Raras
Buscar doenças, sintomas, genes...
Síndrome de hipotonia infantil-anomalias oculomotoras-movimentos hipercinéticos-transtorno do desenvolvimento
Mantido por Agente Raras·Colaborar como especialista →

Introdução

O que você precisa saber de cara

📋

Síndrome rara caracterizada por hipotonia neonatal, laringomalácia e atraso global do desenvolvimento. Apresenta anomalias oculomotoras, movimentos hipercinéticos (discinesia) e incapacidade de andar, com herança autossômica dominante associada ao gene SYT1.

Escala de raridade

CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORPHANET · BRASIL 2024
<1 / 1 000 000
Ultra-rara
<1/50k
Muito rara
1/20k
Rara
1/10k
Pouco freq.
1/5k
Incomum
1/2k
Prevalência
0.0
Worldwide
Casos conhecidos
11
pacientes catalogados
Início
Infancy
🏥
SUS: Cobertura mínimaScore: 20%
Centros em: PA, PR, SC, RS, ES +10CID-10: F84.8
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Entender a doença

Do básico ao detalhe, leia no seu ritmo

Preparando trilha educativa...

Sinais e sintomas

O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece

Partes do corpo afetadas

🧠
Neurológico
11 sintomas
😀
Face
6 sintomas
👁️
Olhos
6 sintomas
🦴
Ossos e articulações
5 sintomas
📏
Crescimento
2 sintomas
💪
Músculos
2 sintomas

+ 34 sintomas em outras categorias

Características mais comuns

100%prev.
Início na infância
Frequência: 11/11
100%prev.
Habilidade atrasada de andar
Frequência: 4/4
90%prev.
Atraso global grave do desenvolvimento
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Anormalidade no EEG
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Comportamento autista
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Atraso motor
Muito frequente (99-80%)
72sintomas
Muito frequente (9)
Frequente (10)
Ocasional (44)
Sem dados (9)

Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 72 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.

Início na infânciaInfantile onset
Frequência: 11/11100%
Habilidade atrasada de andarDelayed ability to walk
Frequência: 4/4100%
Atraso global grave do desenvolvimentoSevere global developmental delay
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Anormalidade no EEGEEG abnormality
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Comportamento autistaAutistic behavior
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%

Linha do tempo da pesquisa

Publicações por ano — veja quando o interesse científico cresceu
Anos de pesquisa1desde 2026
Últimos 10 anos200publicações
Pico202592 papers
Linha do tempo
2026Hoje · 2026📈 2025Ano de pico
Publicações por ano (últimos 10 anos)

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Genética e causas

O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias

Genes associados

1 gene identificado com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal dominant.

SYT1Synaptotagmin-1Disease-causing germline mutation(s) inAltamente restrito
FUNÇÃO

Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse (By similarity). May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse (By similarity). It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been

LOCALIZAÇÃO

Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle membraneCytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membraneCytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, chromaffin granule membraneCytoplasm

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (3)
Serotonin Neurotransmitter Release CycleNorepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release CycleDopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Baker-Gordon syndrome

An autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile hypotonia, congenital ophthalmic abnormalities, involuntary and hyperkinetic movements, stereotypic behavior, poor or absent speech, EEG abnormalities, and global developmental delay varying in severity from moderate to profound. Behavioral characteristics include sleep disturbance and episodic agitation.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Tecido-específico)
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9
323.3 TPM
Cérebro - Hemisfério cerebelar
265.4 TPM
Cerebelo
160.0 TPM
Córtex cerebral
146.6 TPM
Brain Anterior cingulate cortex BA24
129.2 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (1)
infantile hypotonia-oculomotor anomalies-hyperkinetic movements-developmental delay syndrome
HGNC:11509UniProt:P21579

Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)

60 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.

🧬 SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.88G>T (p.Ala30Ser) ()
🧬 SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.115G>T (p.Ala39Ser) ()
🧬 SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.1062+2T>C ()
🧬 SYT1: GRCh37/hg19 12q21.1-21.31(chr12:74893196-80534739)x1 ()
🧬 SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.167-1G>A ()
Ver todas no ClinVar

Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)

Distribuição de 31 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.

14
14
3
Patogênica (45.2%)
VUS (45.2%)
Benigna (9.7%)
VARIANTES MAIS SIGNIFICATIVAS
SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.352_810+1del [Likely pathogenic]
SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.724G>A (p.Gly242Arg) [Likely pathogenic]
SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.935A>G (p.Tyr312Cys) [Likely pathogenic]
SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.931C>T (p.Pro311Ser) [Likely pathogenic]
SYT1: NM_005639.3(SYT1):c.911A>T (p.Asp304Val) [Likely pathogenic]

Diagnóstico

Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam

Carregando...

Tratamento e manejo

Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar

Carregando informações de tratamento...

Onde tratar no SUS

Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)

🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Síndrome de hipotonia infantil-anomalias oculomotoras-movimentos hipercinéticos-transtorno do desenvolvimento

Centros de Referência SUS

37 centros habilitados pelo SUS para Síndrome de hipotonia infantil-anomalias oculomotoras-movimentos hipercinéticos-transtorno do desenvolvimento

Centros para Síndrome de hipotonia infantil-anomalias oculomotoras-movimentos hipercinéticos-transtorno do desenvolvimento

Detalhes dos centros

Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos (HUPES)

R. Dr. Augusto Viana, s/n - Canela, Salvador - BA, 40110-060 · CNES 0003808

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin

R. Tertuliano Sales, 544 - Vila União, Fortaleza - CE, 60410-794 · CNES 2407876

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin

R. Tertuliano Sales, 544 - Vila União, Fortaleza - CE, 60410-794 · CNES 2407876

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Apoio de Brasília (HAB)

AENW 3 Lote A Setor Noroeste - Plano Piloto, Brasília - DF, 70684-831 · CNES 0010456

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Apoio de Brasília (HAB)

AENW 3 Lote A Setor Noroeste - Plano Piloto, Brasília - DF, 70684-831 · CNES 0010456

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIABA)

Av. Min. Salgado Filho, 918 - Soteco, Vila Velha - ES, 29106-010 · CNES 6631207

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIABA)

Av. Min. Salgado Filho, 918 - Soteco, Vila Velha - ES, 29106-010 · CNES 6631207

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital das Clínicas da UFG

Rua 235 QD. 68 Lote Área, Nº 285, s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia - GO, 74605-050 · CNES 2338424

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital Universitário da UFJF

R. Catulo Breviglieri, Bairro - s/n - Santa Catarina, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-110 · CNES 2297442

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Anomalias Congênitas

Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG

Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte - MG, 30130-100 · CNES 2280167

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG

Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte - MG, 30130-100 · CNES 2280167

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário Julio Müller (HUJM)

R. Luis Philippe Pereira Leite, s/n - Alvorada, Cuiabá - MT, 78048-902 · CNES 2726092

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Anomalias Congênitas

Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto

R. dos Mundurucus, 4487 - Guamá, Belém - PA, 66073-000 · CNES 2337878

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto

R. dos Mundurucus, 4487 - Guamá, Belém - PA, 66073-000 · CNES 2337878

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW)

R. Tabeliao Estanislau Eloy, 585 - Castelo Branco, João Pessoa - PB, 58050-585 · CNES 0002470

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Anomalias Congênitas

Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP)

R. dos Coelhos, 300 - Boa Vista, Recife - PE, 50070-902 · CNES 0000647

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP)

R. dos Coelhos, 300 - Boa Vista, Recife - PE, 50070-902 · CNES 0000647

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Pequeno Príncipe

R. Des. Motta, 1070 - Água Verde, Curitiba - PR, 80250-060 · CNES 3143805

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Pequeno Príncipe

R. Des. Motta, 1070 - Água Verde, Curitiba - PR, 80250-060 · CNES 3143805

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá (HUM)

Av. Mandacaru, 1590 - Parque das Laranjeiras, Maringá - PR, 87083-240 · CNES 2216108

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Anomalias Congênitas

Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR

R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba - PR, 80060-900 · CNES 2364980

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR

R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba - PR, 80060-900 · CNES 2364980

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ)

Blvd. 28 de Setembro, 77 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20551-030 · CNES 2280221

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz)

Av. Rui Barbosa, 716 - Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22250-020 · CNES 2269988

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz)

Av. Rui Barbosa, 716 - Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22250-020 · CNES 2269988

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS

Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000 · CNES 2232928

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)

Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Bloco A - Av. Protásio Alves, 211 - Bloco B e C - Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre - RS, 90035-903 · CNES 2237601

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)

Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Bloco A - Av. Protásio Alves, 211 - Bloco B e C - Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre - RS, 90035-903 · CNES 2237601

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário da UFSC (HU-UFSC)

R. Profa. Maria Flora Pausewang - Trindade, Florianópolis - SC, 88036-800 · CNES 2560356

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP

R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 225 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-010 · CNES 2077485

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP

R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 225 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-010 · CNES 2077485

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto

Av. Brg. Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, São José do Rio Preto - SP, 15090-000 · CNES 2079798

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Anomalias Congênitas

Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP

R. Vital Brasil, 251 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-888 · CNES 2748223

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP

R. Vital Brasil, 251 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-888 · CNES 2748223

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto (HCRP-USP)

R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto - SP, 14015-010 · CNES 2082187

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto (HCRP-USP)

R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto - SP, 14015-010 · CNES 2082187

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

UNIFESP / Hospital São Paulo

R. Napoleão de Barros, 715 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP, 04024-002 · CNES 2688689

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo
Sobre os centros SUS: Estes centros são habilitados pelo Ministério da Saúde como Serviços de Referência em Doenças Raras ou Serviços de Atenção Especializada. O atendimento é pelo SUS, com encaminhamento da rede de atenção básica.

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Publicações mais relevantes

Timeline de publicações
0 papers (10 anos)
#1

Wernicke Encephalopathy Complicating a Distinctive POLG Phenotype With MNGIE-Like Features.

European journal of neurology2026 Mar

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease caused by variants in the thymidine phosphorylase gene (TYMP), primarily characterized by severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. The complete phenotype of MNGIE has not been linked to any gene other than TYMP. We describe two identical twins who exhibited delayed psychomotor development, infantile bilateral cataract, congenital demyelinating polyneuropathy, and severe progressive gastrointestinal dysmotility with recurrent pseudo-obstruction episodes, along with diffuse supratentorial leukoencephalopathy that mainly overlaps with classic TYMP-related MNGIE. During the course of the disease, one patient developed Wernicke encephalopathy, triggered by chronic malnutrition related to recurrent gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction. This patient later suffered from a catastrophic stroke-like episode, resulting in massive cerebral edema and brain death at the age of 38. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a custom-targeted mitochondrial gene panel identified two compound heterozygous variants in the POLG gene: the paternal variants p.Thr251Ile and p.Pro587Leu, occurring in cis, and the novel maternal variant p.Arg853Gly. Quantification of mtDNA by real-time PCR on skeletal muscle DNA detected significant depletion, but no multiple deletions were detected with mtDNA analysis by long-range PCR and Nanopore sequencing. These cases showed a very distinctive POLG phenotype, with some MNGIE-like features, expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of the POLG-related diseases. Additionally, they highlighted the importance of monitoring for thiamine deficiency in mitochondrial patients with severe gastrointestinal dysmotility who experience sudden clinical deterioration.

#2

Clinical Presentation, Genetics, and Laboratory Testing with Integrated Genetic Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms in Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes: A Review.

International journal of molecular sciences2026 Jan 27

Prader-Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes were the first examples in humans with errors in genomic imprinting, usually from de novo 15q11-q13 deletions of different parent origin (paternal in PWS and maternal in AS). Dozens of genes and transcripts are found in the 15q11-q13 region, and may play a role in PWS, specifically paternally expressed SNURF-SNRPN and MAGEL2 genes, while AS is due to the maternally expressed UBE3A gene. These three causative genes, including their encoding proteins, were targeted. This review article summarizes and illustrates the current understanding and cause of both PWS and AS using strategies to include the literature sources of key words and searchable web-based programs with databases for integrated gene and protein interactions, biological processes, and molecular mechanisms available for the two imprinting disorders. The SNURF-SNRPN gene is key in developing complex spliceosomal snRNP assemblies required for mRNA processing, cellular events, splicing, and binding required for detailed protein production and variation, neurodevelopment, immunodeficiency, and cell migration. The MAGEL2 gene is involved with the regulation of retrograde transport and promotion of endosomal assembly, oxytocin and reproduction, as well as circadian rhythm, transcriptional activity control, and appetite. The UBE3A gene encodes a key enzyme for the ubiquitin protein degradation system, apoptosis, tumor suppression, cell adhesion, and targeting proteins for degradation, autophagy, signaling pathways, and circadian rhythm. PWS is characterized early with infantile hypotonia, a poor suck, and failure to thrive with hypogenitalism/hypogonadism. Later, growth and other hormone deficiencies, developmental delays, and behavioral problems are noted with hyperphagia and morbid obesity, if not externally controlled. AS is characterized by seizures, lack of speech, severe learning disabilities, inappropriate laughter, and ataxia. This review captures the clinical presentation, natural history, causes with genetics, mechanisms, and description of established laboratory testing for genetic confirmation of each disorder. Three separate searchable web-based programs and databases that included information from the updated literature and other sources were used to identify and examine integrated genetic findings with predicted gene and protein interactions, molecular mechanisms and functions, biological processes, pathways, and gene-disease associations for candidate or causative genes per disorder. The natural history, review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, genetics, and genetic-phenotypic findings were described along with computational biology, molecular mechanisms, genetic testing approaches, and status for each disorder, management and treatment options, clinical trial experiences, and future strategies. Conclusions and limitations were discussed to improve understanding, clinical care, genetics, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic agents, and genetic counseling for those with these genomic imprinting disorders.

#3

Neurological Consequences of Infantile Vitamin B12 Deficiency - A Prospective Cohort Study.

Pediatric neurology2026 Apr

The purpose of this research is to study the neurological consequences of infantile vitamin B12 deficiency on the developing brain. A prospective cohort study was done in consecutive children with Infantile B12 deficiency. Clinical evaluation, developmental assessment, blood investigations, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed at baseline and after therapy with injectable vitamin B12. Among 141 children (median age-13 months), developmental delay was observed in 131 (93%), and 79 (56%) had regression. Eighty (57%) babies had head circumference of < -2 Z score. At baseline, the MRI of the brain was abnormal in 137 (97.2%), showing thinning of corpus callosum (n = 133, 94.3%), cerebral cortical atrophy (n = 128, 90.8%), cerebellar atrophy (n = 126, 89.4%), atrophy of midbrain (n = 81, 57.4%) and pons (n = 78, 55.3%). A follow-up MRI done in 98 (69.5%) showed 66 (67%) had one or more residual abnormalities. The baseline full-scale developmental quotient was 22 (interquartile range: 13-30), while the follow-up full-scale developmental quotient score was 47.5 (interquartile range: 42.5-55). Seventy-nine (67.5%) had a follow-up developmental quotient of less than 50, implying moderate to severe developmental retardation. Despite therapy, children affected by the infantile B12 deficiency syndrome have significant lasting effects on the brain, evident as poor head growth, developmental deficits, and residual brain imaging changes. Pediatric cataracts are a leading cause of treatable childhood blindness. Delayed recognition and treatment are associated with substantial social, economic, and emotional consequences at the individual, familial, and community levels. Effective management remains challenging because prevention of irreversible amblyopia depends on early identification, timely diagnosis, and prompt intervention. Population-based vision screening programs and caregiver recognition of early signs, such as leukocoria and strabismus, facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment. Favorable visual outcomes depend on comprehensive preoperative assessment, accurate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, meticulous surgical technique, and coordinated postoperative care, including visual rehabilitation. Optimal management requires an interprofessional approach involving pediatrics, anesthesiology, ophthalmology, and optometry. Globally, pediatric cataracts constitute a major cause of preventable childhood blindness, particularly in low- and middle-income regions, where delayed diagnosis frequently results in advanced clinical presentations, including nystagmus, poor fixation, and dense lens opacities. Early surgical intervention is associated with improved visual outcomes, enhanced functional development, and reduced long-term socioeconomic burden. Pediatric cataracts account for approximately 5% to 20% of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 1.8 to 3.6 per 10,000 children per year and a prevalence ranging from 1 to 15 per 10,000 children. Population-based data show similar trends in high-income settings. Holmes et al reported a prevalence of 3 to 4 visually significant cataracts per 10,000 live births in the US. A study by Rahi et al in the UK reported a prevalence of 3.18 per 10,000 live births, whereas Nile et al reported an incidence of approximately 5 per 10,000 births in China. Despite regional differences in detection and reporting, consistent findings across studies indicate no significant laterality or sex-based predilection. Hereditary congenital cataracts have a prevalence of 8.3% and 25%, with approximately 75% of cases following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Pathogenic variants in crystallin proteins, which are essential for maintaining lens transparency and refractive function, have been associated with several cataract subtypes, including nuclear, lamellar, zonular, and posterior polar. Nonsyndromic inherited cataracts frequently involve genetic alterations in crystallin or connexin genes. PITX3 mutations are specifically linked to posterior polar cataracts, while PAX6 alterations are associated with anterior polar cataracts. Syndromic cataracts are linked to specific genetic defects, including α-galactosidase A in Fabry disease, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) in galactosemia, OCRL in Lowe (oculocerebrorenal) syndrome, and NHS in Nance–Horan syndrome, a cataract–dental disorder (see Image. Congenital Cataracts and Abnormal Galactose Metabolism). Maternal and congenital infections, particularly Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis)—collectively known as TORCH pathogens—are also major contributors to pediatric cataracts. B Mahalakshmi et al reported a high prevalence of TORCH infections in the Indian subcontinent, with 20% of cases testing seropositive. Ocular trauma is another significant cause, accounting for 12% to 46% of pediatric cataract cases. Concerns exist regarding the higher incidence of complications, such as glaucoma, uveitis, dense posterior capsule opacification, and increased secondary interventions following primary IOL implantation in children younger than 2. Primary IOL implantation in this age group has nevertheless demonstrated safety, with excellent long-term outcomes compared to aphakia and secondary IOL implantation after age 2. The myopic shift is generally well controlled; visual acuity outcomes are favorable; and the incidence of complications, such as glaucoma, uveitis, membrane formation, synechiae, and the need for secondary interventions, is lower than previously reported. Special care is necessary for infants younger than 6 months because of the increased risk of adverse events in smaller eyes. The process of emmetropisation in children is typically complete by age 12, with axial length increasing from approximately 16.5 mm at birth to 23 mm by age 13. This growth proceeds in 3 phases: rapid (0.46 mm/month from birth to 6 months), infantile (0.15 mm/month from 6 to 18 months), and juvenile (0.15 mm/month from 18 months to 12 years). Corneal curvature also changes significantly, with mean keratometry readings decreasing from approximately 51.2 D at birth to 43.5 D in adulthood. Consequently, IOL power selection in pediatric patients must account for axial elongation and the associated myopic shift. This consideration necessitates the use of pediatric-specific IOL power calculation formulas adapted for ongoing ocular growth. Sharp-edged IOLs are now widely preferred due to an association with lower rates of visual axis opacification (VAO). Compared with round-edged lenses, sharp-edged designs result in fewer neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulotomies, occurring in 1 of 371 eyes compared with 4 of 371 eyes. Prompt management of pediatric cataracts is essential for optimal visual development. Most children with congenital or developmental cataracts require surgical intervention. Initial assessment of visual significance may be performed using the red reflex during distant direct ophthalmoscopy (see Image. Red Reflex). For visually significant cataracts, bilateral cases should be treated between 6 and 8 weeks of age, while unilateral cases require earlier intervention, typically between 4 and 6 weeks.

#4

A novel NSD2 pathogenic variant in a Chinese patient with Rauch-Steindl syndrome: a case report.

BMC neurology2026 Jan 27

Rauch-Steindl syndrome (RSS) is a very rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the NSD2 gene, characterized by dysmorphic facial features, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, and variable developmental delay. We report the case of a 16-month-old Han Chinese girl who presented with typical features of RSS, including prenatal and postnatal growth failure, low body mass index, global developmental delay, expressive language impairment, infantile feeding difficulties, and distinctive dysmorphic facies (triangular face, broad forehead, high anterior hairline, deep-set eyes, full cheeks, thin and high nasal bridge, thick lower lip vermilion). She also exhibited mildly increased muscular tone in the lower limbs, transient recurrent respiratory infections, and a persistent atrial septal defect (ASD). Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel de novo heterozygous nonsense variant, NSD2 (NM_001042424.3): c.1466 C > G (p.Ser489Ter), in exon 6 on chromosome 4, which was classified as pathogenic according to ACMG guidelines. Notably, the patient exhibited an ASD that persisted through follow-up beyond 31 months of age, a feature not previously documented in RSS. Thus, we report a novel pathogenic NSD2 variant alongside the presence of ASD in this individual, a feature not previously documented in RSS.

#5

Etiology of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome and Clinical Response With Vigabatrin as the First Treatment.

Pediatric neurology2026 Mar

Etiology is an important predictor for treatment outcomes of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). In Thailand, vigabatrin (VGB) is the first-line treatment for all patients due to the unavailability of adrenocorticotropic hormone. We aimed to determine the etiology of IESS using the 2017 International League Against Epilepsy classification and evaluate the clinical response of VGB as a first-line treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on IESS-diagnosed patients between January 2013 and December 2022. Etiology was categorized per the 2017 International League Against Epilepsy classification. Clinical outcomes were assessed at days 14-42 and one year after treatment. We included 191 IESS patients (57.6% males). Etiology was identified in 75.4% (structural 61.2%: 48.1% with nontuberous sclerosis complex [non-TSC] and 13.1% with TSC; genetic, 6.3%; infectious, 6.3%; and metabolic, 1.6%). Among the 163 patients who received VGB as first-line treatment, 50 (30.7%) achieved clinical cessation of epileptic spasms at days 14-42, and 44 patients (27.0%) had sustained freedom of epileptic spasms at one year. Patients with TSC etiology were more likely to achieve cessation of epileptic spasms at day 14-42 after treatment (adjusted OR 3.548, 95% confidence interval 1.193, 10.550, P = 0.023). Definite developmental delay at spasm diagnosis decreased the odds of sustained clinical freedom from epileptic spasms at one year (adjusted OR 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.09, 0.74, P = 0.012). The etiology of IESS was identified in 75%. VGB was most effective as first-line, short-term treatment in TSC patients, and one-year treatment in children with normal development at diagnosis of IESS.

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Experimental neurology
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Pseudoparalysis in Infantile Vitamin B12 Deficiency.

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Epilepsia
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[Genetic and clinical characteristics in epilepsy patients with ATP6V1A gene variants].

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Outcomes in West syndrome: Association of genetic and perinatal etiologies with early diagnosis and therapy.

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
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Novel SIAH1 Frameshift Variant in a Chilean Patient With Buratti-Harel Syndrome.

Case reports in genetics
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Recurrent fever-associated acute liver failure and cranial dysmorphism in children caused by RINT1 gene mutations: a rare case report.

Frontiers in pediatrics
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Genetic Etiology of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy in a Turkish Cohort: A Single-Center Study with Targeted Gene Panel and Whole Exome Sequencing.

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One Size Does Not Fit All: Novel Individualized Use of Dexamethasone in Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.

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Altered Dopamine Metabolism and Response to Treatment with Levodopa/Carbidopa in MCT8 Deficiency.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society
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Neuro-developmental outcomes in infants with vitamin B12-deficiency and neurologic features.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
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Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency and Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome in a 13-Year-Old Male With Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Case Report.

Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates &amp; Practitioners
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Novel PAK1 variants related to a variable phenotypic spectrum ranging from mild developmental delay to infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Seizure
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Long-Term Seizure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Three Children with Developmental Delay, Epilepsy, and Neonatal Diabetes (DEND) Syndrome after Early Initiation of Sulphonylurea.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children.

Indian journal of hematology &amp; blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion
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New Pathogenic Variant in the GLI3 Gene in the First Colombian Patient Associated With Pallister-Hall Syndrome: A Clinical Report.

Molecular genetics &amp; genomic medicine
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Multiple phenotypic traits including developmental impairment in a Chinese family with infantile convulsion and choreoathetosis syndrome: a case study expanding the clinical spectrum of prrt2-related syndrome.

BMC pediatrics
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Phenotypic variability in cystinosis: Lessons from an atypical case.

Nefrologia
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Annals of allergy, asthma &amp; immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, &amp; Immunology
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The molecular basis of KCNH1-related epileptic encephalopathy and the challenge of developing targeted therapeutics.

Brain : a journal of neurology
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Consanguinity and treatment strategy determine seizure outcome and mortality in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in Azerbaijan.

Seizure
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Prenatal betamethasone-postnatal N-methyl-D-aspartic acid model of spasms: Update on mechanisms and treatments.

Epilepsia open
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Distinct T Cell Dysregulation Reflects Disease Severity and Progression in Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Immune network
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Safety and efficacy of Igk-TATk-CDKL5 gene therapy in mosaic CDKL5 deficiency.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
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Restrictive strabismus caused by infantile myositis masquerading as Duane retraction syndrome.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
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Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B
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A Case of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome with the SPTBN1 Mutation and Review of βII-Spectrin Variants.

Genes
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Rapid Electroclinical Evolution in HECW2-Related Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy: Report of a Likely Splicing Variant With Familial Transmission.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
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Imaging Findings of Vigabatrin-Associated Neurotoxicity in a 12-Month-Old With Infantile Epileptic Spasm Syndrome.

Cureus
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Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia With Infantile Convulsions in a Child With Inherited Co-deletion of 16p11.2 and 16p12.2: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cureus
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Antiseizure medications in CDKL5 encephalopathy- systematic review.

Seizure
2026

Clinical insights into dental care for siblings with Jamuar syndrome: a rare genetic dual case report.

European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry
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Integrated Genomic Approach: A Five Exon Intragenic Deletion in UNC80 Combines With a Novel Splice Variant to Cause IHPRF2 Syndrome in an Italian Family.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
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A zebrafish model unravels the role of PHF21A in neurodevelopment and epilepsy.

Neuroscience
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Prolonged Follow-Up in a 30-Year-Old Male With a Novel Pathogenic Variant in MSL3 : A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
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Treatment of PDGFRB -Related Penttinen Syndrome With Imatinib in a Young Child.

American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics
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Beyond Myoclonus-Seizures, Epilepsy Syndromes and Atypical Electroencephalographic (EEG) Findings in Children With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.

Journal of child neurology
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HECW2 Gene Mutation: A Rare Cause of West Syndrome: A Case Report.

Neurology India
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Brain tumours as an unrecognized etiology of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS): The role of resective epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsy &amp; behavior reports
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Challenges in the Diagnosis of Infantile Enterocolitis and Rare Auto-Inflammatory Syndromes: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Clinical case reports
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Investigating the Association Between Infantile Colic and Parental Migraine.

Pediatric neurology
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Epileptic Spasms in Septo-Optic-Pituitary Dysplasia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Pediatric neurology
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A novel truncated mutation in folate receptor α (FRα) affecting its glycosylation and affinity for folate in a consanguineous family with progressive encephalopathy: follow up and treatment improvement.

Molecular biology reports
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Disrupted Motor Neuron and Neuromuscular Junction Development in an Albino Mice Model of Infantile Nystagmus.

Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science
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Cleft Lip Appearance Secondary to Ulcerating Hemangioma.

Cureus
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Syndromic gingival fibromatosis associated with pathogenic variation in the voltage-gated potassium channel gene KCNH1: a case report and proposed treatment protocol.

BMC oral health
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Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: predictors of short- and long-term outcomes.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2025

[Clinical features and genetic analysis of a child with Christianson syndrome due to variant of SLC9A6 gene].

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics
2025

New variants and genotype-phenotype correlation of PPP3CA-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Frontiers in neuroscience
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Detection of epileptic spasms using foundational AI and smartphone videos.

NPJ digital medicine
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Clinical, metabolic, and genetic characteristics of 42 children with mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency in China.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
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Two unique cases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in childhood treated with anti-interleukin-5 therapy: infantile-onset and submandibular salivary gland involvement.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal
2025

Phenotypic Spectrum of KATNIP-Associated Joubert Syndrome: Possible Association with Esophageal Atresia and Review of the Literature.

Genes
2025

Exploring neurodevelopment in CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Current insights and future directions.

Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B
2025

Deletion of RAI1 noncoding exons 1-2 causes Smith-Magenis syndrome.

Journal of genetics
2026

Understanding speech and language in KIF1A-associated neurological disorder.

European journal of human genetics : EJHG
2025

New Phenotypes Associated With Pathogenic RNASEH2B and SAMHD1 Variants.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
2025

Aicardi syndrome: Clinical spectrum of a rare disorder.

Journal of family medicine and primary care
2025

STXBP1 Syndrome: Biotechnological Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives in Gene Therapy, Experimental Models, and Translational Research.

Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))
2024

SLC2A1 variants cause late-onset epilepsy and the genetic-dependent stage feature : For the China Epilepsy Gene 1.0 Project.

Acta epileptologica
2025

RNA sequencing driven diagnosis expands the phenotypic spectrum of NBAS deficiency.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2025

The phenotypic spectrum of YWHAG-related epilepsy: From mild febrile seizures to severe developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy.

Developmental medicine and child neurology
2025

Clinical whole genome sequencing in pediatric epilepsy: Genetic and phenotypic spectrum of 733 individuals.

Epilepsia
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Epilepsy associated with chromosomal disorders.

Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B
2025

Dental Developmental Anomalies in Facial Segmental Hemangiomas Not Related to PHACES.

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Gaze behavior in infancy associates with developmental outcome at the age of two years in early-onset epilepsies.

Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B
2025

Expanding the SIAH1-Associated Phenotypic Spectrum: Insights From Loss-of-Function Variants.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2025

The role of CSNK1A1 and its de novo mutations in infantile spasms syndrome.

Human molecular genetics
2025

MBOAT7 encephalopathy: Characterizing the neurology and epileptology.

Epilepsia
2025

Natural History of Patients With Mitochondrial ATPase Deficiency Due to Pathogenic Variants of MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8.

Neurology
2025

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Pediatric blood &amp; cancer
2025

Genetic Epilepsies With Onset in Infancy and Toddlerhood: A Prospective Single-Center Study in India.

Pediatric neurology
2025

A Novel KMT2E Splicing Variant as a Cause of O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan Syndrome With West Syndrome: Expansion of the Phenotype and Genotype.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
2025

Genotype-Phenotype Landscape of NALCN and UNC80-Related Disorders.

Neurology
2025

Transcript Long-Read Sequencing Unveils the Molecular Complexity of a Novel ROGDI Splicing Variant in a Tunisian Family With Kohlschütter-Tönz Syndrome.

Clinical genetics
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Neonatal-Onset Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia-Like Syndrome Caused by De Novo FRMD5 Variant Responsive to IV Steroid Pulse Therapy: Case Report.

Neurology. Genetics
2025

The Natural Course of Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome.

Clinical genetics
2025

Evaluating the efficacy of very high-dose oral prednisolone in West syndrome: in Uttar Pradesh, India, a resource-limited setting.

Journal of tropical pediatrics
2025

Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of DNM1-related disorders: novel GTPase domain variants and their diverse neurological outcomes.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
2025

Evaluating the effectiveness of medical therapy in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome due to surgically-remediable lesions.

Epilepsia
2025

A Study of Body Composition in Children Suffering From Infantile Vitamin B12 Deficiency.

Journal of paediatrics and child health
2025

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: Unveiling clinical and genetic variability in a case series from Argentina.

Seizure
2025

A Novel Pathogenic Splicing Mutation of OFD1 is Responsible for a Boy with Joubert Syndrome Exhibiting Orofaciodigital Spectrum Anomalies, Polydactyly and Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine
2024

[Typical pediatric hemolytic uremic syndrome in Algeria : prognostic factors].

Nephrologie &amp; therapeutique
2025

Congenital Ataxia with Progressive Cerebellar Atrophy, Camptodactyly, and Hypertrichosis: A Novel Recognizable Phenotype for NALCN Heterozygous Variants.

Neuropediatrics
2024

Outcomes following resective and disconnective strategies in the treatment of epileptic spasms: a systematic review of the literature and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Frontiers in neurology
2025

Genetics of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: 2024 update.

Current opinion in psychiatry
2025

Reversible Perfusion Changes during Acute Attacks in Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome: A Pediatric Case Series.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
2025

No single treatment modality exhibits clear superiority for infantile spasms syndrome: insights from a retrospective cohort study.

Acta neurologica Belgica
2024

Systematic quantitative modeling of the natural history of Aicardi syndrome: A cross sectional study of 245 published cases.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2025

Novel compound heterozygous P4HTM variants in a girl with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: First case report of P4HTM variant-associated epileptic encephalopathy.

Seizure
2024

[Serotonin syndrome secondary to the association of paroxetine and amitriptyline: a case report].

The Pan African medical journal
2024

Identification of a novel ST3GAL5 variant in a Chinese boy with GM3 synthase deficiency and literature review of variants in the ST3GAL5 gene.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2024

A Rare Co-occurrence of Williams Syndrome and 𝘛𝘕𝘒2 Gene-Related Epilepsy.

Cureus
2024

Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: clinical hallmarks.

Rivista di psichiatria
2025

Two familial cases of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome associated with UDP-glucose-6-dehydrogenase deficiency.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape
2024

Longitudinal, multidimensional, observational study of 15 patients with CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery
2024

WWOX-related epileptic encephalopathy caused by a novel mutation in the WWOX gene: a case report.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2024

The Aggravation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in the Offspring of a Korean Family with Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay Caused by a Novel ARX p.Lys385Ter Variant.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Ultrasound for infantile midgut malrotation: Techniques, pearls, and pitfalls.

Pediatric radiology
2024

[Phenotype of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome in pyridoxin-dependent epilepsy].

Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences
2024

Rare CCND2 (p.Thr280Ile) Variant Associated With Infantile Spasms in a Patient With Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus Syndrome.

Pediatric neurology
2024

Rapid identification of primary atopic disorders (PAD) by a clinical landmark-guided, upfront use of genomic sequencing.

Allergologie select
2024

Biallelic Deletion of PEX26 Exon 4 in a Boy with Phenotypic Features of both Zellweger Syndrome and Infantile Refsum Disease.

Molecular syndromology
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Adapting Action Recognition Neural Networks for Automated Infantile Spasm Detection.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
2024

Vitamin B12 responsive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to a novel mutation in the FUT2 gene: a case report.

BMC pediatrics
2024

A rare cause of epileptic encephalopathy: case report of a novel patient with PEHO-like phenotype and CCDC88A gene pathogenic variants.

Italian journal of pediatrics
2024

Factors influencing efficacy and relapse of adrenocorticotropic hormone in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B
2025

Biallelic PTPMT1 variants disrupt cardiolipin metabolism and lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome.

Brain : a journal of neurology
2024

An expert rule-based approach for identifying infantile-onset Pompe disease patients using retrospective electronic health records.

Scientific reports
2025

Clinical and genetic delineation of autosomal recessive and dominant ACTL6B-related developmental brain disorders.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
2024

A New De Novo Missense Variant of the TET3 Gene in a Patient with Epilepsy and Macrocephaly.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

New evidence supports RYR3 as a candidate gene for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Frontiers in neurology
2024

Role of pediatric dentist in West syndrome rehabilitation: A case report.

Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry
2025

Deletions in the CDKL5 5' untranslated region lead to CDKL5 deficiency disorder.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2024

Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor: A Case Report on Abnormal Breathing Found in a Late-Preterm Infant.

Cureus
2024

Inherited PURA Pathogenic Variant Associated With a Mild Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

Neurology. Genetics
2024

Childhood gratification syndrome: Demystifying the clinical conundrum with a narrative literature review of the past 5 decades.

Indian journal of psychiatry
2024

Long-term effects of luteolin in a mouse model of nephropathic cystinosis.

Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie
2024

Natural history of deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2024

Caregiver Perspective of Benefits and Side Effects of Anti-Seizure Medications in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder from an International Database.

CNS drugs
2024

[Genotype and phenotype of WWOX gene related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics
2024

Comprehensive scoping review of fenfluramine's role in managing generalized tonic-clonic seizures in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Epilepsia
2024

Col4a2 Mutations Contribute to Infantile Epileptic Spasm Syndrome and Neuroinflammation.

International journal of medical sciences
2024

A Case of CDKL5 Deficiency Due to an X Chromosome Pericentric Inversion: Delineation of Structural Rearrangements as an Overlooked Recurrent Pathological Mechanism.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Autosomal Recessive Infantile Hyaline Fibromatosis Identified Using Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing: A Rare, Multisystemic, Hereditary Disorder.

Cureus
2024

Trichohepatoenteric syndrome type 1: expanding the clinical spectrum of THES type 1 due to a homozygous variant in the SKIC3 gene.

BMC pediatrics
2025

Nutritional management of the child with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
2024

The anesthetic management of a child with ohtahara syndrome and severe stridor: a case report.

BMC pediatrics
2024

MRI in LARS1 deficiency-Spectrum, patterns, and correlation with acute neurological deterioration.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2024

Two siblings with acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with variants of LARS1.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2024

Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of trichohepatoenteric syndrome: a report of eight patients from five unrelated families.

Molecular biology reports
2024

CDKL5 deficiency-related neurodevelopmental disorders: a multi-center cohort study in Italy.

Journal of neurology
2024

Early onset and liver failure indicating poor prognosis of infant liver failure syndrome type 1.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2024

[Clinical and genetic analysis of a child with West syndrome due to a de novo variant of NEXMIF gene].

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics
2024

Identification and treatment of surgically-remediable causes of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics
2024

NR4A2 as a Novel Target Gene for Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review of Related Disorders and Therapeutic Strategies.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Epilepsies with onset during the first year of life: A prospective study on syndromes, etiologies, and outcomes.

Epilepsia open
2024

Case Report: Efficacy, safety, and favorable long-term outcome of early treatment with IL-1 inhibitors in a patient with chronic infantile neurological cutaneous articular (CINCA) syndrome caused by NLRP3 mosaicism.

Frontiers in pediatrics
2024

Patient with a heterozygous pathogenic variant in CSNK2A1 gene: A new case to update the Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2024

Massive pericardial effusion in an infant with Aymé-Gripp syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2024

Infantile tremor syndrome with global developmental delay and microcephaly in a 16-month-old male: a case report.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
2024

Phenotypic Description of A Patient with ODLURO Syndrome and Functional Characterization of the Pathogenetic Role of A Synonymous Variant c.186G>A in KMT2E Gene.

Genes
2024

Discovery of a novel homozygous SOD1 truncating variant bolsters infantile SOD1 deficiency syndrome.

Molecular biology reports
2024

Genetic exploration of Dravet syndrome: two case report.

Journal of medical case reports
2024

Gut microbiota profile in CDKL5 deficiency disorder patients.

Scientific reports
2024

A missense variant in the PACS2 gene cause Epileptic Encephalopathy and seizures in Saudi family.

Pakistan journal of medical sciences
2024

Novel copy number variations and phenotypes of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Clinical genetics
2024

Congenital Heart Defects in Patients with Molecularly Confirmed Sotos Syndrome.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
2024

Early-onset West syndrome with developmental delay associated with a novel KLHL20 variant.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2024

Clinical Reasoning: A 19-Month-Old Girl With Infantile-Onset Myopathy and White Matter Changes.

Neurology
2024

Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Nine Cases of NLRP3-Associated Autoinflammatory Disease (NLRP3-AID) and Identification of One Novel NLRP3 Mutation by Genetic Variation Analyses.

Journal of immunology research
2024

Predictors of medical intractability in children with epilepsy onset during the first two years of life, excluding infantile epileptic spasm syndrome.

Seizure
2024

Genetic variant reanalysis reveals a case of Sandhoff disease with onset of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome.

Acta epileptologica
2024

Providing quality care for people with CDKL5 deficiency disorder: A European expert panel opinion on the patient journey.

Epilepsia open
2024

Identification of a novel splice-site WWOX variant with paternal uniparental isodisomy in a patient with infantile epileptic encephalopathy.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2024

Long-term remission of infantile Takayasu arteritis associated with germline CBL syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review.

Transplant immunology
2024

A Potential Mechanism of Neurological Impairment in Children With Infantile Spasm: Based on Microanatomic Structure Analysis Employing Voxel-Based Morphometry and Surface-Based Morphometry.

Pediatric neurology
2024

Infantile hemiparesis and porencephaly due to a COL4A1 mutation: Gould syndrome.

BMJ case reports
2024

Timing the clinical onset of epileptic spasms in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A tertiary health center's experience.

Epilepsia
2024

ATN1-related infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy responding to Ketogenic diet.

Seizure
2023

The Impact of Integration of a Genetic Clinic Into a Pediatric Cardiac Unit.

Cureus
2024

NT-proBNP course during MIS-C post-COVID-19: an observational study.

European journal of pediatrics
2023

Diversity of Clinical and Molecular Characteristics in Korean Patients with 16p11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Diagnosis, epilepsy treatment and supports for neurodevelopment in children with Dravet Syndrome: Caregiver reported experiences and needs.

Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B
2024

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of Australian families with self-limited familial epilepsy of neonatal/infantile onset.

Seizure
2024

Does the absence or presence of sleep spindles on EEG have prognostic value for cognitive outcome in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome? A systematic literature review.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape
2024

Novel Homozygous Variants of SLC13A5 Expand the Functional Heterogeneity of a Homogeneous Syndrome of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Pediatric neurology
2024

Approach to Congenital Diarrhea and Enteropathies (CODEs).

Indian journal of pediatrics
2024

Late infantile epileptic encephalopathy: A distinct developmental and epileptic encephalopathy syndrome.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape
2023

Deep computational phenotyping of genomic variants impacting the SET domain of KMT2C reveal molecular mechanisms for their dysfunction.

Frontiers in genetics
2024

Real-life data comparing the efficacy of vigabatrin and oral steroids given sequentially or combined for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
2024

Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome as a new NR2F1 gene phenotype.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
2024

Clinical and genetic analysis of infants with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 caused by RARS2 variations.

Epilepsia open
2024

Outcomes and experiences of adults with congenital hypogonadism can inform improvements in the management of delayed puberty.

Journal of pediatric endocrinology &amp; metabolism : JPEM
2024

Delays to care in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: Racial and ethnic inequities.

Epilepsia
2023

Case report: De novo variant of SETD1A causes infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Frontiers in neurology

Associações

Organizações que acompanham esta doença — pra ter apoio e orientação

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Comunidades

Grupos ativos de quem convive com esta doença aqui no Raras

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Doenças relacionadas

Doenças com sintomas parecidos — ajudam quem ainda está buscando diagnóstico

Ordenadas pelo número de sintomas em comum.

Referências e fontes

Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo

Publicações científicas

Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.

  1. Wernicke Encephalopathy Complicating a Distinctive POLG Phenotype With MNGIE-Like Features.
    European journal of neurology· 2026· PMID 41841518mais citado
  2. Clinical Presentation, Genetics, and Laboratory Testing with Integrated Genetic Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms in Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes: A Review.
    International journal of molecular sciences· 2026· PMID 41683698mais citado
  3. Neurological Consequences of Infantile Vitamin B12 Deficiency - A Prospective Cohort Study.
    Pediatric neurology· 2026· PMID 41653777mais citado
  4. A novel NSD2 pathogenic variant in a Chinese patient with Rauch-Steindl syndrome: a case report.
    BMC neurology· 2026· PMID 41593547mais citado
  5. Etiology of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome and Clinical Response With Vigabatrin as the First Treatment.
    Pediatric neurology· 2026· PMID 41529348mais citado
  6. From breast to bite: Nutritional management in infantile food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES).
    Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol· 2025· PMID 40998116recente
  7. A Potential Mechanism of Neurological Impairment in Children With Infantile Spasm: Based on Microanatomic Structure Analysis Employing Voxel-Based Morphometry and Surface-Based Morphometry.
    Pediatr Neurol· 2024· PMID 38367486recente
  8. Timing the clinical onset of epileptic spasms in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A tertiary health center's experience.
    Epilepsia· 2024· PMID 38317356recente
  9. Novel Homozygous Variants of SLC13A5 Expand the Functional Heterogeneity of a Homogeneous Syndrome of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy.
    Pediatr Neurol· 2024· PMID 38113697recente
  10. Real-life data comparing the efficacy of vigabatrin and oral steroids given sequentially or combined for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.
    Eur J Paediatr Neurol· 2024· PMID 38041897recente

Bases de dados e fontes oficiais

Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.

  1. ORPHA:522077(Orphanet)
  2. OMIM OMIM:618218(OMIM)
  3. MONDO:0033864(MONDO)
  4. GARD:17962(GARD (NIH))
  5. Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
  6. Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)

Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.

Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar

Compêndio · Raras BR

Síndrome de hipotonia infantil-anomalias oculomotoras-movimentos hipercinéticos-transtorno do desenvolvimento

ORPHA:522077 · MONDO:0033864
Prevalência
<1 / 1 000 000
Casos
11 casos conhecidos
Herança
Autosomal dominant
CID-10
F84.8 · Outros transtornos globais do desenvolvimento
Início
Infancy
Prevalência
0.0 (Worldwide)
MedGen
UMLS
C4748715
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