Raras
Buscar doenças, sintomas, genes...
Galactosemia
ORPHA:352CID-10 · E74.21CID-11 · 5C51.4YDOENÇA RARA

A galactosemia é um grupo de distúrbios metabólicos genéticos raros caracterizados por comprometimento do metabolismo da galactose, resultando em uma série de manifestações variáveis ​​que abrangem uma doença grave com risco de vida (galactosemia clássica), uma forma leve rara (deficiência de galactoquinase) causando catarata e uma forma muito rara com gravidade variável (deficiência de galactose epimerase) semelhante à galactosemia clássica na forma grave.

Mantido por Agente Raras·Colaborar como especialista →

Introdução

O que você precisa saber de cara

📋

A galactosemia é um grupo de distúrbios metabólicos genéticos raros caracterizados por comprometimento do metabolismo da galactose, resultando em uma série de manifestações variáveis ​​que abrangem uma doença grave com risco de vida (galactosemia clássica), uma forma leve rara (deficiência de galactoquinase) causando catarata e uma forma muito rara com gravidade variável (deficiência de galactose epimerase) semelhante à galactosemia clássica na forma grave.

Pesquisas ativas
3 ensaios
15 total registrados no ClinicalTrials.gov
Publicações científicas
1.796 artigos
Último publicado: 2026 Apr 16

Escala de raridade

CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORPHANET · BRASIL 2024
Unknown
Ultra-rara
<1/50k
Muito rara
1/20k
Rara
1/10k
Pouco freq.
1/5k
Incomum
1/2k
Prevalência
0.0
Worldwide
Início
Childhood
+ infancy, neonatal
🏥
SUS: Cobertura mínimaScore: 25%
Triagem neonatal (Fase 2)Centros em: PA, PR, SC, RS, ES +8CID-10: E74.21
Você se identifica com essa condição?
O Raras está aqui pra te apoiar — com ou sem diagnóstico

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Entender a doença

Do básico ao detalhe, leia no seu ritmo

Preparando trilha educativa...

Sinais e sintomas

O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece

Partes do corpo afetadas

🧠
Neurológico
19 sintomas
🫃
Digestivo
11 sintomas
📏
Crescimento
11 sintomas
🩸
Sangue
4 sintomas
🦴
Ossos e articulações
4 sintomas
🫘
Rins
2 sintomas

+ 43 sintomas em outras categorias

Características mais comuns

Microcefalia
Atividade diminuída da beta-galactosidase
Atraso no desenvolvimento motor grosso
Cirrose
Atividade reduzida da galactoquinase eritrocitária
Aumento da pressão intracraniana
99sintomas
Sem dados (99)

Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 99 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.

MicrocefaliaMicrocephaly
Atividade diminuída da beta-galactosidaseDecreased beta-galactosidase activity
Atraso no desenvolvimento motor grossoDelayed gross motor development
CirroseCirrhosis
Atividade reduzida da galactoquinase eritrocitáriaReduced erythrocyte galactokinase activity

Linha do tempo da pesquisa

Publicações por ano — veja quando o interesse científico cresceu
Anos de pesquisa1desde 2026
Total histórico1.796PubMed
Últimos 10 anos200publicações
Pico202543 papers
Linha do tempo
2026Hoje · 2026🧪 2006Primeiro ensaio clínico📈 2025Ano de pico
Publicações por ano (últimos 10 anos)

Triagem neonatal (Teste do Pezinho)

👶
Teste: Galactose total em sangue seco
Fase 2 do PNTNin_rollout
Incidência no Brasil: 1:30.000

A triagem neonatal permite diagnóstico precoce e início imediato do tratamento.

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Genética e causas

O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias

Genes associados

4 genes identificados com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal recessive.

GALMGalactose mutarotaseDisease-causing germline mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Mutarotase that catalyzes the interconversion of beta-D-galactose and alpha-D-galactose during galactose metabolism (PubMed:12753898). Beta-D-galactose is metabolized in the liver into glucose 1-phosphate, the primary metabolic fuel, by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway: GALM, GALK1 (galactokinase), GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) and GALE (UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase) (PubMed:30451973). Involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between the beta-

LOCALIZAÇÃO

Cytoplasm

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (1)
Galactose catabolism
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Galactosemia 4

A form of galactosemia, an inborn error of galactose metabolism typically manifesting in the neonatal period, after ingestion of galactose, with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatocellular insufficiency, food intolerance, hypoglycemia, renal tubular dysfunction, muscle hypotonia, sepsis and cataract. GALAC4 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Glândula adrenal
120.1 TPM
Rim - Córtex
30.3 TPM
Fígado
28.2 TPM
Cólon transverso
27.8 TPM
Intestino delgado
27.2 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (1)
galactosemia 4
HGNC:24063UniProt:Q96C23
GALK1GalactokinaseDisease-causing germline mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to alpha-D-galactose and participates in the first committed step in the catabolism of galactose

LOCALIZAÇÃO

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (1)
Galactose catabolism
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Galactosemia 2

A form of galactosemia, an inborn error of galactose metabolism typically manifesting in the neonatal period, after ingestion of galactose, with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatocellular insufficiency, food intolerance, hypoglycemia, renal tubular dysfunction, muscle hypotonia, sepsis and cataract. GALAC2 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Fígado
40.1 TPM
Nervo tibial
31.2 TPM
Cervix Ectocervix
27.2 TPM
Fibroblastos
26.7 TPM
Baço
25.4 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (1)
galactokinase deficiency
HGNC:4118UniProt:P51570
GALTGalactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferaseDisease-causing germline mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Plays an important role in galactose metabolism

LOCALIZAÇÃO

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (1)
Galactose catabolism
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Galactosemia 1

A form of galactosemia, an inborn error of galactose metabolism typically manifesting in the neonatal period, after ingestion of galactose, with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatocellular insufficiency, food intolerance, hypoglycemia, renal tubular dysfunction, muscle hypotonia, sepsis and cataract. GALAC1 inheritance is autosomal recessive.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Tireoide
64.2 TPM
Fígado
63.0 TPM
Nervo tibial
55.8 TPM
Ovário
53.6 TPM
Útero
53.5 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (1)
classic galactosemia
HGNC:4135UniProt:P07902
GALEUDP-glucose 4-epimeraseDisease-causing germline mutation(s) inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Catalyzes two distinct but analogous reactions: the reversible epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose and the reversible epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. The reaction with UDP-Gal plays a critical role in the Leloir pathway of galactose catabolism in which galactose is converted to the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-phosphate. It contributes to the catabolism of dietary galactose and enables the endogenous biosynthesis of both UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNA

LOCALIZAÇÃO

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (1)
Galactose catabolism
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Galactosemia 3

A form of galactosemia, an inborn error of galactose metabolism typically manifesting in the neonatal period, after ingestion of galactose, with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatocellular insufficiency, food intolerance, hypoglycemia, renal tubular dysfunction, muscle hypotonia, sepsis and cataract. GALAC3 is an autosomal recessive form caused by galactose epimerase deficiency. It can manifest as benign, peripheral form with mild symptoms and enzymatic deficiency in circulating blood cells only. A second form, known as generalized epimerase deficiency, is characterized by undetectable levels of enzyme activity in all tissues and severe clinical features, including restricted growth and intellectual disability.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Glândula salivar
40.9 TPM
Esôfago - Mucosa
39.8 TPM
Estômago
37.9 TPM
Cólon transverso
23.4 TPM
Vagina
22.1 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (4)
galactose epimerase deficiencythrombocytopenia 13, syndromicerythrocyte galactose epimerase deficiencygeneralized galactose epimerase deficiency
HGNC:4116UniProt:Q14376

Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)

740 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.

🧬 GALM: NM_138801.3(GALM):c.*398G>T ()
🧬 GALM: NM_138801.2:c.-120G>A ()
🧬 GALM: GRCh37/hg19 2p23.1-21(chr2:30814984-42798684)x1 ()
🧬 GALM: NM_138801.3(GALM):c.577G>T (p.Glu193Ter) ()
🧬 GALM: NC_000002.11:g.(?_38893304)_(38917056_?)del ()
Ver todas no ClinVar

Classificação de variantes (ClinVar)

Distribuição de 193 variantes classificadas pelo ClinVar.

29
145
19
Patogênica (15.0%)
VUS (75.1%)
Benigna (9.8%)
VARIANTES MAIS SIGNIFICATIVAS
GALT: NM_000155.4(GALT):c.118G>T (p.Glu40Ter) [Likely pathogenic]
GALT: NM_000155.4(GALT):c.507+1G>T [Likely pathogenic]
GALT: NM_000155.4(GALT):c.707G>T (p.Ser236Ile) [Likely pathogenic]
GALT: NM_000155.4(GALT):c.177C>G (p.Pro59=) [Uncertain significance]
GALT: NM_000155.4(GALT):c.172G>C (p.Glu58Gln) [Uncertain significance]

Diagnóstico

Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam

Carregando...

Tratamento e manejo

Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar

Pipeline de tratamentos
Pipeline regulatório — de medicamentos já aprovados a drogas em pesquisa exploratória.
3Fase 32
2Fase 22
1Fase 11
·Pré-clínico8
Medicamentos catalogadosEnsaios clínicos· 0 medicamentos · 13 ensaios
Carregando informações de tratamento...

Onde tratar no SUS

Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)

🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Galactosemia

Centros de Referência SUS

21 centros habilitados pelo SUS para Galactosemia

Centros para Galactosemia

Detalhes dos centros

Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos (HUPES)

R. Dr. Augusto Viana, s/n - Canela, Salvador - BA, 40110-060 · CNES 0003808

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital de Apoio de Brasília (HAB)

AENW 3 Lote A Setor Noroeste - Plano Piloto, Brasília - DF, 70684-831 · CNES 0010456

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIABA)

Av. Min. Salgado Filho, 918 - Soteco, Vila Velha - ES, 29106-010 · CNES 6631207

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital das Clínicas da UFG

Rua 235 QD. 68 Lote Área, Nº 285, s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia - GO, 74605-050 · CNES 2338424

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG

Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte - MG, 30130-100 · CNES 2280167

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

NUPAD / Faculdade de Medicina UFMG

Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 189 - 5 andar - Centro, Belo Horizonte - MG, 30130-100 · CNES 2183226

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto

R. dos Mundurucus, 4487 - Guamá, Belém - PA, 66073-000 · CNES 2337878

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife - PE, 50670-901 · CNES 2561492

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo

Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP)

R. dos Coelhos, 300 - Boa Vista, Recife - PE, 50070-902 · CNES 0000647

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR

R. Gen. Carneiro, 181 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba - PR, 80060-900 · CNES 2364980

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ)

Blvd. 28 de Setembro, 77 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20551-030 · CNES 2280221

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz)

Av. Rui Barbosa, 716 - Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22250-020 · CNES 2269988

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)

Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 - Petrópolis, Natal - RN, 59012-300 · CNES 2408570

Atenção Especializada

Rota
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS

Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000 · CNES 2232928

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)

Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Bloco A - Av. Protásio Alves, 211 - Bloco B e C - Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre - RS, 90035-903 · CNES 2237601

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital Universitário da UFSC (HU-UFSC)

R. Profa. Maria Flora Pausewang - Trindade, Florianópolis - SC, 88036-800 · CNES 2560356

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo

Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP

R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 225 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-010 · CNES 2077485

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP

R. Vital Brasil, 251 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-888 · CNES 2748223

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Hospital de Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto (HCRP-USP)

R. Ten. Catão Roxo, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto - SP, 14015-010 · CNES 2082187

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do MetabolismoDeficiência Intelectual

Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente (ICr-HCFMUSP)

Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-000 · CNES 2081695

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo

UNIFESP / Hospital São Paulo

R. Napoleão de Barros, 715 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP, 04024-002 · CNES 2688689

Serviço de Referência

Rota
Anomalias CongênitasErros Inatos do Metabolismo
Sobre os centros SUS: Estes centros são habilitados pelo Ministério da Saúde como Serviços de Referência em Doenças Raras ou Serviços de Atenção Especializada. O atendimento é pelo SUS, com encaminhamento da rede de atenção básica.

Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.

Pesquisa ativa

Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes

🟢 Recrutando agora

3 pesquisas recrutando participantes. Converse com seu médico sobre a possibilidade de participar.

Outros ensaios clínicos

15 ensaios clínicos encontrados, 3 ativos.

Distribuição por fase
Ver todos no ClinicalTrials.gov
🧪 Está conduzindo uma pesquisa?
Divulgue para pacientes e familiares que acompanham esta doença.
Divulgar pesquisa →

Publicações mais relevantes

Timeline de publicações
431 papers (10 anos)
#1

Hepatic and Extra-hepatic Outcomes of Classical Galactosemia in Infants: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology2026

Classical galactosemia (CG), if untreated, can be life threatening in early infancy; however, with early galactose restriction, survival has improved markedly. Despite early diagnosis and dietary exclusion, complications may ensue. This study aimed to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes in CG. We conducted an analysis of our prospectively maintained database. Diagnosis was based on galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) enzyme levels <10u/gm hemoglobin or mutation of the GALT gene. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from hospital electronic records and analyzed to identify potential predictors of mortality or neuro-ophthalmic morbidity (poor neurocognition, learning disability, and new-onset or persistent cataract). Fifty-nine CG patients presented with infantile cholestasis. Their median age of symptom onset and diagnosis was 16 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3-90) and 50 (IQR: 4-120) days, respectively. Among the 48 survivors, 41 had follow-up for ≥18 months and were analyzed for long-term outcomes. Complete liver recovery was documented in all 41 patients, with a median time to recovery of 5 months (IQR: 3-8) following diagnosis. On a lactose-free diet (LFD), 8 (19.5%) developed new-onset cataracts, and 21 (51.2%) patients had neurocognitive issues. The univariate analysis of non-survivors (n = 11) versus survivors (n = 48) identified risk factors: older age at diagnosis, high baseline Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD) scores, low serum sodium and albumin levels, and higher international normalized ratio values. In addition, refractory ascites, persistent coagulopathy at 4 weeks on LFD, and culture-positive sepsis were significantly associated risk factors in the non-survival group. No significant predictors were found for neurocognitive issues and cataract in follow-up. PELD and CTP scores at admission predict survival. Long-term neuro-ophthalmic morbidity is not associated with liver disease severity at onset in CG.

#2

Newborn screening in an Eastern Indian province: prevalence and trends from a burgeoning newborn screening unit.

Journal of tropical pediatrics2026 Jan 02

Neonatal screening has not been demanded by pediatricians nor parents in India because of limited resources, inadequate health information, early hospital discharges, a large rate of deliveries at home, and challenges with follow-up of results. This study was conducted based on the laboratory e-records from the Newborn Screening Unit, where Dried Blood Spot-based analysis was performed for G6PD deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, neonatal hypothyroidism, biotinidase deficiency, and galactosemia. The total study population comprised 3210 neonates. Overall, 329 children (10.2%) had some form of inherited disorder, and 12 (0.4%) suffered from two disorders concomitantly. The highest number of children were suffering from partial biotinidase deficiency (4.5%), followed by G6PD deficiency (2.7%). There was no significant difference in the levels of measured analytes in males and females, except for 17-OHP, which was significantly higher in males. Compared with females, males were more likely to have G6PD and biotinidase deficiency. Our study provides a snapshot of five inherited disorders previously unexamined by neonatal screening in Eastern India. We found a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency and other substantive neonatal conditions. Now that the significant prevalence of these disorders is known, stakeholders should work with policy-makers to institute national-level screening to determine their distribution in the broader population and address them in affected groups. Further studies are needed to identify effective implementation strategies, overcome financial and logistical barriers to an NBS program, and assess whether such a program can reach and benefit all communities, especially the most vulnerable. Pediatric cataracts are a leading cause of treatable childhood blindness. Delayed recognition and treatment are associated with substantial social, economic, and emotional consequences at the individual, familial, and community levels. Effective management remains challenging because prevention of irreversible amblyopia depends on early identification, timely diagnosis, and prompt intervention. Population-based vision screening programs and caregiver recognition of early signs, such as leukocoria and strabismus, facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment. Favorable visual outcomes depend on comprehensive preoperative assessment, accurate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, meticulous surgical technique, and coordinated postoperative care, including visual rehabilitation. Optimal management requires an interprofessional approach involving pediatrics, anesthesiology, ophthalmology, and optometry. Globally, pediatric cataracts constitute a major cause of preventable childhood blindness, particularly in low- and middle-income regions, where delayed diagnosis frequently results in advanced clinical presentations, including nystagmus, poor fixation, and dense lens opacities. Early surgical intervention is associated with improved visual outcomes, enhanced functional development, and reduced long-term socioeconomic burden. Pediatric cataracts account for approximately 5% to 20% of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 1.8 to 3.6 per 10,000 children per year and a prevalence ranging from 1 to 15 per 10,000 children. Population-based data show similar trends in high-income settings. Holmes et al reported a prevalence of 3 to 4 visually significant cataracts per 10,000 live births in the US. A study by Rahi et al in the UK reported a prevalence of 3.18 per 10,000 live births, whereas Nile et al reported an incidence of approximately 5 per 10,000 births in China. Despite regional differences in detection and reporting, consistent findings across studies indicate no significant laterality or sex-based predilection. Hereditary congenital cataracts have a prevalence of 8.3% and 25%, with approximately 75% of cases following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Pathogenic variants in crystallin proteins, which are essential for maintaining lens transparency and refractive function, have been associated with several cataract subtypes, including nuclear, lamellar, zonular, and posterior polar. Nonsyndromic inherited cataracts frequently involve genetic alterations in crystallin or connexin genes. PITX3 mutations are specifically linked to posterior polar cataracts, while PAX6 alterations are associated with anterior polar cataracts. Syndromic cataracts are linked to specific genetic defects, including α-galactosidase A in Fabry disease, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) in galactosemia, OCRL in Lowe (oculocerebrorenal) syndrome, and NHS in Nance–Horan syndrome, a cataract–dental disorder (see Image. Congenital Cataracts and Abnormal Galactose Metabolism). Maternal and congenital infections, particularly Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis)—collectively known as TORCH pathogens—are also major contributors to pediatric cataracts. B Mahalakshmi et al reported a high prevalence of TORCH infections in the Indian subcontinent, with 20% of cases testing seropositive. Ocular trauma is another significant cause, accounting for 12% to 46% of pediatric cataract cases. Concerns exist regarding the higher incidence of complications, such as glaucoma, uveitis, dense posterior capsule opacification, and increased secondary interventions following primary IOL implantation in children younger than 2. Primary IOL implantation in this age group has nevertheless demonstrated safety, with excellent long-term outcomes compared to aphakia and secondary IOL implantation after age 2. The myopic shift is generally well controlled; visual acuity outcomes are favorable; and the incidence of complications, such as glaucoma, uveitis, membrane formation, synechiae, and the need for secondary interventions, is lower than previously reported. Special care is necessary for infants younger than 6 months because of the increased risk of adverse events in smaller eyes. The process of emmetropisation in children is typically complete by age 12, with axial length increasing from approximately 16.5 mm at birth to 23 mm by age 13. This growth proceeds in 3 phases: rapid (0.46 mm/month from birth to 6 months), infantile (0.15 mm/month from 6 to 18 months), and juvenile (0.15 mm/month from 18 months to 12 years). Corneal curvature also changes significantly, with mean keratometry readings decreasing from approximately 51.2 D at birth to 43.5 D in adulthood. Consequently, IOL power selection in pediatric patients must account for axial elongation and the associated myopic shift. This consideration necessitates the use of pediatric-specific IOL power calculation formulas adapted for ongoing ocular growth. Sharp-edged IOLs are now widely preferred due to an association with lower rates of visual axis opacification (VAO). Compared with round-edged lenses, sharp-edged designs result in fewer neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulotomies, occurring in 1 of 371 eyes compared with 4 of 371 eyes. Prompt management of pediatric cataracts is essential for optimal visual development. Most children with congenital or developmental cataracts require surgical intervention. Initial assessment of visual significance may be performed using the red reflex during distant direct ophthalmoscopy (see Image. Red Reflex). For visually significant cataracts, bilateral cases should be treated between 6 and 8 weeks of age, while unilateral cases require earlier intervention, typically between 4 and 6 weeks.

#3

Factors influencing adherence to dietary management in patients with classical galactosemia: A systematic review.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN2026 Mar 06

Lifelong dietary restriction is the main approach to managing classical galactosemia, yet maintaining adherence is challenging and poorly understood. Existing research has focused primarily on metabolic outcomes, with limited synthesis of the behavioral, psychosocial, and healthcare system factors shaping long-term dietary management. This systematic review aimed to identify determinants of dietary adherence in individuals with classical galactosemia and to synthesize these factors using the socio-ecological model to provide a multi-level understanding of influences on adherence. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies examining factors related to dietary management in classical galactosemia were included. Extracted determinants were synthesized narratively and deductively mapped to individual, interpersonal, healthcare system, community, and structural levels of the socio-ecological framework. Study quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Evidence directly examining adherence determinants was limited. However, psychosocial and contextual findings revealed consistent multi-level influences. Individual factors included psychological burden and cognitive challenges; interpersonal influences involved caregiver involvement and family dynamics; healthcare-level determinants related to access to specialist metabolic care and variability in dietary guidance; community factors included barriers to social participation; and structural concerns reflected long-term dependency and support needs. These findings suggest that dietary adherence in classical galactosemia is shaped by interacting ecological influences rather than solely individual behavior. Addressing psychosocial burden, family support, healthcare system consistency, and social participation barriers may be critical for improving long-term dietary management. The scarcity of adherence-focused research highlights the need for theory-informed, multi-level intervention studies in this rare metabolic disorder.

#4

Coagulopathy in Neonates With Classic Galactosemia: A Life-Threatening Yet Underrecognized Complication.

Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates &amp; Practitioners2026 Feb 26

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase deficiency, leading to toxic metabolite accumulation and life-threatening complications such as failure to thrive, sepsis, and acute liver failure. We hypothesize that coagulopathy is an underrecognized complication of CG and that this gap is reflected by limited documentation in the medical literature. A PubMed literature review was conducted to identify articles describing coagulopathy in CG. We filtered for guidelines, meta-analyses, reviews, and systematic reviews. Our article screening followed PRISMA guidelines. Of 49 identified articles, 26/49 (53%) met inclusion criteria. Only 6/49 (12%) explicitly described coagulopathy in CG, and only 1/49 (2%) discussed management. These data supports our hypothesis that coagulopathy may be an underrecognized complication of CG by clinicians and identifies a gap in current medical literature. Improved early recognition of coagulopathy in neonates with CG could prevent delays in treatment and improve outcomes.

#5

An update on clinical practice for Duarte galactosemia.

Molecular genetics and metabolism2026 Jan

Infants with Duarte galactosemia who receive breast milk or a high galactose-containing formula (dairy milk-based formula) are asymptomatic. Current data suggest that infants and children with Duarte galactosemia are not at increased risk for acute or long-term developmental complications regardless of dietary exposure to galactose in infancy. Premature ovarian insufficiency, which is common in classic galactosemia, has not been reported for girls or women with Duarte galactosemia. The diagnosis of Duarte galactosemia is established in a proband with partial deficiency of erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) enzyme activity that is typically about 25% of control activity; and a heterozygous GALT pathogenic variant and either a heterozygous or homozygous Duarte GALT allele (D2 allele) identified by molecular genetic testing. Treatment of manifestations: Most health care providers do not recommend dietary intervention for infants with Duarte galactosemia. A small number of providers recommend dietary galactose restriction in at least the first year of life for individuals who may have Duarte galactosemia, because locally available testing is insufficient to distinguish Duarte galactosemia from other forms of galactosemia. When dietary galactose is restricted in infancy, a galactose challenge should be considered by age 12 months with measurement of erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate concentration. If the galactose-1-phosphate concentration is within the normal range (<1.0 mg/dL), dietary restriction of galactose is generally discontinued. Surveillance: If dietary intervention is not recommended, surveillance is not typically performed. For infants placed on dietary galactose restriction, a galactose challenge is recommended at age one year. If the erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate concentration is >1.0 mg/dL following a galactose challenge, galactose restriction may be resumed and a galactose challenge and measurement of erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate concentration may be repeated every four to six months until the erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate concentration is <1.0 mg/dL. Agents/circumstances to avoid: Some health care providers recommend avoiding all high galactose foods (e.g., dairy milk products) for the first year of life, followed by a galactose challenge; other health care providers argue that this precaution is neither warranted nor desirable. Duarte galactosemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Molecular genetic testing is needed to clarify the genetic status of the parents of the proband. Typically, one parent of a child with Duarte galactosemia is heterozygous for the D2 allele and the other parent is heterozygous for a GALT pathogenic variant. If one parent is heterozygous for the D2 allele and the other parent is heterozygous for a GALT pathogenic variant, each sib has at conception: a 25% chance of having Duarte galactosemia; a 25% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier of a D2 allele; a 25% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier of a GALT pathogenic variant; and a 25% chance of being unaffected and having neither the GALT pathogenic variant nor the D2 allele. Risks to sibs are different for other parental genotypes. Individuals with Duarte galactosemia are at increased risk for having a child with classic or clinical variant galactosemia. Once the GALT pathogenic variant and D2 allele(s) have been identified in a family member with Duarte galactosemia, carrier testing for at-risk relatives and prenatal/preimplantation genetic testing are possible.

Publicações recentes

Ver todas no PubMed

📚 EuropePMC1.083 artigos no totalmostrando 198

2026

Hepatic and Extra-hepatic Outcomes of Classical Galactosemia in Infants: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology
2026

Factors influencing adherence to dietary management in patients with classical galactosemia: A systematic review.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN
2025

Metabolic signatures of galactosemia in magnetic resonance.

Biophysical reviews
2026

Coagulopathy in Neonates With Classic Galactosemia: A Life-Threatening Yet Underrecognized Complication.

Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates &amp; Practitioners
2025

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals mechanisms of Galt gene editing-induced liver injury involving HGF-VEGF-mediated intercellular signaling in mice.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
2026

Newborn screening in an Eastern Indian province: prevalence and trends from a burgeoning newborn screening unit.

Journal of tropical pediatrics
2025

Experimental Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase (GALT) mRNA Therapy Improves Motor-Related Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Classic Galactosemia-A Pilot Study.

Biomedicines
2025

Anxiety and stress in parents as well as the burden of raising a child with classical galactosemia.

Psychiatria polska
2025

Galactose mutarotase deficiency as the galactosemia type IV.

Journal of human genetics
2026

An update on clinical practice for Duarte galactosemia.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2025

Celebrating 50 Years of Nationwide Newborn Screening in Hungary-Review, Current Situation, and Future Directions.

International journal of neonatal screening
2025

Pretreatment With a Selected Strain of Baker's Yeast, GY007, Prevents the Accumulation of Galactose Metabolites Following Dietary Galactose Exposure in a GALT-Null Rat Model of Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Screening Tool Improves Recognition of Movement Disorders by Internists and Paediatricians in Patients With Inherited Metabolic Diseases.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Novel PGM1 Mutation in Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 1T: A Case Report of Liver Failure and Myopathy.

The American journal of case reports
2025

How useful are the biochemical tests in guiding the diagnostic workup of infantile cholestasis?

Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association
2025

Myo-Inositol Deficiency, Structural Brain Changes, and Cerebral Perfusion Alterations in Classic Galactosemia: Preliminary Insights From a Multiparametric MRI Study.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Classic galactosemia in the differential diagnosis of neonatal low gammaglutamyltransferase cholestasis.

Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica
2026

A 2-year-old girl with merged phenotypes: galactosemia and Coffin-Lowry syndrome.

Journal of pediatric endocrinology &amp; metabolism : JPEM
2025

Exit interviews with caregivers of pediatric patients with classic galactosemia to explore meaningfulness of changes in the ACTION-galactosemia kids trial.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2025

Unveiling the hidden burden: challenges and spectrum of inborn errors of metabolism in LMICs.

Pediatric research
2025

Translating the Power of Precision Medicine Into the World of Communication Disorders.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
2025

LysR-type transcriptional regulator CARR represses the expression of bla CAR-2 and reduces P. diazotrophicus resistance to cefalothin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
2025

WSe2 nanosheets with peroxidase-mimetic activity and carbon dots based ratiometric fluorescent strategy for D-galactose sensing.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
2025

Current research on plant-based milk alternatives and impact on health.

Advances in food and nutrition research
2025

Evaluation of Newborn Screening for Diseases Using C5-OH as a Marker: Systematic Review of the Literature and Evaluation of 17 Years of C5-OH Screening in the Netherlands.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Unilateral Oil Droplet Cataract in a Child: Importance of Early Detection and Intervention.

Annals of African medicine
2025

Prediction of Congenital Portosystemic Shunt in Neonatal Hypergalactosemia Using Gal-1-P/Gal Ratio, Bile Acid, and Ammonia.

International journal of neonatal screening
2025

Simultaneous, dual-target, bilateral deep brain stimulation for treatment of galactosemia-induced dystonia and tremor in a pediatric patient.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
2026

Evaluation of pre-analytical and analytical variables affecting galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase assay performance in the diagnosis of classical galactosemia.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry
2025

Effectiveness of Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate in PNPO Deficiency: A Systematic Review.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Association of the Rs2070075 GALT gene variant with Iranian primary ovarian insufficiency patients.

Gene
2025

A Pilot Study of Bone Marrow Transplantation in a GALT-Null Rat Model of Classic Galactosemia.

JIMD reports
2025

Clinical and genetic features of Classic Galactosemia in the south of Brazil.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2025

Deep Brain Stimulation in Classical Galactosemia: A Case-Report.

Movement disorders clinical practice
2025

The Metabolic Consequences of Pathogenic Variant in FXYD2 Gene Encoding the Gamma Subunit of Sodium/Potassium-Transporting ATPase in Two Siblings with Sodium-Dependent Defect of Fructose, Galactose and Glucose Renal Reabsorption.

Genes
2025

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in a Patient With GALTp.Ser135Leu/Null.

JIMD reports
2025

Rethinking Newborn Screening: A Case of GALM Deficiency.

International journal of neonatal screening
2025

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the mechanisms of lung injury induced by galt gene editing in mouse.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications
2025

Patterns of Penetrance and Expressivity of Long-Term Outcomes in Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

International Survey on Phenylketonuria Newborn Screening.

International journal of neonatal screening
2024

Implementing and validating newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism in South India: a 2-year observational study at a tertiary care hospital.

BMJ public health
2025

Epalrestat Alleviates Reactive Oxygen Species and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Maintaining Glycosylation in IMS32 Schwann Cells Under Exposure to Galactosemic Conditions.

International journal of molecular sciences
2025

Unusual Presentation of Classical Galactosemia: A Case Report of Iranian Experience.

Clinical case reports
2025

Reshaping the Treatment Landscape of a Galactose Metabolism Disorder.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Improvement of Mutant Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase (GALT) Activity by FDA-Approved Pharmacochaperones: A Preliminary Study.

International journal of molecular sciences
2025

Galactose Impairs Motor Performance and Cerebellar Signaling in Young Male Wistar Rats.

Molecular neurobiology
2025

Human Milk Feeding in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Growth, Metabolic Control, and Neurodevelopment Outcomes.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Assessment of Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Purple Sweet Potato Color (PSPC) and Myo-Inositol (MI) Treatment for Motor Related and Behavioral Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2025

Primary ovarian insufficiency in Classic Galactosemia: a systematic review.

Journal of endocrinological investigation
2025

Results of the ACTION-Galactosemia Kids Study to Evaluate the Effects of Govorestat in Pediatric Patients with Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of clinical pharmacology
2024

Monosaccharides improve symptoms of an animal model for type III galactosemia, through the activation of the insulin pathway.

Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie
2024

Galactosemia among Positive-screened Patients who Underwent Lactose Challenge: A Review of Records of the Newborn Screening Program.

Acta medica Philippina
2024

Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics of paediatric ovary: Molecular insights into the dysregulated signalling pathways underlying premature ovarian insufficiency in classic galactosemia.

Clinical and translational medicine
2024

Clinical and biochemical evolution after partial dietary liberalization of two cases of galactosemia due to galactose mutarotase deficiency.

BMC pediatrics
2024

Outcome of Expanded Newborn Screening Among 194 000 Neonates at Northeast México.

Global pediatric health
2024

Copper Single-Atom Nanozyme Mimicking Galactose Oxidase with Superior Catalytic Activity and Selectivity.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
2024

Social cognition, psychosocial development and well-being in galactosemia.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2024

Motor Milestones: Sensory Motor Trends of Young Children with Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of occupational therapy, schools &amp; early intervention
2025

Health and well-being of maturing adults with classic galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2024

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the New Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Govorestat (AT-007) After a Single and Multiple Doses in Participants in a Phase 1/2 Study.

Journal of clinical pharmacology
2024

Galactose-1-phosphate inhibits cytochrome c oxidase and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in classic galactosemia.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
2024

Galactokinase 1 is the source of elevated galactose-1-phosphate and cerebrosides are modestly reduced in a mouse model of classic galactosemia.

JIMD reports
2024

Restoring galactose metabolism without restoring GALT rescues both compromised survival in larvae and an adult climbing deficit in a GALT-null D. Melanogaster model of classic galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2024

Sepsis caused by Phytobacter diazotrophicus complicated with galactosemia type 1 in China: a case report.

BMC infectious diseases
2024

Inborn errors of metabolism and pregnancy.

American journal of obstetrics &amp; gynecology MFM
2024

A case report of classic galactosemia with a GALT gene variant and a literature review.

BMC pediatrics
2024

Phenotypic and genetic spectra of galactose mutarotase deficiency: A nationwide survey conducted in Japan.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
2024

Ovarian histology in children with classic galactosemia and correlation with endocrine and metabolic markers.

Fertility and sterility
2024

Simple and sensitive galactose monitoring based on capillary SERS sensor.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
2024

Effect of Protection Polymer Coatings on the Performance of an Amperometric Galactose Biosensor in Human Plasma.

Biosensors
2024

Impact of theta transcranial alternating current stimulation on language production in adult classic galactosemia patients.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2024

Altered neural oscillations in classical galactosaemia during sentence production.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2024

Natural history of three late-diagnosed classic Galactosemia patients.

Molecular genetics and metabolism reports
2024

Clinical and biochemical phenotypes, genotypes, and long-term outcomes of individuals with galactosemia type I from a single metabolic genetics center in Alberta.

Molecular genetics and metabolism reports
2024

Twelve-year review of galactosemia newborn screening in Taiwan: Evolving methods and insights.

Molecular genetics and metabolism reports
2024

Untreated Classic Galactosemia: A Rare Cause of Adult-Onset Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia - A Case Report.

Case reports in neurology
2024

Neuropsychological stability in classical galactosemia: A pilot study in 10 adult patients.

JIMD reports
2024

Brain function in classic galactosemia, a galactosemia network (GalNet) members review.

Frontiers in genetics
2024

Development of a New Amperometric Biosensor for Measurement of Plasma Galactose Levels.

ACS omega
2024

Recent and anticipated novel drug approvals for 2024.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
2024

Whole-body galactose oxidation as a robust functional assay to assess the efficacy of gene-based therapies in a mouse model of Galactosemia.

Molecular therapy. Methods &amp; clinical development
2024

Odimet®: A Pioneering Tele-Health Tool to Empower Dietary Treatment and the Acute Management of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-An Assessment of Its Effectiveness during the COVID Pandemic.

Nutrients
2023

Incidental Detection of Classical Galactosemia through Newborn Screening for Phenylketonuria: A 10-Year Retrospective Audit to Determine the Efficacy of This Approach.

International journal of neonatal screening
2024

Social cognition, emotion regulation and social competence in classical galactosemia patients without intellectual disability.

Acta neuropsychiatrica
2023

Classic Galactosemia: Clinical and Computational Characterization of a Novel GALT Missense Variant (p.A303D) and a Literature Review.

International journal of molecular sciences
2023

Molecular characterization of novel and rare DNA variants in patients with galactosemia.

Frontiers in genetics
2024

Pathologically relevant aldoses and environmental aldehydes cause cilium disassembly via formyl group-mediated mechanisms.

Journal of molecular cell biology
2024

Pseudohyperglycemia due to glucometer interference in galactosemia.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine
2023

PPA1 Deficiency Causes a Deranged Galactose Metabolism Recognizable in Neonatal Screening.

Metabolites
2023

Prospects for Expansion of Universal Newborn Screening in Bulgaria: A Survey among Medical Professionals.

International journal of neonatal screening
2023

Long-term complications in classic galactosemia are not progressive.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2023

Investigation of the effect of vitamin K1 prophylaxis on newborn screenings tests in newborns.

Journal of medical biochemistry
2023

Grip strength in patients with galactosemia and in a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT)-null rat model.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2023

Carriers of autosomal recessive conditions: are they really 'unaffected?'.

Journal of medical genetics
2023

Understanding the patient experience of Classic Galactosemia in pediatric and adult patients: increased disease burden, challenges with daily living, and how they evolve over time.

Journal of patient-reported outcomes
2023

Diagnostic yield of workups ordered by pediatric ophthalmologists for bilateral pediatric cataracts at a tertiary pediatric hospital in the United States.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
2024

Classical Hereditary galactosemia: findings in patients and animal models.

Metabolic brain disease
2024

Improved sensitivity and specificity for citrin deficiency using selected amino acids and acylcarnitines in the newborn screening.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2023

Hepatic adenoma in a 7-year-old girl: a case report and literature review.

BMC pediatrics
2023

Development, optimization and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination of DBS GALT enzyme activity.

Analytical biochemistry
2023

Novel GALT variations and genetic spectrum in Turkish population with the correlation of genotype and phenotype.

Annals of human genetics
2023

[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a child with Galactosemia due to compound heterozygous variants of GALT gene].

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics
2023

In vitro galactose impairs energy metabolism in the brain of young rats: protective role of antioxidants.

Nucleosides, nucleotides &amp; nucleic acids
2023

The challenges of classical galactosemia: HRQoL in pediatric and adult patients.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2023

Endocrine Disorders in a Newborn with Heterozygous Galactosemia, Down Syndrome and Complex Cardiac Malformation: Case Report.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
2024

Virtual Post-Intervention Speech and Language Assessment of Toddler and Preschool Participants in Babble Boot Camp.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
2023

Evaluation of ovarian reserve in young females with non-iatrogenic ovarian insufficiency to establish criteria for ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

Reproductive biomedicine online
2023

Secondary Reporting of G6PD Deficiency on Newborn Screening.

International journal of neonatal screening
2023

Lathosterolosis - A Rare Treatable Cause for Global Developmental Delay, Cataract, and Liver Dysfunction Masquerading as Galactosemia.

Indian journal of pediatrics
2023

Biomarker discovery in galactosemia: Metabolomics with UPLC/HRMS in dried blood spots.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences
2023

Association of genetic disorders and congenital malformations with premature ovarian insufficiency: a nationwide register-based study.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)
2023

Design and Outcomes of a Novel Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Genetics Clinic.

Genes
2022

Retrospective Case-Control Study of Communication and Motor Abilities in 143 Children With Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Effect of Concomitant Diagnosis.

Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups
2023

Optical Coherence Tomography: Retinal Imaging Contributes to the Understanding of Brain Pathology in Classical Galactosemia.

Journal of clinical medicine
2023

Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection-Based Analysis of Sugar Contents in Korean Agricultural Products for Patients with Galactosemia.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2023

Successful heart transplantation in an infant with phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency (PGM1-CDG).

JIMD reports
2023

Racial and ethnic diversity of classic and clinical variant galactosemia in the United States.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2023

GALE variants associated with syndromic manifestations, macrothrombocytopenia, bleeding, and platelet dysfunction.

Platelets
2023

Novel solid inks based on beeswax, graphite and graphene applied to the fabrication of paper-based sensor for galactose determination.

Talanta
2023

Virus-like nanoparticles as enzyme carriers for Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT).

Virology
2023

Comparison of In Vitro and In Silico Assessments of Human Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Coding Variants.

Cureus
2023

Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia.

Nutrients
2023

Inherited Fanconi syndrome.

World journal of pediatrics : WJP
2023

Tenofovir as a cause of acquired fanconi's syndrome.

Annals of African medicine
2022

The Importance of Neonatal Screening for Galactosemia.

Nutrients
2023

Comprehensive analysis of non-synonymous missense SNPs of human galactose mutarotase (GALM) gene: an integrated computational approach.

Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics
2022

Co-Occurring Atypical Galactosemia and Wilson Disease.

Molecular syndromology
2023

Demonstrating the utility of sugar-phosphate phosphatases in coupled enzyme assays: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase as proof-of-concept.

Glycobiology
2023

Addition of galactose-1-phosphate measurement enhances newborn screening for classical galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2023

The hypergonadotropic hypogonadism conundrum of classic galactosemia.

Human reproduction update
2023

Rare disease therapeutics: The future of medical genetics in a changing landscape.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
2022

Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Infertility Due to Premature Ovarian Failure.

Cureus
2022

Early postnatal alterations in follicular stress response and survival in a mouse model of Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of ovarian research
2023

All aspects of galactosemia: a single center experience.

Journal of pediatric endocrinology &amp; metabolism : JPEM
2022

Neonatal classic galactosemia-diagnosis, clinical profile and molecular characteristics in unscreened Turkish population.

Journal of tropical pediatrics
2022

Identification of Clinical Variants beyond the Exome in Inborn Errors of Metabolism.

International journal of molecular sciences
2022

Determination of the lactose and galactose content of common foods: Relevance to galactosemia.

Food science &amp; nutrition
2022

Feasibility of a Proactive Parent-Implemented Communication Intervention Delivered via Telepractice for Children With Classic Galactosemia.

American journal of speech-language pathology
2022

Oxidation of independent and combined ingested galactose and glucose during exercise.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
2022

Laparoscopic ovarian tissue harvesting for cryopreservation from a child with galactosemia.

Fertility and sterility
2022

Current Understanding on the Genetic Basis of Key Metabolic Disorders: A Review.

Biology
2022

One step cascade detection of galactose based on a galactose oxidase-composited peroxidase nanozyme.

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications
2022

A multinational study of acute and long-term outcomes of Type 1 galactosemia patients who carry the S135L (c.404C > T) variant of GALT.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2022

Galactose epimerase deficiency: lessons from the GalNet registry.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2022

Multi-omics in classical galactosemia: Evidence for the involvement of multiple metabolic pathways.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2022

Harnessing the Power of Purple Sweet Potato Color and Myo-Inositol to Treat Classic Galactosemia.

International journal of molecular sciences
2022

Galactosemia: Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Newborn Screening, and Treatment.

Biomolecules
2022

Pathophysiology of long-term complications in classic galactosemia: What we do and do not know.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2022

Neonatal Cholestasis: The Changing Etiological Spectrum in Pakistani Children.

Cureus
2022

Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Becoming Ready for Rare.

Pediatrics in review
2022

Translating principles of precision medicine into speech-language pathology: Clinical trial of a proactive speech and language intervention for infants with classic galactosemia.

HGG advances
2022

Novel mRNA therapy restores GALT protein and enzyme activity in a zebrafish model of classic galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2022

A novel galactose electrochemical biosensor intended for point-of-care measurement of quantitative liver function using galactose single-point test.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
2022

Massively parallel sequencing uncovered disease-associated variant spectra of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, phenylketonuria and galactosemia in Vietnamese pregnant women.

Molecular genetics &amp; genomic medicine
2022

Transient Cytopenias as a Rare Presentation of Classic Galactosemia.

Cureus
2022

Qualitative interviews with adults with Classic Galactosemia and their caregivers: disease burden and challenges with daily living.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2022

Perspective on newborn screening (NBS): Evidence sharing on conditions to be included in NBS in Pakistan.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
2022

Sphingolipid depletion suppresses UPR activation and promotes galactose hypersensitivity in yeast models of classic galactosemia.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
2022

Bayesian Interpretation of Essential Tremor Plus.

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)
2022

3.19 Inborn Errors of Metabolism.

World review of nutrition and dietetics
2021

Pathophysiology and management of classic galactosemic primary ovarian insufficiency.

Reproduction &amp; fertility
2022

Newborn Screening in Japan-2021.

International journal of neonatal screening
2022

Acute and early developmental outcomes of children with Duarte galactosemia.

JIMD reports
2022

Neonatal GALT gene replacement offers metabolic and phenotypic correction through early adulthood in a rat model of classic galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2022

AAV-mediated expression of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase corrects defects of galactose metabolism in classic galactosemia patient fibroblasts.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

The Discovery of GALM Deficiency (Type IV Galactosemia) and Newborn Screening System for Galactosemia in Japan.

International journal of neonatal screening
2022

Two consecutive pregnancies in a patient with premature ovarian insufficiency in the course of classic galactosemia and a review of the literature.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
2022

Adolescent Fertility Preservation: Where Do We Stand Now.

Seminars in reproductive medicine
2021

Toward Preventing Speech and Language Disorders of Known Genetic Origin: First Post-Intervention Results of Babble Boot Camp in Children With Classic Galactosemia.

American journal of speech-language pathology
2021

Simulation of the Interactions of Arginine with Wild-Type GALT Enzyme and the Classic Galactosemia-Related Mutant p.Q188R by a Computational Approach.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2021

Analysis of the Structure-Function-Dynamics Relationships of GALT Enzyme and of Its Pathogenic Mutant p.Q188R: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study in Different Experimental Conditions.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2021

Frequency and status of depression and anxiety in mothers of children with inborn errors of metabolism with restricted diet, with and without risk of metabolic crises.

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie
2022

β-Galactosidase therapy can mitigate blood galactose elevation after an oral lactose load in galactose mutarotase deficiency.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

Commentary: Galactosemia Diagnosis by Whole Exome Sequencing Later in Life.

Movement disorders clinical practice
2021

Galactosemia Diagnosis by Whole Exome Sequencing Later in Life.

Movement disorders clinical practice
2021

Structure-Based Optimization of Small Molecule Human Galactokinase Inhibitors.

Journal of medicinal chemistry
2021

Abnormal N-glycan fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation of IgG in adults with classical galactosemia, influence of dietary galactose intake.

JIMD reports
2021

Transient developmental delays in infants with Duarte-2 variant galactosemia.

Molecular genetics and metabolism
2021

Candidate reference measurement procedure based on HPAEC-PAD for the development of certified reference materials for monosaccharides in serum.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
2021

Acute liver failure in newborns.

Turkish archives of pediatrics
2021

Assessment of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity in cells and tissues.

Journal of biological methods
2021

Decellularized pericardium tissues at increasing glucose, galactose and ribose concentrations and at different time points studied using scanning X-ray microscopy.

IUCrJ
2021

Expansion of the clinical phenotype of GALE deficiency.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A
2021

Oxidative Stress in Intoxıcation Type Inborn Errors of Metabolism using Thiol-Disulfide Ratio.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
2021

50 Years Ago in TheJournalofPediatrics: Pregnancy in Women with Galactosemia.

The Journal of pediatrics
2021

The genetic basis of classical galactosaemia in Polish patients.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2021

[13C]-galactose breath test in a patient with galactokinase deficiency and spastic diparesis.

JIMD reports
2021

Galactose in human metabolism, glycosylation and congenital metabolic diseases: Time for a closer look.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects
2021

Newborn screening in Latin America: A brief overview of the state of the art.

American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics
2021

Fragment Screening Reveals Starting Points for Rational Design of Galactokinase 1 Inhibitors to Treat Classic Galactosemia.

ACS chemical biology
2021

Hand fine motor control in classic galactosemia.

Journal of inherited metabolic disease
2021

Virus-Based Nanoreactors with GALT Activity for Classic Galactosemia Therapy.

ChemMedChem
2021

Galactosemia: Towards Pharmacological Chaperones.

Journal of personalized medicine
2021

Molecular dynamics, residue network analysis, and cross-correlation matrix to characterize the deleterious missense mutations in GALE causing galactosemia III.

Cell biochemistry and biophysics
2021

Current and Future Treatments for Classic Galactosemia.

Journal of personalized medicine
2020

A Case of UDP-Galactose 4'-Epimerase Deficiency Associated with Dyshematopoiesis and Atrioventricular Valve Malformations: An Exceptional Clinical Phenotype Explained by Altered N-Glycosylation with Relative Preservation of the Leloir Pathway.

Molecular syndromology
2021

Puberty and fertility in classic galactosemia.

Endocrine connections
2021

Clinicohistological correlation of etiological spectrum of chronic liver disease diagnosed during noncirrhotic stages in children: Can need of liver biopsy be obviated?

JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Ver todos os 1.083 no EuropePMC

Associações

Organizações que acompanham esta doença — pra ter apoio e orientação

Ainda não temos associações cadastradas para Galactosemia.

É de uma associação que acompanha esta doença? Fale com a gente →

Comunidades

Grupos ativos de quem convive com esta doença aqui no Raras

Ainda não existe comunidade no Raras para Galactosemia

Pacientes, familiares e cuidadores se organizam em comunidades pra compartilhar experiências, fazer perguntas e se apoiar. Você pode ser o primeiro.

Tire suas dúvidas

Perguntas, dicas e experiências compartilhadas aqui na página

Participe da discussão

Faça login para postar dúvidas, compartilhar experiências e interagir com especialistas.

Fazer login

Doenças relacionadas

Doenças com sintomas parecidos — ajudam quem ainda está buscando diagnóstico

Referências e fontes

Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo

Publicações científicas

Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.

  1. Hepatic and Extra-hepatic Outcomes of Classical Galactosemia in Infants: A Longitudinal Observational Study.
    Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology· 2026· PMID 41859485mais citado
  2. Newborn screening in an Eastern Indian province: prevalence and trends from a burgeoning newborn screening unit.
    Journal of tropical pediatrics· 2026· PMID 41620979mais citado
  3. Factors influencing adherence to dietary management in patients with classical galactosemia: A systematic review.
    Clinical nutrition ESPEN· 2026· PMID 41796744mais citado
  4. Coagulopathy in Neonates With Classic Galactosemia: A Life-Threatening Yet Underrecognized Complication.
    Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates &amp; Practitioners· 2026· PMID 41746225mais citado
  5. An update on clinical practice for Duarte galactosemia.
    Molecular genetics and metabolism· 2026· PMID 41380659mais citado
  6. Immunological Manifestations in GALE Deficiency: Extending the Spectrum Beyond Thrombocytopenia and Galactosemia.
    J Clin Immunol· 2026· PMID 41986803recente
  7. Heritability of Long-Term Complications in Classic Galactosemia.
    J Inherit Metab Dis· 2026· PMID 41905783recente
  8. Metabolic signatures of galactosemia in magnetic resonance.
    Biophys Rev· 2025· PMID 41788242recente

Bases de dados e fontes oficiais

Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.

  1. ORPHA:352(Orphanet)
  2. MONDO:0018116(MONDO)
  3. GARD:2424(GARD (NIH))
  4. Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
  5. Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
  6. Artigo Wikipedia(Wikipedia)
  7. Q774483(Wikidata)

Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.

Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar

Galactosemia
Compêndio · Raras BR

Galactosemia

ORPHA:352 · MONDO:0018116
🇧🇷 Brasil SUS
Triagem
Galactose total em sangue seco
PNTN
Fase 2
Incidência BR
1:30.000
Geral
Prevalência
Unknown
Herança
Autosomal recessive
CID-10
E74.21 · Outros distúrbios do metabolismo de carboidratos
CID-11
Ensaios
3 ativos
Início
Childhood, Infancy, Neonatal
Prevalência
0.0 (Worldwide)
MedGen
UMLS
C0016952
EuropePMC
Wikidata
Wikipedia
Papers 10a
DiscussaoAtiva

Nenhuma novidade ainda. O agente esta monitorando.

0membros
0novidades