Botulismo que ocorre entre 28 dias a um ano de vida.
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
Botulismo que ocorre entre 28 dias a um ano de vida.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
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1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 17 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 31 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Nenhum gene associado encontrado
Os dados genéticos desta condição ainda estão sendo catalogados.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Botulismo infantil
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Publicações mais relevantes
The unsung hero: ntnh gene as complementary botulism marker.
Botulism is a rare but severe neurological disease caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). Standard diagnostic methods including the mouse bioassay (SMB) and bont gene type-specific PCR, are often limited by the high genetic diversity among bont subtypes, which can lead to false-negative results. The nontoxin-nonhemagglutinin (ntnh) gene is highly conserved and exclusively co-located with the bont gene complex. Thus, this study evaluates the use of ntnh gene as a complementary diagnostic tool for botulism and assesses its association with BoNT types. The ntnh gene was detected in a prospective BoNT-diagnostic group (n=88) and a BoNT-historical group (n=54). Toxin cluster proteins were identified in GenBank and RefSeq Clostridium proteomes using MMSeqs2. ntnh gene detection reinforced positive results from SMB or bont gene tests in 26 cases (35.62% of the total confirmed cases) of foodborne and infant botulism. In two foodborne cases from the BoNT-diagnostic group, the ntnh gene was detected despite negative results from both SMB and bont gene tests, highlighting its potential to identify missed cases. An in silico analysis of 3,250 RefSeq and 2,494 GenBank annotated Clostridium proteomes was conducted. respectively. So, NTNH showed a high co-presence pattern with BoNT. Moreover, NTNH sequences were far more conserved than BoNT sequences in inter-type comparisons (67.2 vs.39.7), which highlights its applicability as a disease biomarker. The ntnh gene analysis is a valuable complementary tool enhancing the diagnosis of botulism. The study highlights the need for clear guidelines to interpret positive ntnh results when direct toxin or bont gene confirmation are negative.
Multistate Infant Botulism Outbreak Associated with Powdered Infant Formula.
AbstractThis report details the identification of an outbreak of infant botulism linked to powdered infant formula in the United States. In October 2025, the Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health (IBTPP-CDPH) noted common powdered infant formula exposure among three neonates with suspected infant botulism. Subsequent laboratory analyses at CDPH identified Clostridium botulinum type A from an open container of ByHeart powdered infant formula associated with one infant with infant botulism. As of December 10, 2025, 51 suspected or confirmed infant botulism cases with exposure to ByHeart powdered infant formula had been identified across 19 states. All ByHeart powdered infant formula has been recalled nationwide.
More Than Just a Floppy Baby: Maintaining High Clinical Suspicion of Infant Botulism.
Infant botulism is a rare and life-threatening condition if left untreated. We report the case of a previously healthy four-week-old male in Arkansas, who presented with progressive lethargy, feeding difficulties, and respiratory compromise following a recent viral respiratory illness. His clinical course was notable for worsening hypotonia, absent reflexes, and eventual respiratory failure requiring intubation. Extensive evaluation for infectious, neurologic, and metabolic causes was initially unrevealing, but further exposure history revealed constipation paired with recent soil exposure, raising suspicion for infant botulism. Botulinum immune globulin (BabyBIG®) was administered, with subsequent gradual clinical improvement. Stool testing later confirmed the presence of botulinum toxin type B. The patient was discharged in stable condition, tolerating full oral feeds, and without further complications. This case underscores the diagnostic difficulty of infant botulism due to early age at presentation, anchoring bias with diagnosis of a recent viral illness, and overlapping symptoms with other neonatal conditions. A detailed exposure history is critical, and early clinical suspicion can facilitate timely treatment and improve outcomes.
Infant Honey Feeding and Associating Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors: Are there risks for infant botulism in Oman?
