É um tipo raro de câncer (adenocarcinoma) com prognóstico sério, que se desenvolve a partir das células da parte da frente da glândula hipófise ou de tumores benignos (adenomas) que já existiam nessa região. A maioria desses tumores produz hormônios em excesso, geralmente prolactina ou ACTH. O diagnóstico só é confirmado quando o câncer já se espalhou para outras partes do corpo (formando metástases). Problemas de saúde associados a esses cânceres da hipófise incluem a hiperprolactinemia (excesso de prolactina), a doença de Cushing e a acromegalia.
Introdução
O que você precisa saber de cara
É um tipo raro de câncer (adenocarcinoma) com prognóstico sério, que se desenvolve a partir das células da parte da frente da glândula hipófise ou de tumores benignos (adenomas) que já existiam nessa região. A maioria desses tumores produz hormônios em excesso, geralmente prolactina ou ACTH. O diagnóstico só é confirmado quando o câncer já se espalhou para outras partes do corpo (formando metástases). Problemas de saúde associados a esses cânceres da hipófise incluem a hiperprolactinemia (excesso de prolactina), a doença de Cushing e a acromegalia.
Tem tratamento?
Escala de raridade
<1/50kMuito rara
1/20kRara
1/10kPouco freq.
1/5kIncomum
1/2k
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Sinais e sintomas
O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece
Partes do corpo afetadas
+ 8 sintomas em outras categorias
Características mais comuns
Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 23 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.
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Genética e causas
O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias
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Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam
Tratamento e manejo
Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar
Onde tratar no SUS
Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)
🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Carcinoma hipofisário
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Publicações mais relevantes
Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?
Aggressive pituitary tumours (APT) and pituitary carcinomas (PC) are rare pituitary neoplasms and occur more frequently in men. Corticotroph and lactotroph tumours represent the most frequent secreting subtypes, showing different sex-related distribution, clinical features, and behaviour compared with benign disease. This review evaluates whether these sex-related differences persist in APT/PC and their clinical and therapeutic implications. A literature review of case reports, series, and clinical studies, published between 2000 and October 2025, reporting sex-related data on corticotroph and lactotroph APT/PC, was conducted. Clinical presentation, pathological features, and outcomes were extracted and analysed by sex. 93 corticotroph APT/PC (38 W, 55 M) and 80 lactotroph APT/PC (29 W, 51 M) were included. Among corticotroph APT/PC, men more commonly had non-functioning lesions (36.5%, vs. 17.6%), showed loss of hormonal secretion (7.7%, n = 4/52), and had invasive disease (100%, vs. 73.3%, p: 0.03). Women more frequently harboured Crooke’s cell tumours (26.3% vs. 5.5%, p: 0.006) and showed complete radiological responses (22.2%, vs. 9.1%). In lactotroph APT/PC, men had giant tumours (27.3%, vs. 5.0%), invasive disease (83.3%, vs. 63.6%), higher prolactin levels, and dopamine agonist resistance. Complete tumour responses to temozolomide occurred exclusively in women (22.7%, n = 5/22, p: 0.02), whereas partial durable responses predominated in men (46.2%, n = 18/39). Male sex is associated with higher prevalence and more aggressive disease, whereas women achieve more profound tumour and hormonal responses. Sex-specific stratification may support personalized management of these rare pituitary tumours. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11102-026-01656-y.
Life-Threatening Radiation Necrosis After Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With a Metastatic Silent PIT1 Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET).
Metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (metPitNETs) are rare neoplasms with limited therapeutic options. Temozolomide is the first-line therapy, but primary or secondary resistance frequently occurs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are emerging as a promising second-line option; however, clinical experience remains limited. We report the long-term follow-up of a 62-year-old male patient who received pembrolizumab (PBZ) treatment for a silent metPitNET derived from the PIT1 lineage after multiple surgical and radiation therapies and temozolomide failure. PBZ was proposed based on extensive PD-L1 expression by tumor cells. A remarkable clinical, radiologic, and metabolic response was soon observed, progressively leading to complete disease remission after 21 months of treatment, with moderate immune-related adverse events. However, an unexpected rapid neurological deterioration occurred, due to the progression of a pseudotumoral temporal radionecrosis surrounded by an impressive vasogenic oedema, requiring emergency neurosurgery 7 weeks after PBZ withdrawal. The temporal mass had progressively developed on a previous small temporal metastasis treated through stereotactic radiosurgery, the corresponding area was hypometabolic at 18FDG PET-CT imaging, and histopathologic examination confirmed extensive radionecrosis and the absence of residual tumor cells. This is the first documented complete response to ICI in a PIT1-derived metPitNET. However, this remarkable response was complicated by the severe evolution of a brain radionecrosis, probably favoured by long-term PBZ. This case underscores the need for multidisciplinary expertise to differentiate treatment effects from neoplastic progression and to carefully follow-up the patients for potentially severe late treatment-related complications. It also questions the optimal duration of treatment in responsive cases. The pituitary gland occupies the sella turcica, a bony depression within the sphenoid bone, and consists of anterior and posterior segments. The anterior portion, known as the adenohypophysis, contains glandular tissue, while the posterior segment, or neurohypophysis, consists of neural tissue. Connection to the hypothalamus occurs through the pituitary stalk, which provides a portal circulation to the anterior pituitary and a neuronal pathway to the posterior pituitary. Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus regulate the anterior pituitary, whereas the hypothalamus produces the posterior pituitary hormones that remain stored in the posterior lobe until release. Tumors arising from the anterior pituitary gland represent approximately 15% of all intracranial neoplasms and are most often benign adenomas. However, in rare cases, these tumors acquire the ability to metastasize, becoming classified as pituitary carcinoma. Pituitary carcinoma differs from secondary metastases to the pituitary gland originating from systemic malignancies, eg, lung or breast cancer, and, less frequently, from prostate, kidney, or colon cancer, among others.
Imaging and clinical course of metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET): A single center case series.
PurposeMetastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are exceedingly rare tumors that are typically diagnosed at the time of metastasis. Given the rarity of metastatic PitNET tumors, the pattern of metastasis and imaging appearance of CNS and extra neural metastasis is under reported and poorly understood.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, we present 14 consecutive patients with pathology-confirmed metastatic PitNET tumors. We assess imaging features of primary pituitary disease at the time of diagnosis, temporal evolution of local disease, and distant metastasis on multimodality imaging. We also explore potential association of initial pathology diagnosis and time to metastasis and survival.ResultsAt the time of metastasis, nine patients had evidence of disease in the sella and three additional had evidence of disease in the cavernous sinus. The most common site of metastatic disease was the CNS (78.6%). Dural deposits were the most common brain CNS metastatic disease manifestation (81.8%). Eight patients (57.1%) demonstrated multiple metastatic disease sites, with five of them (62.5%) showing both CNS and extra CNS metastases. Osseous metastatic disease was the most common extra CNS disease site (75.0%). Median time to metastasis did not significantly differ between patients with adenoma and those with more aggressive pathologies at initial diagnosis (p value = .39). Similarly, median overall survival from metastasis detection was not significantly affected by pathology (p value = .84).ConclusionMetastatic PitNET is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm. In the present case series, we detail temporal imaging findings of the disease at the primary site and patterns of metastasis.
The 2022 WHO classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: An update on aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.
The vast majority of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are benign and slow growing with a low relapse rate over many years after surgical resection. However, about 40% are locally invasive and may not be surgically cured, and about one percentage demonstrate an aggressive clinical behavior. Exceptionally, these aggressive tumors may metastasize outside the sellar region to the central nervous system and/or systemically. The 2017 (4th Edition) WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors abandoned the terminology "atypical adenoma" for tumors previously considered to have potential for a more aggressive behavior since its prognostic value was not established. The 2022 (5th Edition) WHO Classification of the Pituitary Tumors emphasizes the concept that morphological features distinguish indolent tumors from locally aggressive ones, however, the proposed histological subtypes are not consistent with the real life clinical characteristics of patients with aggressive tumors/carcinomas. So far, no single clinical, radiological or histological parameter can determine the risk of growth or malignant progression. Novel promising molecular prognostic markers, such as mutations in ATRX, TP53, SF3B1, and epigenetic DNA modifications, will need to be verified in larger tumor cohorts. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the WHO guidelines for prognostic stratification and diagnosis of aggressive and metastatic PitNETs. In addition, we discuss the new WHO recommendations for changing ICD-O and ICD-11 codes for PitNET tumor behavior from a neoplasm either "benign" or "unspecified, borderline, or uncertain behavior" to "malignant" neoplasm regardless of the clinical presentation, histopathological subtype, and tumor location. We encourage multidisciplinary initiatives for integrated clinical, histological and molecular classification, which would enable early recognition of these challenging tumors and initiation of more appropriate and aggressive treatments, ultimately improving the outcome.
Long-term survival in a patient with metastatic prolactinoma: a 12-year follow-up.
Metastatic prolactinomas are an extremely rare type of neuroendocrine tumors, comprising <0.2% of all pituitary tumors. These tumors are typically associated with poor prognosis, with an average survival of 10 months. Temozolomide, an alkylating chemotherapy agent, has previously been shown to be effective in treating these rare cases once first-line medical and surgical therapies have failed. We present a patient with metastatic prolactinoma to the cerebellopontine angle, thoracic spine, and lumbar spine who has achieved 12 years of survival with clinical improvement and stabilization after 4 years of temozolomide therapy. Metastatic prolactinomas are extremely rare but aggressive entities within the spectrum of pituitary tumors, comprising 0.1% to 0.2% of all pituitary tumors.Metastatic prolactinomas are often indistinguishable from aggressive benign adenomas until metastases are detected. The prognosis for patients with metastatic prolactinomas is generally poor, with a mean survival time of around 10 months following the diagnosis of metastatic spread.Temozolomide is an alkylating chemotherapy agent used as an off-label treatment for metastatic prolactinoma, although patients’ responses to therapy can vary significantly.
Publicações recentes
A Case of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Bone Metastases.
📖 RevisãoTemozolomide in aggressive and metastatic pituitary tumors: a Brazilian multicenter real-world cohort study.
📖 RevisãoAggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?
Life-Threatening Radiation Necrosis After Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With a Metastatic Silent PIT1 Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET).
📚 EuropePMC205 artigos no totalmostrando 198
Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?
PituitaryLife-Threatening Radiation Necrosis After Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With a Metastatic Silent PIT1 Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET).
Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)Long-term survival in a patient with metastatic prolactinoma: a 12-year follow-up.
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)Transformation of Lactotroph Pituitary Adenoma to Metastatic Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report.
CureusRare Occurrence of Distant Metastases in Prolactinoma: Insights From 2 Cases and Review of the Literature.
AACE endocrinology and diabetesImaging and clinical course of metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET): A single center case series.
The neuroradiology journalRevised European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.
European journal of endocrinologyProlactin-secreting pituitary carcinomas with intra- and extracranial metastasis: case report and review.
Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. BurdenkoGenome-wide methylation profiling differentiates benign from aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.
Acta neuropathologicaClinical features of pituitary carcinoma: analysis based on a case report and literature review.
Frontiers in endocrinology[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].
Problemy endokrinologiiHigh-Grade Progression, Sarcomatous Transformation, and/or Metastasis of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PitNENs): The UCSF Experience.
Endocrine pathologyEndoscopic endonasal approach for resection of sellar leiomyosarcoma metastasis: illustrative case.
Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessonsThe 2022 WHO classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: An update on aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.
Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)Prolactin Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma and the Role of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: A Brief Report.
Neurology IndiaAdrenocorticotropic Hormone Producing Pituitary Carcinoma in the Falx Cerebri, Retroclival Region, Ethmoidal Cells, and Other Locations.
CureusAggressive Prolactinoma with Progression to Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report.
Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets[Aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: modern classification, advances and prospects in treatment].
Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. BurdenkoThyroid and neurobehavioral effects of DiNP on GH3 cells and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).
ChemosphereGenome-wide loss of heterozygosity predicts aggressive, treatment-refractory behavior in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.
Acta neuropathologicaA Rare Prolactin-secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Epidural and Thecal Metastases.
JCEM case reportsHistorical Control Background Incidence of Spontaneous Neoplastic Lesions of Sprague-Dawley Rats in 104-Week Toxicity Studies.
Toxicologic pathologyAggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: medical treatment beyond temozolomide.
Minerva endocrinologyImmunotherapy for endocrine tumours: a clinician's perspective.
Endocrine-related cancerSpontaneous Pituitary Neoplasm in Two Female Geriatric Southern Giant Pouched Rats (Cricetomys ansorgei).
Comparative medicineCase report: Identification of potential prognosis-related LAG3 overexpression and DICER1 mutation in pituitary carcinoma: two cases.
Frontiers in neuroscienceEfficacy and safety of temozolomide in the treatment of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumours in Spain.
Frontiers in endocrinologyTherapeutic targeting of the pituitary tumor microenvironment.
Pharmacology & therapeuticsMetastatic pituitary tumors: an institutional case series.
Pituitary[Aggressive pituitary adenoma and pituitary carcinoma].
Orvosi hetilap[WHO Histological Classification of Pituitary Tumors].
No shinkei geka. Neurological surgerySomatostatin Receptor-PET/CT/MRI of Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumors.
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiologyThe treatment of aggressive prolactinomas with everolimus.
PituitaryThe Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Rare Central Nervous System Tumors.
Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)Non-functioning pituitary carcinoma: Case report and literature review.
International journal of surgery case reportsRecent Therapeutic Advances in Pituitary Carcinoma.
Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncologyMedical therapy for refractory pituitary adenomas.
PituitaryThe World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: a clinico-pathological appraisal.
Endocrine-related cancerKnowing when to discontinue Temozolomide therapy in responding aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: a systematic review and Padua (Italy) case series.
Expert review of endocrinology & metabolismOutcome and prognostic factors for pituitary carcinomas: lessons from a systematic review.
Endocrine-related cancerChronic Use of Deslorelin in Dogs: Six Cases (2005-2022).
Animals : an open access journal from MDPIWhy is pituitary carcinoma so rare?
Expert review of endocrinology & metabolismNatural history of pituitary carcinoma with metastasis to the cervical spine: illustrative case.
Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons[New pathological classification and clinical implications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors of the 2022 WHO version].
Zhonghua yi xue za zhiA case of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumour with extremely rapid progression: possible diagnostic value of TERT promoter methylation.
British journal of neurosurgeryPituitary carcinoma: A cytopathologic dilemma when metastatic to cervical lymph nodes.
Diagnostic cytopathologyPituitary adenoma & nuclear medicine: Recent outcomes and ongoing developments.
Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)Temozolomide in aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.
Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolismEpigenomic and somatic mutations of pituitary tumors with clinical and pathological correlations in 111 patients.
Clinical endocrinologyPituitary carcinoma - case series and review of the literature.
Frontiers in endocrinologyCytomorphology of pituitary carcinoma metastatic to liver diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: A rare case report and review of literature.
CytoJournalImmunotherapy for Aggressive and Metastatic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs): State-of-the Art.
CancersAggressive corticotroph tumors and carcinomas.
Journal of neuroendocrinologySuccinate dehydrogenase and MYC-associated factor X mutations in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.
Endocrine-related cancerA Pituitary Carcinoma Patient With Cerebrospinal Fluid Dissemination Showing a Good Response to Temozolomide Combined With Whole-Brain and Spinal Cord Radiotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Frontiers in oncologyUpdate in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Prolactinoma.
CancersAn aggressive lactotroph pituitary tumor in a young male: A pituitary carcinoma without metastasis.
Clinical neuropathologyParaneoplastic cast nephropathy associated with malignant prolactinoma: A case report and literature review.
Clinical nephrologyImmunotherapy in aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: a systematic review.
Endocrine-related cancerPituitary blastoma, expanding the spectrum of newly recognized entities. A case report.
Indian journal of pathology & microbiologyPituitary carcinoma: reclassification and implications in the NET schema.
Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)Corticotroph pituitary carcinoma with skeletal metastases masquerading as ectopic ACTH syndrome: a long and winding road to diagnosis.
Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reportsOverview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors.
Endocrine pathologyCOVID-19 and Cushing's disease in a patient with ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma.
Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reportsACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma with TP53, NF1, ATRX and PTEN mutations Case report and review of the literature.
EndocrinePituitary adenoma or pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: a narrative review of controversy and perspective.
Translational cancer researchPituitary Carcinoma in a Patient with Cowden Syndrome.
The American journal of case reportsDistant Pituitary Adenoma Spread: A Systematic Review and Report of 2 Cases.
Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)A Rare Case of Pituitary Carcinoma With Bone Metastases: 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Findings.
Clinical nuclear medicineA Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma: Lessons From an Exceptional Case Report.
Frontiers in endocrinologyPituitary carcinoma as a rare cause of liver metastases successfully treated with temozolomide.
Polish archives of internal medicineAggressive prolactinoma (Review).
Experimental and therapeutic medicineCranial and Spinal Metastasis of a Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Report of a Case.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgeryAdrenocorticotropic Hormone Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma: Rare, Durable Response to Concurrent Chemotherapy and Reirradiation With a Review of the Literature.
Advances in radiation oncologyShould pituitary carcinoma be treated using a NET-like approach? A case of complete remission of a metastatic malignant prolactinoma with multimodal therapy including immunotherapy.
Clinical endocrinologyTumor invasion to the spinal region after primary surgery: A case report.
Caspian journal of internal medicineEvolution of a refractory prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma into a pituitary carcinoma: report of a challenging case and literature review.
BMC endocrine disordersGrowth hormone secreting pituitary carcinomas: Case report and review of literature.
Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research SocietyPrimary Tumors of the Pituitary Gland: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, IncEpidemiology of common and uncommon adult pituitary tumors in the U.S. according to the 2017 World Health Organization classification.
PituitaryMetastases to the Pituitary Gland: Histological Patterns of Spread and Review of the Literature.
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurologyAggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.
Nature reviews. EndocrinologySynergism of Checkpoint Inhibitors and Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in the Treatment of Pituitary Carcinoma.
Journal of the Endocrine SocietyAggressive pituitary adenoma in the context of Lynch syndrome: a case report and literature review on this rare coincidence.
British journal of neurosurgeryAggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: current practices, controversies, and perspectives, on behalf of the EANS skull base section.
Acta neurochirurgicaImmune-checkpoint inhibitors in pituitary malignancies.
Anti-cancer drugs68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Pituitary Carcinoma.
Clinical nuclear medicineAggressive Cushing's Disease: Molecular Pathology and Its Therapeutic Approach.
Frontiers in endocrinologyStereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Carcinoma.
Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement[Corrigendum] Identification of microRNAs associated with the aggressiveness of prolactin pituitary tumors using bioinformatic analysis.
Oncology reportsRecent Understanding and Future Directions of Recurrent Corticotroph Tumors.
Frontiers in endocrinologyChallenges in the Diagnosis of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Endocrine pathologyClinical Implications of the New WHO Classification 2017 for Pituitary Tumors.
Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes AssociationNon-functional recurrent pituitary adenoma with intracranial metastasis-Pituitary carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.
Neuro-ChirurgieIs Seed and Soil Theory Suitable for Metastatic Spread of Pituitary Carcinomas?
Frontiers in endocrinologyDelayed Craniospinal Metastasis of Aggressive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas as Pituitary Carcinomas.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull basePituitary Carcinoma Diagnosis and Survival Improvement, with Affordable Care Act Correlation: A SEER Database Study.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull baseEfficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with pituitary carcinoma: report of four cases from a phase II study.
Journal for immunotherapy of cancerCase Report: A Case of Pituitary Carcinoma Treated With Sequential Dual Immunotherapy and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition Therapy.
Frontiers in endocrinologyImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma: a new emerging treatment?
European journal of endocrinologyCorticotroph Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Carcinomas Frequently Harbor ATRX Mutations.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismClinical features and their course of pituitary carcinoma with distant metastasis in a dog.
The Journal of veterinary medical scienceCAUTION ADVISED USING COMBINATION KETOCONAZOLE AND PD-1 INHIBITORS.
AACE clinical case reportsApproach to the Treatment of a Patient with an Aggressive Pituitary Tumor.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismImmunotherapy in Corticotroph and Lactotroph Aggressive Tumors and Carcinomas: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature.
Journal of personalized medicineStructure, Function, and Morphology in the Classification of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: the Importance of Routine Analysis of Pituitary Transcription Factors.
Endocrine pathologyMalignant Prolactinoma With Liver Metastases Masquerading as Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Frontiers in endocrinologyCervical Nodal Metastatic Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report.
Ear, nose, & throat journalAggressive Pituitary Adenomas and Carcinomas.
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North AmericaMalignancy course of pituitary adenoma in MEN1 syndrome: Clinical-Neuroradiological signs.
European journal of radiology openContemporary Management of Clinically Non-functioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Clinical Review.
Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetesLiver metastases from pituitary carcinomas mimicking visceral well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: a series of four cases.
Diagnostic pathologyNewer Concepts in the Classification of Pituitary Adenomas.
Neurology IndiaAre aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas two sides of the same coin? Pathologists reply to clinician's questions.
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersPituitary Adenomas with Changing Phenotype: A Systematic Review.
Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes AssociationMetastatic Pituitary Carcinoma Causing Cord Compression.
World neurosurgeryLong-course temozolomide in aggressive pituitary adenoma: real-life experience in two tertiary care centers and review of the literature.
PituitaryResults and predictors of outcome of endoscopic endonasal surgery in Cushing's disease: 20-year experience of an Italian referral Pituitary Center.
Journal of endocrinological investigationA Population-Level Analysis of Pituitary Carcinoma from the National Cancer Database.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull basePituitary tumours - a large retrospective single-centre study of over 2300 cases. Experience of a tertiary reference centre.
Endokrynologia PolskaTemozolomide therapy for aggressive pituitary tumours - current understanding and future perspectives.
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersPituitary carcinoma: Two case reports and review of literature.
World journal of clinical oncologyExploring the Role of Novel Medical Therapies for Aggressive Pituitary Tumors: A Review of the Literature-"Are We There Yet?".
CancersEvaluation of the potential of the Ki67 index to predict tumor evolution in patients with pituitary adenoma.
International journal of clinical and experimental pathologyEvaluation of prognostic utility of Ki-67, P53, and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression in pituitary tumors.
Journal of laboratory physiciansDefinition and diagnosis of aggressive pituitary tumors.
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersEfficacy of Temozolomide Therapy in Patients With Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas and Carcinomas-A German Survey.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismMultimodal therapy in aggressive pituitary tumors.
Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricionNelson-Salassa Syndrome Progressing to Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
CureusThe Microenvironment of Pituitary Tumors-Biological and Therapeutic Implications.
CancersAggressive prolactinomas: how to manage?
PituitaryExtraordinary case presentations in pediatric pituitary adenoma: report of 6 cases.
Journal of neurosurgery. PediatricsPituitary carcinomas: Rare and challenging.
Surgical neurology international[Pituitary carcinoma: is it too late?].
Revista de neurologiaTreatment and long-term outcomes in pituitary carcinoma: a cohort study.
European journal of endocrinologyUnusual Course of an Aggressive Pituitary Prolactinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Case reports in neurologyLower all-cause mortality rates in patients harboring pituitary carcinoma following the introduction of temozolomide.
EndocrinePituitary carcinomas: review of the current literature and report of atypical case.
British journal of neurosurgeryAn Institutional Experience of Tumor Progression to Pituitary Carcinoma in a 15-Year Cohort of 1055 Consecutive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Endocrine pathologyIdentification of Novel Genes Involved in the Pathogenesis of an ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Frontiers in oncologyLong-Term Survival After Transformation of an Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Macroadenoma to a Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma.
World neurosurgeryCurrent Standards and Recent Advances in Biomarkers of Major Endocrine Tumors.
Frontiers in pharmacologyMarked Response of a Hypermutated ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma to Ipilimumab and Nivolumab.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismPathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats.
Veterinary pathologyProlactin-Producing Pituitary Carcinoma, Hypopituitarism, and Graves' Disease-Report of a Challenging Case and Literature Review.
Frontiers in endocrinologyCombined modalities of surgery, radiotherapy, radiosurgery and chemotherapy for invasive pituitary carcinoma.
Annales d'endocrinologieTemozolomide therapy for aggressive functioning pituitary adenomas refractory to surgery and radiation: a case series.
Neuro-oncology practiceProlactin Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma with Extracranial Spread Presenting with Pathological Fracture of Femur.
Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceCorticotrophic pituitary carcinoma with cervical metastases: case series and literature review.
PituitaryMicroRNAs and Target Genes in Pituitary Adenomas.
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolismeMid-term prognosis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas with high proliferative potential: really an aggressive variant?
Journal of neuro-oncologyNeuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Pituitary Carcinoma.
Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology SocietyMalignant transformation in non-functioning pituitary adenomas (pituitary carcinoma).
PituitarySuccessful treatment of leptomeningeally metastasised pituitary carcinoma with temozolomide.
The Netherlands journal of medicineMetastatic prostate adenocarcinoma to intradural foramen magnum.
Journal of surgical case reportsFailure of a second temozolomide cycle in a patient with a prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma.
Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricionEuropean Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas.
European journal of endocrinologyCorticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome (LS) and Pituitary Tumors in a Nationwide LS Cohort.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolismPituitary carcinoma: A case report and discussion of potential value of combined use of Ga-68 DOTATATE and F-18 FDG PET/CT scan to better choose therapy.
Surgical neurology internationalMeningeal dissemination of a pituitary carcinoma to the cauda equina in a dog.
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienneSignificant response of pituitary carcinoma to carboplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil chemotherapy: a pediatric case report and review of the literature.
Journal of neuro-oncologySeeding of a Pituitary Adenoma or Atypical Pituitary Carcinoma?
CureusA Case of Pituitary Carcinoma Initially Diagnosed as an Ectopic Growth Hormone Producing Pituitary Adenoma with a High Ki-67 Labeling Index.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgeryAdvancements in the study of miRNA regulation during the cell cycle in human pituitary adenomas.
Journal of neuro-oncologyNovel aspects in histopathology of the pituitary gland.
Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricionCase report: ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma metastatic to the liver in a patient with a history of atypical pituitary adenoma and Cushing's disease.
Diagnostic pathologyMolecular targeted therapies in adrenal, pituitary and parathyroid malignancies.
Endocrine-related cancerMetastatic Pituitary Carcinoma to Cervical Lymph Node: Diagnosis by Fine Needle Aspiration and Review of the Literature.
Acta cytologicaSuccessful treatment of pituitary carcinoma with concurrent radiation, temozolomide, and bevacizumab after resection.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of AustralasiaPituitary Carcinoma in a Patient with an SDHB Mutation.
Endocrine pathologyCytomorphology of metastatic pituitary carcinoma to the bone.
Diagnostic cytopathologyRisk factors for cerebrospinal fluid leak in pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngologyAnterior and posterior suprasellar extensions of a symmetrical trilobed nonfunctional giant pituitary adenoma in the sagittal plane: a case report and review of literature.
Radiology case reportsGenetic aspects of pituitary carcinoma: A systematic review.
MedicineParadoxical and atypical responses to pasireotide in aggressive ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors.
PituitaryWidely metastatic atypical pituitary adenoma with mTOR pathway STK11(F298L) mutation treated with everolimus therapy.
CNS oncologyHow effective is temozolomide for treating pituitary tumours and when should it be used?
PituitaryTemozolomide treatment of pituitary carcinomas and atypical adenomas: systematic review of case reports.
Neuro-oncology practiceSecreting Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Pituitary Carcinoma with Cervical Metastasis.
World neurosurgeryTemozolomide therapy: Focus on patients with pituitary carcinoma.
Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceProlactin-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma with Dural Metastasis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions.
World neurosurgeryBiomarkers of pituitary carcinomas.
Expert review of endocrinology & metabolismIs there a role for early chemotherapy in the management of pituitary adenomas?
Neuro-oncologyRadiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide for the management of extraneural metastases in pituitary carcinoma.
PituitaryOutcomes in pituitary surgery in Nelson's syndrome--therapeutic pitfalls.
Endokrynologia PolskaTemozolomide therapy in patients with aggressive pituitary adenomas or carcinomas.
Journal of neuro-oncology[Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Carcinoma].
Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae SinicaePituitary adenoma-neuronal choristoma is a pituitary adenoma with ganglionic differentiation.
Experimental and molecular pathologyPituitary carcinoma with intraspinal metastasis: report of two cases and review of the literature.
International journal of clinical and experimental pathologyA retrospective study of skull base neoplasia in 42 dogs.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, IncProgression of an Invasive ACTH Pituitary Macroadenoma with Cushing's Disease to Pituitary Carcinoma.
Case reports in oncological medicineHistological criteria for atypical pituitary adenomas - data from the German pituitary adenoma registry suggests modifications.
Acta neuropathologica communicationsProlactin-producing pituitary adenoma with atypical spindle cell morphology: a case report.
World journal of surgical oncologyManagement of macroprolactinomas.
Clinical diabetes and endocrinology[New aspects of tumor pathology of the pituitary].
Der PathologeMicroRNA involvement in a metastatic non-functioning pituitary carcinoma.
PituitaryThe role of temozolomide in the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of AustralasiaInvasive, atypical and aggressive pituitary adenomas and carcinomas.
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North AmericaAssociações
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Referências e fontes
Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo
Publicações científicas
Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.
- Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?
- Life-Threatening Radiation Necrosis After Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With a Metastatic Silent PIT1 Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET).
- Imaging and clinical course of metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET): A single center case series.
- The 2022 WHO classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: An update on aggressive and metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.
- Long-term survival in a patient with metastatic prolactinoma: a 12-year follow-up.
- A Case of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Bone Metastases.
- Temozolomide in aggressive and metastatic pituitary tumors: a Brazilian multicenter real-world cohort study.
- Pituitary Cancer.
Bases de dados e fontes oficiais
Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.
- ORPHA:300385(Orphanet)
- MONDO:0017582(MONDO)
- GARD:9371(GARD (NIH))
- Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
- Q18556544(Wikidata)
Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.
Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar
