Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
A Distrofia Neuroaxonal Infantil (INAD) é um transtorno do desenvolvimento pervasivo raro que afeta principalmente o sistema nervoso. Indivíduos com distrofia neuroaxonal infantil normalmente não apresentam nenhum sintoma ao nascimento, mas entre as idades de aproximadamente 6 e 18 meses começam a apresentar atrasos na aquisição de novas habilidades motoras e intelectuais, como engatinhar ou começar a falar. Eventualmente, eles perdem habilidades previamente adquiridas.
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Entender a doença
Do básico ao detalhe, leia no seu ritmo
Preparando trilha educativa...
Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 29 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 74 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
Linha do tempo da pesquisa
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
Genes associados
1 gene identificado com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal recessive.
Calcium-independent phospholipase involved in phospholipid remodeling with implications in cellular membrane homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity and signal transduction. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-1 or sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 and A2 activity respectively), producing lysophospholipids that are used in deacylation-reacylation cycles (PubMed:10092647, PubMed:10336645, PubMed:20886109, PubMed:9417066). Hydrolyzes both saturated and unsa
CytoplasmCell membraneMitochondrionCell projection, pseudopodium
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B
A neurodegenerative disorder associated with iron accumulation in the brain, primarily in the basal ganglia. It is characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction leading to rigidity, dystonia, dysarthria and sensorimotor impairment.
Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)
387 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.
Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)
Distribuição de 903 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.
Vias biológicas (Reactome)
5 vias biológicas associadas aos genes desta condição.
Diagnóstico
Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Distrofia neuroaxonal do lactente
Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.
Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.
Pesquisa ativa
Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes
Ensaios em destaque
Pesquisa e ensaios clínicos
7 ensaios clínicos encontrados, 1 ativos.
Publicações mais relevantes
Clinicoradiologic Features and Genetic Findings of Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is an extremely rare neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1 in 1 000 000 children. The PLA2G6 gene mutation is associated with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Symptoms typically begin between 6 and 18 months of age, leading to neurodegeneration, particularly impacting motor skills. This article presents 7 pediatric cases (aged 12 months to 11 years) clinically and radiologically diagnosed with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, with at least 1 variation in the PLA2G6 gene. All patients show neurodegeneration, particularly in the motor area, with normal laboratory test results and a high rate of consanguinity among parents (6/7 patients). Clinical findings included spasticity or hypotonia, nystagmus in 3 patients, and ataxia in 1 patient, but none of them showed extrapyramidal signs. Major brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings include cerebellar atrophy and claval hypertrophy, as well as alterations in cerebellar hemisphere density and drooping splenium of the corpus callosum. The patients exhibiting nystagmus, hypotonicity, absent deep tendon reflexes, and drooping of the splenium of the corpus callosum demonstrated early initial clinical findings and had a poor prognosis. Six of the 7 patients have a homozygous variant, whereas 1 has a compound heterozygous variant. All patients are bedridden, and their Gross Motor Function Classification System score is 5. We emphasize that a patient who experiences neurodegeneration after 1 year of age, with normal laboratory test results and cerebellar atrophy observed on brain MRI, should be considered for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Furthermore, we believe that the drooping splenium of the corpus callosum is one of the radiologic indicators of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, and early recognition of this disease can lead to accurate diagnosis, effective treatment plans, and genetic counseling.
Expanding the Phenotypic and Radiological Spectrum of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
A Typical Neuroaxonal Dystrophy or an Atypical Form of Huntington Disease?
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare degenerative disorder of the nervous system with autosomal recessive inheritance, classified within the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Symptoms typically begin between six months and three years of age, presenting with psychomotor regression, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. We describe a case of INAD with an unusual clinical presentation. The patient carried a prior genetic diagnosis of Huntington disease, but the clinical features were inconsistent with Huntington disease. The discordance between genetic findings and clinical presentation prompted further investigation, leading to the diagnosis of INAD. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge posed by overlapping clinical features in neurodegenerative diseases. This case underscores the importance of considering alternative neurodegenerative disorders in the differential diagnosis of rare diseases. It highlights the critical role of correlating genotype and phenotype to ensure diagnostic accuracy and appropriate patient management.
Psychometric properties of the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale.
To assess the psychometric characteristics of the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale (INAD-RS). We retrospectively analysed interim data from the INAD Natural History Study using clinicians' ratings (n = 39) of patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Data were analysed to explore the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, known group validity, and longitudinal changes of the INAD-RS. The analysis identified good internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability across scale domains assessing gross motor, fine motor, bulbar, ocular, and temporo-frontal functions, whereas the domain of autonomic nervous system function contributed weakly to the overall INAD-RS score. Furthermore, preliminary evidence suggested that INAD-RS total scores discriminated among clinical phenotypes and was sensitive to change over time. The psychometric properties of the INAD-RS showed construct validity and reliability for five out of six domains (autonomic nervous system excluded). The scale is a promising instrument for evaluating children with INAD in clinical research and clinical practice. Although promising, further evidence is needed to refine the scale and support its suitability for assessing disease progression in clinical trials and clinical practice.
Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy in childhood related to PLA2G6: a French cohort.
Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD) is a rare form of neurodegeneration linked to the PLA2G6 gene. Unlike classical infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), it occurs later in childhood and seems less progressive. It appears phenotypically different from juvenile form of Parkinson disease linked to PLA2G6 (PARK14). A genotype-phenotype correlation has been suggested. We describe a large genetically confirmed cohort of pediatric patients with ANAD, describe their clinical symptomatology, brain imaging, other complementary explorations, symptomatic medication and compare to patients reported in the literature. Fourteen patients were identified with early childhood onset and slowly progressive cerebello-spastic syndrome with variable dystonia and parkinsonism. Complementary investigations were inconsistently abnormal compared to INAD, with variable iron deposits on brain imaging, infrequent rapid rhythms on EEG and absence of neuronal spheroids on skin biopsy leading to diagnosis difficulties in absence of large molecular analysis. Nine of the seventeen reported variants were novel variants and a relative genotype-phenotype correlation was confirmed. This study reports a large cohort of ANAD, providing new insights into this paediatric phenotype; which is less frequently described in the literature compared to INAD or PARK14.
Publicações recentes
PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
Expanding the Phenotypic and Radiological Spectrum of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
Unravelling homozygous PLA2G6 variants in Pakistani individuals with diverse clinical manifestations via whole exome sequencing.
Psychometric properties of the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale.
A Typical Neuroaxonal Dystrophy or an Atypical Form of Huntington Disease?
📚 EuropePMC156 artigos no totalmostrando 96
Expanding the Phenotypic and Radiological Spectrum of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
Indian journal of pediatricsUnravelling homozygous PLA2G6 variants in Pakistani individuals with diverse clinical manifestations via whole exome sequencing.
BMC medical genomicsPsychometric properties of the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale.
Developmental medicine and child neurologyA Typical Neuroaxonal Dystrophy or an Atypical Form of Huntington Disease?
Pediatric neurologyPsychometric challenges and opportunities in optimizing the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale.
Developmental medicine and child neurologyClinicoradiologic Features and Genetic Findings of Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
Journal of child neurologyAtypical neuroaxonal dystrophy in childhood related to PLA2G6: a French cohort.
European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology SocietyInfantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: Molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
AIMS neuroscienceConsensus Clinical Management Guideline for PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN).
Journal of child neurologyPLA2G6-associated Neurodegeneration: A Rare Case Report of Dystonia-Parkinsonism Phenotype with a Novel Genotypic Variant.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of IndiaAssociation of Novel Pathogenic Variant (p. Ile366Asn) in PLA2G6 Gene with Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
International journal of molecular sciencesAn estimation of global genetic prevalence of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
Orphanet journal of rare diseasesInfantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy: Case Report and Review of Literature.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)The Clinical, Radiological and Genetic Spectrum of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration: An Experience From a Tertiary Center.
Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)A rare inherited homozygous missense variant in PLA2G6 influences susceptibility to infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: a case report.
Translational pediatricsPreimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) offers an alternative strategy to prevent children from being born with hereditary neurological diseases or metabolic diseases dominated by nervous system phenotypes: a retrospective study.
Journal of assisted reproduction and geneticsUnveiling the role of iPLA2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies.
Pharmacological researchInfantile neuroaxonal dystrophy causing iron deposition in the bilateral globus pallidus.
QJM : monthly journal of the Association of PhysiciansDiagnosis, treatment and genetic analysis of a child with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Yi chuan = HereditasPhenotype and genotype heterogeneity of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients.
Orphanet journal of rare diseasesA systematic analysis of genotype-phenotype associations with PLA2G6.
