma and No Y-Chromosomal Material with Pathogenic Variants Found in KIT and MTOR.

[Swyer syndrome with gonadal non-dysgerminoma malignant germ cell tumors: a report of 15 cases in a national medical center].

[THREE CASES OF DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME WITH GONADOBLASTOMA].

Mosaic Turner Variant Adult Female Presenting with XO/XY Karyotype.

A rare case of Swyer syndrome from Pakistan in a young girl with primary amenorrhea and 46XY genotype.

Elucidating the Cancer Phenotype in Turner Syndrome: A 20-Year Observational Cohort Study.

Gonadoblastoma in Turner syndrome with puberty delay: A case report and literature review.

A Perplexing Case of a Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Report.

Late presentation of Swyer syndrome: A case report.

SIX1 as a Novel Immunohistochemical Marker in the Differential Diagnosis of Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Seminoma in 46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis: Rare Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Frasier Syndrome: A 15-Year-Old Phenotypically Female Adolescent Presenting with Delayed Puberty and Nephropathy.

Undetectable anti-Mullerian hormone and inhibin B do not preclude the presence of germ cell tumours in 45,X/46,XY or 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis.

Tumour occurrence in women with Turner syndrome: A narrative review and single-centre case series.

Gonadoblastoma in a patient with Swyer syndrome.

Deferring gonadectomy in patients with turner syndrome with a genetic Y component is not a safe practice.

Yolk sac tumor and dysgerminoma in the left gonad following gonadoblastoma in the right gonad in a 46,XY DSD with a novel SRY missense mutation: a case report.

Ovarian gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a girl with 46,XX karyotype 17a-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency: A case report and literature review.

45,X male - rare case of unbalanced translocation of Y chromosome to chromosome 2 presenting with developmental delay, learning difficulty and obesity.

Gonadal Y-chromosome mosaicism with 45, X Turner syndrome complicated with bilateral HCG-secreting gonadoblastoma.

Characteristics and karyotype analysis of a patient with turner syndrome complicated with multiple-site tumors: A case report.

Consensus guide on prophylactic gonadectomy in different sex development.

Diagnostically misleading aberrant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in germ cell tumors.

[Human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting gonadoblastomas in a girl of 45, X Turner syndrome: a case report and literature review].

Prevalence and characteristics of gonadoblastoma in a retrospective multi-center study with follow-up investigations of 70 patients with Turner syndrome and a 45,X/46,XY karyotype.

The Mysteries of Primary Amenorrhea: Swyer Syndrome.

Benign cystic Teratoma and Gonadoblastoma developed in bilateral abdominal undescended testis.

Gonadal tumor risk in pediatric and adolescent phenotypic females with disorders of sex development and Y chromosomal constitution with different genetic etiologies.

Gonadal tumor development in 46,XX disorders of gonadal development.

Complete gonadal dysgenesis analysis in the population of Latvia: malignant outcomes and a review of literature.

The emerging role of NF2 alterations in new and established subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.

Bilateral Gonadoblastoma in a 6-Year-old Girl With Frasier Syndrome: Need for Early Preventive Gonadectomy.

Gonadoblastoma with Dysgerminoma Presenting as Virilizing Disorder in a Young Child with 46, XX Karyotype: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Sex chromosome DSD individuals with mosaic 45,X0 and aberrant Y chromosomes in 46,XY cells: distinct gender phenotypes and germ cell tumour risks§.

A rare case of ovarian gonadoblastoma flourishing into malignant mixed germ cell tumour with review of literature.

Gonadectomy in Individuals with Turner Syndrome and Y Chromosome Material: Fertility Considerations.

Dissecting Gonadoblastoma of the Ovary Coexistent with an Atypical Endometriotic Cyst: Incidental Detection in Cystectomy Specimen of a Woman with 46,XX Karyotype.

[Clinical Characterization of Patients with Ovarian Mass Combined with Dysplasia of Secondary Sexual Characteristics].

Bilateral Gonadoblastoma Overgrown by Dysgerminoma of the Right Gonad in a Patient with Swyer Syndrome.

[Clinicopathological analysis of 8 cases of gonadoblastoma in children].

WAGR, Sex Reversal, Bilateral Gonadoblastomas, and Intralobar Nephrogenic Rests: Uncertainties of Pre-Biopsy Chemotherapy in a High Risk Syndrome for Nephroblastoma.

AZFa candidate gene UTY and its X homologue UTX are expressed in human germ cells.

Adnexal Torsion Due to Borderline Mucinous Tumor of the Gonad in a Prepubertal Girl with Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis (45,X/46,XY) and a Turner Phenotype.

Early Bilateral Gonadoblastoma in a Patient with Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis (Karyotype 45,X/46,XY): Case Report and Review of Literature.

45,X/46,XY Mosaicism with Male Phenotype: Case Report.

Y Chromosome Material in Turner Syndrome.

Renal cell tumor with sex-cord/gonadoblastoma-like features: analysis of 6 cases.

Exonic WT1 pathogenic variants in 46,XY DSD associated with gonadoblastoma.

Recognition of the Y chromosome in Turner syndrome using peripheral blood or oral mucosa tissue.

[Gonadal neoplastic related lesions in children with disorders of sexual development: a clinicopathological study of twelve cases].

Malignant Gonadal Germ Cell Tumors (Other Than Pure Germinoma) in Patients With Disorders of Sex Development: A Report of 21 Cases Based Largely on the Collection of Dr Robert E. Scully, Illustrating a High Frequency of Yolk Sac Tumor With Prominent Hepatoid and Glandular Features.

Bilateral Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor in a 46,XX Female with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism.

A Small Supernumerary Xp Marker Chromosome Including Genes NR0B1 and MAGEB Causing Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis and Gonadoblastoma.

One-stage sex reassignment surgery at the delayed presentation in a patient with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: A case report.

The Role of Surgery in Antenatal Ovarian Torsion: Retrospective Evaluation of 28 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Frasier Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Refractory Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.

Testosterone-induced increase in libido in a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in the AR gene.

Swyer Syndrome: A Case of Dysgerminoma Solely within the Fallopian Tube.

Gonadoblastoma in Turner Syndrome: A Surprise in a Streak.

Testicular Tumors: A Contemporary Update on Morphologic, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Features.

Clinical characteristics and management of Turner patients with a small supernumerary marker chromosome.

Disorders of sexual differentiation: Report of two rare cases.

A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl.

Description of diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY ovotesticular DSD.

Growth and relationship of phenotypic characteristics with gonadal pathology and tumour risk in patients with 45, X/46, XY mosaicism.

Amenorrhoea with XY karyotype postbone marrow transplant.

Gonadal dysgenesis in Turner syndrome with Y-chromosome mosaicism: Two case reports.

Gonadal malignancy in patients with differences of sex development.

Syndromic Wilms tumor: a review of predisposing conditions, surveillance and treatment.

XY Gonadal Dysgenesis in a Phenotypic Female Identified by Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing.

Gonadoblastoma versus ovarian mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor in women or girls with no evidence of a disorder of sex development: A problem in differential diagnosis.

Unclassified Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor of the Ovary: An Unusual Case Report.

Unusual Presentation of Denys-Drash Syndrome in a Girl with Undisclosed Consumption of Biotin.

Added value of buccal cell FISH analysis in the diagnosis and management of Turner syndrome.

A Unique Presentation of XY Gonadal Dysgenesis in Frasier Syndrome due to WT1 Mutation and a Literature Review.

Neoplasia in Turner syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral centre in Belgium.

Bilateral Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma in a Phenotypically Normal Female With 46XX Karyotype: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review.

Seminoma with focal gonadoblastoma in anatomically normal male: A rare case report.

46, XY disorder of sex development (DSD) complicated by a serous borderline tumor of the ovary: a case report and review of the literature.

46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis with pubertal virilisation due to dysgerminoma/gonadoblastoma.

Gonadoblastoma in individuals with a normal karyotype and no evidence of a disorder of sex development.

A Case of 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism Presenting as Swyer Syndrome.

Oncologic outcomes of pre-malignant and invasive germ cell tumors in patients with differences in sex development - A systematic review.

Dysgerminoma in a Prepubertal Girl with Complete 46XY Gonadal Dysgenesis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Seminoma In A Young Phenotypic Female With Turner Syndrome 45,XO/46,XY Mosaicism: A Case Report With Review Of The Literature.

Disorder of sex development with germ cell tumors: Which is uncovered first?

EARLY-ONSET GONADOBLASTOMA IN A 13-MONTH-OLD INFANT WITH 46,XY COMPLETE GONADAL DYSGENESIS IDENTIFIED WITH PRENATAL TESTING: A CASE OF CHROMOSOME 9p DELETION.

Variation of Gonadal Dysgenesis and Tumor Risk in Patients With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism.

Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Karyotype of a Female Patient with Secondary Amenorrhea with a Cell Line Showing 46,X,+mar.

Long-term outcome in a case series of Denys-Drash syndrome.

Gonadoblastoma: origin and outcome.

Endocrine Management of Ovotesticular DSD, an Index Case and Review of the Literature.

Germ Cell Tumors in Dysgenetic Gonads.

Predicting Gonadal Germ Cell Cancer in People with Disorders of Sex Development; Insights from Developmental Biology.

A Rare Case of Swyer Syndrome in Two Sisters with Successful Pregnancy Outcome in Both.

Canine ovarian gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma overgrowth: a case study and literature review.

Turner Syndrome with Y Chromosome: Spontaneous Thelarche, Menarche, and Risk of Malignancy.

Telomeric association between chromosomes Y and 19 in a mosaic Turner with primary ovarian insufficiency.

Genetic Causes of Rare Pediatric Ovarian Tumors.

Atypical Presentation of Swyer Syndrome.

Usefulness of imprint cytology of gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a patient with Turner syndrome and a Y chromosome: A case report and literature review.

Dysgerminoma in a 10-Year Old with 45X/46XY Turner Syndrome Mosaicism.

Gonadoblastoma-Associated Mixed Gonadal Germ Cell Tumor with Dysgerminoma and Hepatoid Yolk Sac Tumor Components in 46XY Gonadal Dysgenesis.

Growth data and tumour risk of 32 Chinese children and adolescents with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.

[Analysis of solid ovarian tumours in a Spanish paediatric population].

[Atypical genital development and tumor risk].

Gene dosage of DAX-1, determining in sexual differentiation: duplication of DAX-1 in two sisters with gonadal dysgenesis.

The Y-linked proto-oncogene TSPY contributes to poor prognosis of the male hepatocellular carcinoma patients by promoting the pro-oncogenic and suppressing the anti-oncogenic gene expression.

Gonadoblastoma Y locus genes expressed in germ cells of individuals with dysgenetic gonads and a Y chromosome in their karyotypes include DDX3Y and TSPY.

'Size does matter': Prophylactic gonadectomy in a case of Swyer syndrome.

Detection of the SRY gene in patients with Turner Syndrome.

Once-Daily Low-Dose Cyclosporine A Treatment with Angiotensin Blockade for Long-Term Remission of Nephropathy in Frasier Syndrome.

Early Bilateral Gonadoblastoma Associated With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism: The Spectrum of Undifferentiated Gonadal Tissue and Gonadoblastoma in the First Months of Life.

Early development of a gonadal tumor in a patient with mixed gonadal dysgenesis.

Classic and "Dissecting" Gonadoblastoma in a Phenotypic Girl With a 46, XX Peripheral Karyotype and No Evidence of a Disorder of Sex Development.

The spectrum of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in Taiwanese children: The experience of a single center.

Newly Identified t(2;17)(p15;q24.2) Chromosomal Translocation Is Associated with Dysgenetic Gonads and Multiple Somatic Anomalies.

[Pathologic features on gonadal changes of sexual developmental disorders in children].

Recently Described and Clinically Important Entities in Testis Tumors: A Selective Review of Changes Incorporated Into the 2016 Classification of the World Health Organization.

Leukodystrophy with disorders of sex development due to WT1 mutations.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Virilization, and Hilus Cell Hyperplasia in a Girl With Turner Syndrome.

Imaging findings of ovarian dysgerminoma with emphasis on multiplicity and vascular architecture: pathogenic implications.

A Case of Primary Amenorrhea with Swyer Syndrome.

WT1 Gene Mutation, p.R462W, in a 46,XY DSD Patient from Egypt with Gonadoblastoma and Review of the Literature.

Normal pelvic ultrasound or MRI does not rule out neoplasm in patients with gonadal dysgenesis and Y chromosome material.

Gonadal dysgenesis is associated with worse outcomes in patients with ovarian nondysgerminomatous tumors: A report of the Children's Oncology Group AGCT 0132 study.

Molecular Detection and Incidence of Y Chromosomal Material in Patients with Turner Syndrome.

A Rare Case of Embryonal Carcinoma in a Patient with Turner Syndrome without Y Chromosomal Material but Mutations in KIT, AKT1, and ZNF358 Demonstrated Using Exome Sequencing.

Adolescent Female With Turner's Syndrome and 46,X,der(Y) del(Y)(p11.2)del(q11.2) Karyotype With Gonadoblastoma and Dysgerminoma.

Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Overgrowing a Gonadoblastoma in a Female With a 46, XX Karyotype: A Case Report.

Risk association of congenital anomalies in patients with ambiguous genitalia: A 22-year single-center experience.

Unexpected diagnosis of stage IIA dysgerminoma in streak gonad in a patient with Swyer syndrome: a case report.

[Y chromosome in Turner syndrome].

Classical gonadoblastoma: its relationship to the 'dissecting' variant and undifferentiated gonadal tissue.

Metachronous Synovial Sarcoma After Treatment of Mixed Germ Cell Tumor in a Child with Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis.

Case Report: Use of Tumor and Germline Y Chromosomal Analysis to Guide Surgical Management in a 46, XX Female Presenting With Gonadoblastoma With Dysgerminoma.

Dysgerminoma and Gonadoblastoma with Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis in a Patient with Swyer Syndrome.

Laparoscopically Removed Streak Gonad Revealed Gonadoblastoma in Frasier Syndrome.

Prevalence and Physical Distribution of SRY in the Gonads of a Woman with Turner Syndrome: Phenotypic Presentation, Tubal Formation, and Malignancy Risk.

Mixed Gonadal Germ Cell Tumor Composed of a Spermatocytic Tumor-Like Component and Germinoma Arising in Gonadoblastoma in a Phenotypic Woman With a 46, XX Peripheral Karyotype: Report of the First Case.

A practical guide for evaluating gonadal germ cell tumor predisposition in differences of sex development.

Swyer Syndrome With Gonadoblastoma: A Clinicoradiological Approach.

Perspectives on testicular sex cord-stromal tumors and those composed of both germ cells and sex cord-stromal derivatives with a comparison to corresponding ovarian neoplasms.

Clinical heterogeneity in children with gonadal dysgenesis associated with non-mosaic 46,XY karyotype.

Risk of Gonadoblastoma Development in Patients with Turner Syndrome with Cryptic Y Chromosome Material.

The Y-located proto-oncogene TSPY exacerbates and its X-homologue TSPX inhibits transactivation functions of androgen receptor and its constitutively active variants.

Fertility-Sparing Surgery Should Be the Standard Treatment in Patients with Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors.

[Clinicopathologic analysis of gonadoblastoma].

Familial forms of disorders of sex development may be common if infertility is considered a comorbidity.

Laparoscopic approach for gonadectomy in pediatric patients with intersex disorders.

Gonadal tumour risk in 292 phenotypic female patients with disorders of sex development containing Y chromosome or Y-derived sequence.

No effect of testosterone on behavior in aged Wistar rats.

The World Health Organization 2016 classification of testicular non-germ cell tumours: a review and update from the International Society of Urological Pathology Testis Consultation Panel.

Imaging Findings in Dysgerminoma in a Case of 46 XY, Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome).

Malignancy in disorders of sex development.

A novel morphological approach to gonads in disorders of sex development.

Laparoscopic Removal of Streak Gonads in Turner Syndrome.

Unilateral gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in normal fertile woman having a child: Extremely rare occurrence with characteristic immunohistomorphology.

The biology of germ cell tumors in disorders of sex development.

Early Bilateral Gonadoblastoma in a Young Child with Mosaicism for Turner Syndrome and Trisomy 18 with Y Chromosome.

Laparoscopy in the Surgical Treatment of Disorders of Sexual Development.

"Dissecting Gonadoblastoma" of Scully: A Morphologic Variant That Often Mimics Germinoma.

Management of bilateral malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: Experience of a single institute.