This study aimed to assess the risks associated with infant botulism in Oman by examining honey-feeding practices among infants and related sociodemographic and clinical factors. This cross-sectional study included Omani mothers with children under 5 years and were conveniently recruited from health centres. Mothers completed an infant feeding practices and beliefs survey between October 2023 and March 2024. Data were represented as frequencies and percentages and analysed via Chi-square test and logistic regression. A total of 3,222 participants were included of which 58.8% were aged 26-35 years. The study found that 38.7% of children were fed honey during their first year. Local Omani honey was used by 34.6%, often for reasons including cough relief (15.2%), boosting immunity (11.6%) and Tahneek (8.6%). Additionally, 16.7% of mothers felt pressured to introduce honey and 45.9% viewed early honey feeding as acceptable. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infant honey feeding was negatively and significantly associated with maternal education (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.91; P <0.001), family income (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51-0.74; P <0.001) and receipt of infant feeding counseling (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97; P = 0.007). Additionally, results indicated that infants who were fed honey had a higher likelihood of experiencing constipation (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51; P = 0.001) and muscle weakness (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.15-2.95; P = 0.011). This study highlights the potential risks of infant botulism in Oman, emphasising the importance of following updated clinical guidelines for optimal infant care and effective reporting.
Clostridioides difficile colonization of Twin Patients Recovering From Infant Botulism.
The prevalence of Clostridioides difficile co-colonization of 107 California patients with suspect infant botulism (IB) was studied over a two-year period. One set of twins with lab-confirmed IB and C. difficile co-colonization was followed longitudinally and their isolated C. difficile was typed by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Stool specimens sent to California Department of Public Health for routine IB diagnostic testing were cultured for C. botulinum and C. difficile. After diagnostic testing identified twin IB patients, their stools collected at weekly and monthly intervals were cultured to determine duration of C. botulinum and C. difficile co-colonization until three consecutive specimens were culture negative for each organism. Twins X and Y were colonized by C. botulinum for a duration of nearly three and four months, followed by C. difficile for eight and seven months, respectively. Continuous colonization by C. difficile was identified in each twin as C. botulinum colonization was waning. They sequentially shared four identical REA types, three toxigenic and one non-toxigenic, including epidemic strain type J9. Neither twin developed C. difficile illness and colonization ceased spontaneously in each. C. difficile co-colonization of laboratory-confirmed IB patients is infrequently encountered. IB in both twins was followed by asymptomatic C. difficile colonization. Risk factors for their respective co-colonization remain unknown, including if previous illness with IB was a potential contributing factor. Although the environmental source of the colonizing strains was not determined, this study highlights the ability of C. difficile to spread to close contacts and persist in the infant intestinal microbiome.
Publicações recentes
Infant Botulism and Honey Exposure: Global Epidemiology, Prevention Policies, and Communication Strategies.
[Evaluation of ventilatory muscles in infants with severe botulism].
The unsung hero: ntnh gene as complementary botulism marker.
Multistate Infant Botulism Outbreak Associated with Powdered Infant Formula.
More Than Just a Floppy Baby: Maintaining High Clinical Suspicion of Infant Botulism.
📚 EuropePMC336 artigos no totalmostrando 133
[Evaluation of ventilatory muscles in infants with severe botulism].
Andes pediatrica : revista Chilena de pediatriaThe unsung hero: ntnh gene as complementary botulism marker.
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiologyMultistate Infant Botulism Outbreak Associated with Powdered Infant Formula.
NEJM evidenceMore Than Just a Floppy Baby: Maintaining High Clinical Suspicion of Infant Botulism.
CureusInfant Honey Feeding and Associating Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors: Are there risks for infant botulism in Oman?
Sultan Qaboos University medical journalClostridioides difficile colonization of Twin Patients Recovering From Infant Botulism.
AnaerobeBotulism Sequelae: A Systematic Review.
Open forum infectious diseasesWhole-genome sequencing-based typing methods for Clostridium butyricum strains from clinical, animal, plant, and environmental sources.
Microbiology spectrumInfant Botulism: A Case Study in Integrated Clinical and Public Health Response.
Clinical case reportsRegional Risk Discrepancy Indicates a Slow Outbreak of Infant Botulism, Victoria, Australia.
The Pediatric infectious disease journalCultural Persistence of Tahnik Practice (Use of Honey) Despite Infant Botulism Risk: A Community-Based Study in Pakistan.
Journal of community health nursingPharmacovigilance and toxicological risks associated with apitherapeutic products: a systematic overview.
Archives of toxicologyAuthor's response: Peanut butter confirmed as the source of a case of infant botulism in the United Kingdom, 2024.
Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletinFeatures of the First Case of Foodborne Botulism Caused by Dual-Toxin Clostridium parabotulinum Subtype A1(B5) in Spain.
ToxinsBotulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.
Journal of neurochemistryPeanut butter confirmed as the source in a case of infant botulism, United Kingdom, 2024.
Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletinDetection of a streptogramin A O-acetyltransferase gene (vatD) in the chromosome of Clostridium botulinum isolated from infants in the United States.
Applied and environmental microbiologyInfant Botulism and Carbohydrate Blood Group Antigens: Preliminary Results from a Discordant Twin Study.
Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practiceParalysis in Pairs: Insights From Two Cases of Infant Botulism.
Clinical pediatricsCould Intravenous Immunoglobulin Be an Alternative Therapy for Treating Infant Botulism in Areas Where Human Botulism Immunoglobulin Is Not Easily Available?: Our Experience in Andalusia, Spain.
The Pediatric infectious disease journalExploring parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices on honey and botulism in the West Bank, Palestine: a cross-sectional study.
Annals of medicineInfant Botulism in Israel: A Rare Disease That Still Exist.
The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJGlobal Occurrence of Infant Botulism: 2007-2021.
PediatricsBotulinum Neurotoxins as Two-Faced Janus Proteins.
BiomedicinesDry and dusty outback: infant botulism.
BMJ case reportsConflicting Clinical Presentation of Infection with Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens in a 5-Month-Old Infant.
Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice[The application analysis of antitoxin therapy in severe infant botulism].
Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics[Infant botulism: an underestimated problem. A review].
Terapevticheskii arkhivFirst case of infant botulism in Sicily-case report.
Italian journal of pediatricsElevated incidence of infant botulism in a 17-county area of the Mid-Atlantic region in the United States, 2000-2019, including association with soil types.
Applied and environmental microbiologyOutpatient Infant Botulism in the United States, 1976-2021.
The Journal of pediatricsPrevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Retail Peanut Butters from a 2007 Survey in Ottawa, Canada.
Current microbiologyInfant Botulism: In Search of Clostridium botulinum Spores.
Current microbiologyFecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe Infant Botulism, China.
Emerging infectious diseasesOverview of anaerobic infections in children and their treatment.
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of ChemotherapyDissecting and tracing the gut microbiota of infants with botulism: a cross sectional and longitudinal study.
Frontiers in microbiologyCase report: Aberrant fecal microbiota composition of an infant diagnosed with prolonged intestinal botulism.
Gut pathogensFrom Rarity to Recognition: Infantile Botulism and the Broad Spectrum of Differential Diagnoses.
Case reports in pediatrics[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 8 cases of severe infant botulism].
Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatricsClosed genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum type B1 strain isolated from an infant botulism case in the United States.
Microbiology resource announcementsKnowledge, attitude and practice among mothers on the relationship between honey and botulism in Saudi Arabian infants: a cross-section study.
Annals of medicineExploring the genetic background of the botulism neurotoxin BoNT/B2 in Spain.
Microbiology spectrumViable Clostridium botulinum spores not detected in the household dust of major Canadian cities.
Epidemiology and infectionRecurrent Infant Botulism Complicated by Necrotizing Enterocolitis.
Pediatric neurologyDuration of Fecal Excretion of Clostridium Botulinum and Botulinum Neurotoxin in Patients Recovering from Infant Botulism.
The Journal of pediatricsBotulism in the 21st Century: A Scoping Review.
The Brown journal of hospital medicineInfant Botulism, Israel, 2007-2021.
Emerging infectious diseasesBotulism in Spain: Epidemiology and Outcomes of Antitoxin Treatment, 1997-2019.
ToxinsInfant botulism: a descriptive study in a pediatric intensive care unit.
Archivos argentinos de pediatriaFirst confirmed case of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type A(B) in a 10-month-old infant in Hanoi, Vietnam.
IJID regionsFixed Pupils in Infant Botulism.
NeuropediatricsDual-Toxin ("Bivalent") Infant Botulism in California, 1976-2020: Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Laboratory Aspects.
The Journal of pediatricsComparative whole-genome sequence analysis of a BoNT/B5-producing Clostridium botulinum isolate from an infant botulism case of unknown source in Osaka, Japan.
FEMS microbiology lettersProbiotic Potential of Clostridium spp.-Advantages and Doubts.
Current issues in molecular biologyRegulatory Networks Controlling Neurotoxin Synthesis in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani.
ToxinsInfant botulism: Report of a misleading case and important key messages.
Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrieEvaluation and Optimization of Microdrop Digital PCR for Detection of Serotype A and B Clostridium botulinum.
Frontiers in microbiologyGenomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Clostridium botulinum Isolates from an Infant Botulism Case Suggests Adaptation Signatures to the Gut.
mBioInfant Botulism: Checklist for Timely Clinical Diagnosis and New Possible Risk Factors Originated from a Case Report and Literature Review.
ToxinsInfantile Hypotonia: A Case of Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Respiratory Distress Type 1 Presenting As Infant Botulism.
Cureus6-month old with new-onset weakness - consider infant botulism.
Archives of disease in childhoodThe Role of the Pharmacist in the Treatment of Infantile Botulism.
HCA healthcare journal of medicineClosed Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum Strain IBCA10-7060 Type Bh.
Microbiology resource announcementsA summary of surveillance, morbidity and microbiology of laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism in Canada, 1979-2019.
Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au CanadaClostridium botulinum Type B Isolated From a Wound Botulism Case Due to Injection Drug Use Resembles Other Local Strains Originating From Hawaii.
Frontiers in microbiologyGenomic Characterization of Strains From a Cluster of Infant Botulism Type A in a Small Town in Colorado, United States.
Frontiers in microbiologyInfant botulism: an underestimated threat.
Infectious diseases (London, England)Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism, 2021.
MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reportsGenetic Characterization of Clostridium botulinum Isolated from the First Case of Infant Botulism in Korea.
Annals of laboratory medicineCRISPR-Cas9-Based Toolkit for Clostridium botulinum Group II Spore and Sporulation Research.
Frontiers in microbiologyFirst confirmed case of infant botulism in Africa, caused by a dual-toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum strain.
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious DiseasesToxemia in Human Naturally Acquired Botulism.
ToxinsBOTOX injection to treat strabismus after infant botulism type B infection.
American journal of ophthalmology case reportsDescriptive Epidemiology of Infant Botulism in California: The First 40 Years.
The Journal of pediatricsSeven-Year Case-Control Study in California of Risk Factors for Infant Botulism.
The Journal of pediatrics[Clinical analysis and laboratory diagnosis of three cases with infantile botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type B].
Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatricsTwo Cases of Infant Botulism Presenting with Altered Mental Status.
Hawai'i journal of health & social welfareInfant botulism in Singapore.
Singapore medical journalHuman Botulism in France, 1875-2016.
ToxinsThe First Reported Case of Infant Botulism in Korea: Treatable Infantile Neuromuscular Disease.
Journal of Korean medical scienceAdult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism.
ToxinsThe Novel Clostridial Neurotoxin Produced by Strain IBCA10-7060 Is Immunologically Equivalent to BoNT/HA.
ToxinsLambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Botulism, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myasthenia Gravis.
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)Cost savings associated with timely treatment of botulism with botulism antitoxin heptavalent product.
PloS oneClostridium botulinum infection in an exclusively breast-fed infant.
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric SocietyAcute Neuromuscular Disorders in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Journal of child neurologyBotulism - a rare but still present, life-threatening disease.
Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie : casopis Spolecnosti pro epidemiologii a mikrobiologii Ceske lekarske spolecnosti J.E. PurkyneThe role of the single interchains disulfide bond in tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins and the development of antitetanus and antibotulism drugs.
Cellular microbiologyMedical treatment for botulism.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsMolecular Characterization of Clostridium botulinum Harboring the bont/B7 Gene.
Foodborne pathogens and diseaseInfant Botulism With Asymmetric Cranial Nerve Palsies.
Pediatric neurologyIdentification and characterization of Clostridium botulinum strains associated with an infant botulism case in China.
AnaerobeAntimicrobial Susceptibility of 260 Clostridium botulinum Type A, B, Ba, and Bf Strains and a Neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii Type F Strain Isolated from California Infant Botulism Patients.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyQuestion 1: In infant botulism, is equine-derived botulinum antitoxin (EqBA) an effective alternative therapy to human-derived botulinum immune globulin (BIG)?
Archives of disease in childhoodInfant botulism: Two case reports and electroneuromyogram findings.
Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrieSafety and immunogenicity of investigational recombinant botulinum vaccine, rBV A/B, in volunteers with pre-existing botulinum toxoid immunity.
VaccineBabyBIG has BIG advantages for treatment of infant botulism.
