Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Nucleus

Thyroid hormone resistance, generalized, autosomal dominant

An autosomal dominant disease characterized by high levels of circulating thyroid hormones (T3-T4), goiter, abnormal mental functions, increased susceptibility to infections, abnormal growth and bone maturation, tachycardia and deafness. Affected individuals may also have attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and language difficulties. Patients have normal or slightly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Transcription factor required for the development of the heart and the spleen (PubMed:22560297). During heart development, acts as a transcriptional activator of NPPA/ANF in cooperation with GATA4 (By similarity). May cooperate with TBX2 to negatively modulate expression of NPPA/ANF in the atrioventricular canal (By similarity). Binds to the core DNA motif of NPPA promoter (PubMed:22849347, PubMed:26926761). Together with PBX1, required for spleen development through a mechanism that involves CD

Nucleus

Atrial septal defect 7, with or without atrioventricular conduction defects

A congenital heart malformation characterized by incomplete closure of the wall between the atria resulting in blood flow from the left to the right atria, and atrioventricular conduction defects in some cases.

Transcription factor that binds consensus sites on a variety of gene promoters and activate their transcription. Involved in proper palate formation, most probably through the expression of MSX1 and TGFB3 genes which are direct targets of this transcription factor. Also implicated in thyroid gland morphogenesis. May indirectly play a role in cell growth and migration through the regulation of WNT5A expression

Nucleus

Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome

An autosomal recessive disease characterized by congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid agenesis or thyroid hypoplasia, cleft palate, spiky hair, with or without choanal atresia, and bifid epiglottis.

Receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin (PubMed:11847099, PubMed:12045258). Also acts as a receptor for the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (GPHA2:GPHB5) or thyrostimulin (PubMed:12045258). TSHR is coupled to G(s) proteins and mediates the activation of adenylate cyclase (PubMed:11847099, PubMed:35940205, PubMed:35940204). This leads to the generation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA subsequently phosphoryl

Cell membraneBasolateral cell membrane

Sodium-independent transporter of chloride and iodide (PubMed:10192399, PubMed:11932316, PubMed:12107249, PubMed:16684826, PubMed:24051746). Mediates electroneutral chloride-bicarbonate, chloride-iodide and chloride-formate exchange with 1:1 stoichiometry (PubMed:10644529, PubMed:15155570, PubMed:24051746, PubMed:35601831). Mediates electroneutral iodide-bicarbonate exchange (By similarity)

Cell membraneApical cell membrane

Pendred syndrome

An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss in association with thyroid goiter. The disorder may account for up to 10% of the cases of hereditary deafness. The deafness is most often associated with a Mondini cochlear defect. Deafness occurs early, starting at birth or during the first years of life. It is bilateral, sometimes asymmetrical, fluctuant and often progressive. Thyroid perturbations, such as thyroid goiter and/or hypothyroidism appear most commonly during adolescence, but they can be congenital or appear later.

Transcription factor for the thyroid-specific expression of the genes exclusively expressed in the thyroid cell type, maintaining the functional differentiation of such cells

Nucleus

Hypothyroidism, congenital, non-goitrous, 2

A disease characterized by thyroid dysgenesis, the most frequent cause of congenital hypothyroidism, accounting for 85% of case. The thyroid gland can be completely absent (athyreosis), ectopically located and/or severely hypoplastic. Ectopic thyroid gland is the most frequent malformation, with thyroid tissue being found most often at the base of the tongue.

Transcription factor that binds and activates the promoter of thyroid specific genes such as thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, and thyrotropin receptor. Crucial in the maintenance of the thyroid differentiation phenotype. May play a role in lung development and surfactant homeostasis. Forms a regulatory loop with GRHL2 that coordinates lung epithelial cell morphogenesis and differentiation. Activates the transcription of GNRHR and plays a role in enhancing the circadian oscillation of its gene exp

Nucleus

Chorea, hereditary benign

A rare autosomal dominant movement disorder, defined by early onset in childhood, a stable or non-progressive course of chorea, and no mental deterioration. Chorea is characterized by involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement.