Electroneutral transporter of the plasma membrane mediating the cellular uptake of the divalent metal cations zinc, manganese and iron that are important for tissue homeostasis, metabolism, development and immunity (PubMed:15642354, PubMed:27231142, PubMed:29621230). Functions as an energy-dependent symporter, transporting through the membranes an electroneutral complex composed of a divalent metal cation and two bicarbonate anions (By similarity). Beside these endogenous cellular substrates, ca

Cell membraneApical cell membraneBasolateral cell membraneEarly endosome membraneLate endosome membraneLysosome membrane

Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2

A metabolic autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased blood manganese levels, neurodegeneration, and rapidly progressive parkinsonism and dystonia. Affected individuals present with loss of developmental milestones, progressive dystonia and bulbar dysfunction in infancy or early childhood. Towards the end of the first decade, they manifest severe generalized pharmacoresistant dystonia, spasticity, limb contractures and scoliosis, and loss of independent ambulation. Cognition may be impaired, but is better preserved than motor function.