The Journal of pediatricsIdentification of Cross Reactive Antigens of C. botulinum Types A, B, E & F by Immunoproteomic Approach.
Current microbiologyType F Infant Botulism: Investigation of Recent Clusters and Overview of This Exceedingly Rare Disease.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaEfficacy of Human Botulism Immune Globulin for the Treatment of Infant Botulism: The First 12 Years Post Licensure.
The Journal of pediatricsMore Clinical Mimics of Infant Botulism.
The Journal of pediatricsCharacterization of the functional activity of botulinum neurotoxin subtype B6.
Microbiology and immunologyInfant botulism in Denmark from 1995 to 2015.
Danish medical journal[Botulism: Diagnosis and Therapy].
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)Infant Botulism in the Very Young Neonate: A Case Series.
AJP reports[Infant botulism – why honey should be avoided for children up to one year].
LakartidningenTowards Better Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Neuronal Respiratory Network in Sudden Perinatal Death.
Frontiers in neurologyMolecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Infant Botulism in Beijing, China.
Biomedical and environmental sciences : BESBotulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015.
Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletinClostridium baratii: a rare case of pneumonia associated with an Alzheimer patient in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
JMM case reportsEffective treatment of infant botulism on day 13 after symptom onset with human botulism antitoxin.
Journal of paediatrics and child healthBotulinum neurotoxin type B uses a distinct entry pathway mediated by CDC42 into intestinal cells versus neuronal cells.
Cellular microbiologyFlaccid paralysis in an infant associated with a dirty wound and application of honey.
BMJ case reportsTrends in Outcomes and Hospitalization Charges of Infant Botulism in the United States: A Comparative Analysis Between Kids' Inpatient Database and National Inpatient Sample.
Pediatric neurologyNeurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum (serotype A) isolated from the soil of Mendoza (Argentina) differ from the A-Hall archetype and from that causing infant botulism.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on ToxinologyDiversity of Group I and II Clostridium botulinum Strains from France Including Recently Identified Subtypes.
Genome biology and evolutionA penicillin- and metronidazole-resistant Clostridium botulinum strain responsible for an infant botulism case.
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases[Clinical analysis of three cases with infant botulism and review of literature].
Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatricsImmunological Characterization and Neutralizing Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type H.
The Journal of infectious diseasesAbnormal Neuroimaging in a Case of Infant Botulism.
Frontiers in pediatricsStimulated jitter analysis for the evaluation of neuromuscular junction disorders in children.
Muscle & nerveCharacterizing the fecal microbiota of infants with botulism.
MicrobiomeInhibition of botulinum neurotoxins interchain disulfide bond reduction prevents the peripheral neuroparalysis of botulism.
Biochemical pharmacology[Intoxication of botulinum toxin].
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa LekarskiegoMicrobiology and foodborne pathogens in honey.
Critical reviews in food science and nutritionGenomic Epidemiology of Clostridium botulinum Isolates from Temporally Related Cases of Infant Botulism in New South Wales, Australia.
Journal of clinical microbiologyStimulated jitter in infant botulism.
Muscle & nerveInfant botulism: review and clinical update.
Pediatric neurologyNotes from the field: infant botulism caused by Clostridium baratii type F - Iowa, 2013.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly reportConsumers' Perception and Knowledge of Food Safety: Results of Questionnaires Accessible on IZSalimenTO Website.
Italian journal of food safetyStimulated jitter analysis in the early diagnosis of infant botulism.
Muscle & nerveA case of infant botulism in a 4-month-old baby.
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of PhysiciansBotulism mortality in the USA, 1975-2009.
The botulinum journalAssociações
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- The unsung hero: ntnh gene as complementary botulism marker.
- Multistate Infant Botulism Outbreak Associated with Powdered Infant Formula.
- More Than Just a Floppy Baby: Maintaining High Clinical Suspicion of Infant Botulism.
- Infant Honey Feeding and Associating Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors: Are there risks for infant botulism in Oman?
- Clostridioides difficile colonization of Twin Patients Recovering From Infant Botulism.
- Infant Botulism and Honey Exposure: Global Epidemiology, Prevention Policies, and Communication Strategies.
- [Evaluation of ventilatory muscles in infants with severe botulism].
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:178478(Orphanet)
- MONDO:0015804(MONDO)
- GARD:20150(GARD (NIH))
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Q3643111(Wikidata)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
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