A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion (By similarity). Coordinates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in hair follicle keratinocytes (By similarity). Plays a role in moderating lymphocyte migration to inflamed skin and maintaining homeostasis of the epidermal inflammatory response (By similarity)

Cell membraneCell junction, desmosome

Hypotrichosis 6

A condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair and abnormal hair follicles and shafts, which are thin and atrophic. The disorder affects the trunk and extremities as well as the scalp, and the eyebrows and eyelashes may also be involved, whereas beard, pubic, and axillary hairs are largely spared. In addition, patients can develop hyperkeratotic follicular papules, erythema, and pruritus in affected areas. In some patients with congenital hypotrichosis, monilethrix-like hairs showing elliptical nodes have been observed. HYPT6 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Essential for the proper assembly of type I and type II keratin protein complexes and formation of keratin intermediate filaments in the inner root sheath (irs) (By similarity). Plays a role in the cytoskeleton organization (PubMed:26902920)

Cytoplasm

Woolly hair autosomal recessive 3

A hair shaft disorder characterized by fine and tightly curled hair. Compared to normal curly hair that is observed in some populations, woolly hair grows slowly and stops growing after a few inches. Under light microscopy, woolly hair shows some structural anomalies, including trichorrhexis nodosa and tapered ends. Some individuals may present with hypotrichosis.

Has a role in hair formation. Specific component of keratin intermediate filaments in the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle (Probable)

Woolly hair autosomal dominant

A hair shaft disorder characterized by fine and tightly curled hair. Compared to normal curly hair that is observed in some populations, woolly hair grows slowly and stops growing after a few inches. Under light microscopy, woolly hair shows some structural anomalies, including trichorrhexis nodosa and tapered ends.

Negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Inhibits Wnt signaling in a cell-autonomous manner and functions upstream of beta-catenin. May act via its interaction with Wnt and LRP proteins. May play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis

Cell membrane

Hypotrichosis 1

A rare form of non-syndromic hereditary hypotrichosis without characteristic hair shaft anomalies. Affected individuals typically show normal hair at birth, but hair loss and thinning of the hair shaft start during early childhood and progress with age. HYPT1 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

Important for the epidermal barrier integrity

Secreted

Hypotrichosis 2

A condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair. Affected individuals have normal hair in early childhood but experience progressive hair loss limited to the scalp beginning in the middle of the first decade and almost complete baldness by the third decade. Body hair, beard, eyebrows, axillary hair, teeth, and nails develop normally. HYPT2 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

Catalyzes the deimination of arginine residues of proteins

Cytoplasm

Uncombable hair syndrome 1

A form of uncombable hair syndrome, a condition characterized by scalp hair that is impossible to comb due to the haphazard arrangement of the hair bundles. A characteristic morphologic feature is a triangular to reniform to heart shape on cross-sections, and a groove, canal or flattening along the entire length of the hair. Most individuals are affected early in childhood and the hair takes on a spun-glass appearance with the hair becoming dry, curly, glossy, lighter in color, and progressively uncombable. The hair growth rate can range from slow to normal, and the condition improves with age. UHS1 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

A component of desmosome cell-cell junctions which are required for positive regulation of cellular adhesion (By similarity). Required for cell-cell adhesion in the epidermis, as a result required for the maintenance of the dermal cohesion and the dermal barrier function (PubMed:19717567). Required for cell-cell adhesion of epithelial cell layers surrounding the telogen hair club, as a result plays an important role in telogen hair shaft anchorage (By similarity). Essential for successful comple

Cell membraneCell junction, desmosomeCytoplasm

Hypotrichosis and recurrent skin vesicles

A disorder characterized by hypotrichosis and the appearance of recurrent skin vesicle formation. Affected individuals show sparse and fragile hair on scalp, as well as absent eyebrows and eyelashes. Vesicles filled with thin, watery fluid are observed on the scalp and skin of most of the body. Mucosal vesicles are absent.

Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structu

CytoplasmNucleusNucleus, nucleoplasmNucleus, nucleolus

Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2

A syndrome characterized by Noonan dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, high forehead, hypertelorism, palpebral ptosis, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, short and webbed neck, pectus anomalies, in association with pluckable, sparse, thin and slow-growing hair.

Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates both mono- and dimethylated 'Lys-9' of histone H3. May act as a transcription regulator controlling hair biology (via targeting of collagens), neural activity, and cell cycle

Nucleus

Alopecia universalis congenita

A rare disorder characterized by loss of hair from the entire body. No hair are present in hair follicles on skin biopsy.

Core component of the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1c (SMP) holophosphatase complex that regulates activation of the MAPK pathway (PubMed:10783161, PubMed:16630891, PubMed:25137548, PubMed:35768504, PubMed:35830882, PubMed:35831509, PubMed:36175670). Acts as a scaffolding protein in the SMP complex (PubMed:35768504, PubMed:35830882, PubMed:35831509, PubMed:36175670). The SMP complex specifically dephosphorylates the inhibitory phosphorylation at 'Ser-259' of RAF1 kinase, 'Ser-365' of BRAF kinase and 'Ser-214' o

CytoplasmNucleus

Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 1

A syndrome characterized by Noonan dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, high forehead, hypertelorism, palpebral ptosis, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, short and webbed neck, pectus anomalies, in association with pluckable, sparse, thin and slow-growing hair.

Binds to oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Intracellular cAMP is involved in the receptor activation. Important for the maintenance of hair growth and texture

Cell membrane

Woolly hair autosomal recessive 1 with or without hypotrichosis

A hair shaft disorder characterized by fine and tightly curled hair. Compared to normal curly hair that is observed in some populations, woolly hair grows slowly and stops growing after a few inches. Under light microscopy, woolly hair shows some structural anomalies, including trichorrhexis nodosa and tapered ends. Some individuals exhibit features of hypotrichosis.

An alpha chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the beta chain HLA-DRB, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DR-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells

Cell membraneEndoplasmic reticulum membraneEarly endosome membraneLate endosome membraneLysosome membraneAutolysosome membrane

Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:23246290, PubMed:23333303, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:32494006). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28076346, PubMed

Cytoplasm, cytosolNucleus

Hypotrichosis 11

A form of hypotrichosis, a condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair and abnormal hair follicles and shafts, which are thin and atrophic. The extent of scalp and body hair involvement can be very variable, within as well as between families. HYPT11 is an autosomal dominant form characterized by scanty or absent eyebrows and a highly variable degree of alopecia since birth, ranging from slight thinning of scalp and axillary hair to complete loss of scalp and body hair. Pubic hair remains mainly unaffected.

Plays a central role in hair formation. Essential component of keratin intermediate filaments in the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton

Hypotrichosis 13

A form of hypotrichosis, a condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair and abnormal hair follicles and shafts, which are thin and atrophic. The extent of scalp and body hair involvement can be very variable, within as well as between families. HYPT13 is an autosomal dominant form characterized by sparse woolly hair.

Catalyzes the calcium-dependent formation of isopeptide cross-links between glutamine and lysine residues in various proteins, as well as the conjugation of polyamines to proteins. Involved in the formation of the cornified envelope (CE), a specialized component consisting of covalent cross-links of proteins beneath the plasma membrane of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Catalyzes small proline-rich proteins (SPRR1 and SPRR2) and LOR cross-linking to form small interchain oligomers, whic

Cytoplasm

Uncombable hair syndrome 2

A form of uncombable hair syndrome, a condition characterized by scalp hair that is impossible to comb due to the haphazard arrangement of the hair bundles. A characteristic morphologic feature is a triangular to reniform to heart shape on cross-sections, and a groove, canal or flattening along the entire length of the hair. Most individuals are affected early in childhood and the hair takes on a spun-glass appearance with the hair becoming dry, curly, glossy, lighter in color, and progressively uncombable. The hair growth rate can range from slow to normal, and the condition improves with age.

Component of the large ribosomal subunit (PubMed:12962325, PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25901680, PubMed:25957688). The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (PubMed:12962325, PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25901680, PubMed:25957688)

Cytoplasm, cytosolCytoplasmEndoplasmic reticulum

Hypotrichosis 12

A form of hypotrichosis, a condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair and abnormal hair follicles and shafts, which are thin and atrophic. The extent of scalp and body hair involvement can be very variable, within as well as between families. HYPT12 patients have normal scalp hair density at birth. Hair loss begins during the first 6 months of life and gradually progresses to nearly complete loss of scalp hair. The remaining hairs grow slowly and are thin, sparse, dry, and fragile. Body hair, axillary and pubic hair, eyebrows and eyelashes are also sparse or absent. HYPT12 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

Intermediate filament-associated protein that associates in regular arrays with keratin intermediate filaments (KIF) of the inner root sheath cells of the hair follicle and the granular layer of the epidermis. It later becomes cross-linked to KIF by isodipeptide bonds. It may serve as scaffold protein, together with involucrin, in the organization of the cell envelope or even anchor the cell envelope to the KIF network. It may be involved in its own calcium-dependent postsynthetic processing dur

Uncombable hair syndrome 3

A form of uncombable hair syndrome, a condition characterized by scalp hair that is impossible to comb due to the haphazard arrangement of the hair bundles. A characteristic morphologic feature is a triangular to reniform to heart shape on cross-sections, and a groove, canal or flattening along the entire length of the hair. Most individuals are affected early in childhood and the hair takes on a spun-glass appearance with the hair becoming dry, curly, glossy, lighter in color, and progressively uncombable. The hair growth rate can range from slow to normal, and the condition improves with age.

Hydrolyzes specifically phosphatidic acid (PA) to produce 2-acyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; a potent bioactive lipid mediator) and fatty acid. Does not hydrolyze other phospholipids, like phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or triacylglycerol (TG)

SecretedCell membrane

Hypotrichosis 7

A condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair. Affected individuals have sparse or absent scalp, axillary and body hair and sparse eyebrows and eyelashes. HYPT7 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3 oxidosqualene to lanosterol, a reaction that forms the sterol nucleus (PubMed:14766201, PubMed:26200341, PubMed:7639730). Through the production of lanosterol may regulate lens protein aggregation and increase transparency (PubMed:26200341)

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Cataract 44

An opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye that frequently results in visual impairment or blindness. Opacities vary in morphology, are often confined to a portion of the lens, and may be static or progressive. In general, the more posteriorly located and dense an opacity, the greater the impact on visual function.