Parkinsonism & related disordersThe role of the PLA2G6 gene in neurodegenerative diseases.
Ageing research reviewsHuman induced pluripotent stem cell line (ONHi001-A) generated from a patient with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy having PLA2G6 c.517C > T (p.Q173X) and c.1634A > G (p.K545R) compound heterozygous mutations.
Stem cell researchPLA2G6-associated late-onset parkinsonism in a Sudanese family.
Annals of clinical and translational neurologySphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases.
Frontiers in neuroscienceExploring therapeutic strategies for infantile neuronal axonal dystrophy (INAD/PARK14).
eLifeWhole exome screening of neurodevelopmental regression disorders in a cohort of Egyptian patients.
NeurogeneticsInfantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Two Cases: Siblings with Different Presentations.
Iranian journal of child neurologyA GLP1 receptor agonist diabetes drug ameliorates neurodegeneration in a mouse model of infantile neurometabolic disease.
Scientific reportsNovel PLA2G6 Pathogenic Variants in Chinese Patients With PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
Frontiers in neurologyIdentification of a Novel Nonsense Mutation in PLA2G6 and Prenatal Diagnosis in a Chinese Family With Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
Frontiers in neurologyPLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in four different populations-case series and literature review.
Parkinsonism & related disordersMouse models of NADK2 deficiency analyzed for metabolic and gene expression changes to elucidate pathophysiology.
Human molecular geneticsAudiological Findings in Children with PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
Journal of the American Academy of AudiologyGenome sequencing reveals novel noncoding variants in PLA2G6 and LMNB1 causing progressive neurologic disease.
Molecular genetics & genomic medicineNovel insertion mutation in the PLA2G6 gene in an Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Journal of clinical laboratory analysisLeucine encoding codon TTG shows an inverse relationship with GC content in genes involved in neurodegeneration with iron accumulation.
Journal of integrative neuroscienceNew Insights of Phospholipase A2 Associated Neurodegeneration Phenotype Based on the Long-Term Follow-Up of a Large Hungarian Family.
Frontiers in geneticsInsights into Lewy body disease from rare neurometabolic disorders.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies in Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Disorders.
Frontiers in neurologyTypical MRI features of PLA2G6 mutation-related phospholipase-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN)/infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD).
BMJ case reportsReevaluating the pathogenicity of the variations c.439 G>A and c.2132 C>T in the PLA2G6 gene.
Journal of geneticsInitial survey of PLA2G6 missense variant causing neuroaxonal dystrophy in Papillon dogs in North America and Europe.
Canine medicine and geneticsThe infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy rating scale (INAD-RS).
Orphanet journal of rare diseasesTreatment of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy with RT001: A di-deuterated ethyl ester of linoleic acid: Report of two cases.
JIMD reportsThe natural history of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Orphanet journal of rare diseasesSuccessful clinical application of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Experimental and therapeutic medicineINAD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, two ends of the iPLA2β spectrum.
Medical hypotheses[Analysis of PLA2G6 gene variant in a family affected with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy].
Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics[Clinical features of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and PLA2G6 gene testing].
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatricsQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) evaluation of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
BJR case reportsInfantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in a pair of Malaysian siblings with progressive cerebellar atrophy: Description of an expanded phenotype with novel PLA2G6 variants.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of AustralasiaGenetic and phenotypic features of patients with childhood ataxias diagnosed by next-generation sequencing gene panel.
Brain & developmentInfantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy: Diagnosis and Possible Treatments.
Frontiers in geneticsPLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN): Review of Clinical Phenotypes and Genotypes.
Frontiers in neurologyPLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration: New insights into brain abnormalities and disease progression.
Parkinsonism & related disordersPLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration presenting as a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Journal of human geneticsInfantile neuroaxonal dystrophy caused by PLA2G6 gene mutation in a Chinese patient: A case report.
Experimental and therapeutic medicineR106C TFG variant causes infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy "plus" syndrome.
NeurogeneticsPotential effect of maternal dietary sucrose or fructose syrup on CD36, leptin, and ghrelin-mediated fetal programming of obesity.
Nutritional neurosciencePhospholipase PLA2G6, a Parkinsonism-Associated Gene, Affects Vps26 and Vps35, Retromer Function, and Ceramide Levels, Similar to α-Synuclein Gain.
Cell metabolismPLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration: Lessons from neurophysiological findings.
European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology SocietyCase report of a novel homozygous splice site mutation in PLA2G6 gene causing infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in a Sudanese family.
BMC medical geneticsNALCN Dysfunction as a Cause of Disordered Respiratory Rhythm With Central Apnea.
PediatricsMutations in the Drosophila homolog of human PLA2G6 give rise to age-dependent loss of psychomotor activity and neurodegeneration.
Scientific reportsNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.
Handbook of clinical neurologySpastic paraparesis with basal ganglia changes: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Neurology IndiaCorrigendum to "A new PLA2G6 mutation in a family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy" [J. Neurol. Sci. 381C (2017) 209-212].
Journal of the neurological sciencesA new PLA2G6 mutation in a family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Journal of the neurological sciencesLooking beyond the exome: a phenotype-first approach to molecular diagnostic resolution in rare and undiagnosed diseases.
Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical GeneticsNeurons and astrocytes in an infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) mouse model show characteristic alterations in glutamate-induced Ca2+ signaling.
Neurochemistry internationalPerioperative considerations in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Paediatric anaesthesiaIdentification of the PLA2G6 c.1579G>A Missense Mutation in Papillon Dog Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Using Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis.
PloS oneMutation screening of PLA2G6 in Japanese patients with early onset dystonia-parkinsonism.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration: An update for the diagnosis.
Brain & developmentMonozygotic twins with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: A case report and literature review.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine[Diagnosis, evolution and prognosis of prenatally diagnosed suprasellar cysts].
Neuro-ChirurgieValidation of the finding of hypertrophy of the clava in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy/PLA2G6 by biometric analysis.
NeuroradiologyGlial mitochondropathy in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
Brain : a journal of neurologyMitochondria from a mouse model of the human infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) with genetic defects in VIA iPLA2 have disturbed Ca(2+) regulation with reduction in Ca(2+) capacity.
Neurochemistry internationalClinical heterogeneity of PLA2G6-related Parkinsonism: analysis of two Saudi families.
BMC research notesGenetic Analysis of PLA2G6 in 22 Indian Families with Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, Atypical Late-Onset Neuroaxonal Dystrophy and Dystonia Parkinsonism Complex.
PloS oneMitochondrial dysfunction and defects in lipid homeostasis as therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.
Rare diseases (Austin, Tex.)PLA2G6 Mutations Related to Distinct Phenotypes: A New Case with Early-onset Parkinsonism.
Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)Early Ataxia and Subsequent Parkinsonism: PLA2G6 Mutations Cause a Continuum Rather Than Three Discrete Phenotypes.
Movement disorders clinical practiceTwo unusual cases of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration from India.
Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyElevated aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels are a constant finding in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
European journal of neurologyA novel homozygous splice site mutation in NALCN identified in siblings with cachexia, strabismus, severe intellectual disability, epilepsy and abnormal respiratory rhythm.
European journal of medical genetics[A novel homozygous mutation in PLA2G6 gene causes infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in a case].
Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical geneticsExtreme Spindles and Leukoencephalopathy after Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment: An Undescribed Association.
The Neurodiagnostic journalKept in Mind Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
Genetic counseling (Geneva, Switzerland)Disruption of Golgi morphology and altered protein glycosylation in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
Journal of medical geneticsLoss of PLA2G6 leads to elevated mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Brain : a journal of neurologyNeuroaxonal dystrophy in PLA2G6 knockout mice.
Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of NeuropathologyHigh frequency of beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) among patients with intellectual disability and young-onset parkinsonism.
Neurobiology of agingNovel PLA2G6 mutations associated with an exonic deletion due to non-allelic homologous recombination in a patient with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Human genome variationAssociações
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- Clinicoradiologic Features and Genetic Findings of Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy.
- Expanding the Phenotypic and Radiological Spectrum of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
- A Typical Neuroaxonal Dystrophy or an Atypical Form of Huntington Disease?
- Psychometric properties of the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale.
- Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy in childhood related to PLA2G6: a French cohort.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society· 2025· PMID 40753802mais citado
- PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration.
- Unravelling homozygous PLA2G6 variants in Pakistani individuals with diverse clinical manifestations via whole exome sequencing.
- Psychometric properties of the Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale.
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:35069(Orphanet)
- OMIM OMIM:256600(OMIM)
- MONDO:0024457(MONDO)
- GARD:3957(GARD (NIH))
- Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Q6029060(Wikidata)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar