Raras
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Prolactinoma
ORPHA:2965CID-10 · D35.2CID-11 · 2F37.YOMIM 600634DOENÇA RARA

Prolactinoma é um tipo de tumor geralmente benigno que se forma na glândula hipófise e causa um excesso de prolactina no sangue. Os sintomas mais comuns são: em mulheres, a ausência de menstruação e a dificuldade para engravidar; e, em homens, a dificuldade de ereção, a diminuição do desejo sexual e a dificuldade para ter filhos.

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Introdução

O que você precisa saber de cara

📋

Prolactinoma é um tipo de tumor geralmente benigno que se forma na glândula hipófise e causa um excesso de prolactina no sangue. Os sintomas mais comuns são: em mulheres, a ausência de menstruação e a dificuldade para engravidar; e, em homens, a dificuldade de ereção, a diminuição do desejo sexual e a dificuldade para ter filhos.

Pesquisas ativas
5 ensaios
31 total registrados no ClinicalTrials.gov
Publicações científicas
2.891 artigos
Último publicado: 2026

Escala de raridade

CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORPHANET · BRASIL 2024
1-5 / 10 000
Ultra-rara
<1/50k
Muito rara
1/20k
Rara
1/10k
Pouco freq.
1/5k
Incomum
1/2k
Prevalência
44.4
United Kingdom
Início
Adolescent
+ adult, childhood, elderly
🏥
SUS: Sem cobertura SUSScore: 0%
CID-10: D35.2
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Sinais e sintomas

O que aparece no corpo e com que frequência cada sintoma acontece

Partes do corpo afetadas

📏
Crescimento
12 sintomas
👁️
Olhos
4 sintomas
🫃
Digestivo
3 sintomas
🦴
Ossos e articulações
2 sintomas
🫘
Rins
2 sintomas
🧬
Pele e cabelo
1 sintomas

+ 25 sintomas em outras categorias

Características mais comuns

90%prev.
Fertilidade diminuída em homens
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Impotência
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Fertilidade diminuída em mulheres
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Disfunção erétil
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Hipogonadismo masculino
Muito frequente (99-80%)
90%prev.
Menstruação irregular
Muito frequente (99-80%)
50sintomas
Muito frequente (14)
Frequente (19)
Ocasional (17)

Os sintomas variam de pessoa para pessoa. Abaixo estão as 50 características clínicas mais associadas, ordenadas por frequência.

Fertilidade diminuída em homensDecreased fertility in males
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
ImpotênciaImpotence
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Fertilidade diminuída em mulheresDecreased fertility in females
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Disfunção erétilErectile dysfunction
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%
Hipogonadismo masculinoMale hypogonadism
Muito frequente (99-80%)90%

Linha do tempo da pesquisa

Publicações por ano — veja quando o interesse científico cresceu
Anos de pesquisa1desde 2026
Total histórico2.891PubMed
Últimos 10 anos200publicações
Pico2025150 papers
Linha do tempo
2026Hoje · 2026🧪 1997Primeiro ensaio clínico📈 2025Ano de pico
Publicações por ano (últimos 10 anos)

Encontrou um erro ou informação desatualizada? Sugira uma correção →

Genética e causas

O que está alterado no DNA e como passa nas famílias

Genes associados

3 genes identificados com associação a esta condição. Padrão de herança: Autosomal dominant.

CDH23Cadherin-23Major susceptibility factor inTolerante
FUNÇÃO

Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells. CDH23 is required for establishing and/or maintaining the proper organization of the stereocilia bundle of hair cells in the cochlea and the vestibule during late embryonic/early postnatal development. It is part of the functional network formed by USH1C, USH1G, CDH23 and MYO7A that mediates mechanotransduction in cochlear hair cells. Required for norma

LOCALIZAÇÃO

Cell membrane

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (2)
Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochleaSensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Usher syndrome 1D

USH is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by the association of retinitis pigmentosa with sensorineural deafness. Age at onset and differences in auditory and vestibular function distinguish Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1), Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) and Usher syndrome type 3 (USH3). USH1 is characterized by profound congenital sensorineural deafness, absent vestibular function and prepubertal onset of progressive retinitis pigmentosa leading to blindness.

OUTRAS DOENÇAS (12)
autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 12Usher syndrome type 1Dnonsyndromic genetic hearing lossUsher syndrome
HGNC:13733UniProt:Q9H251
MEN1MeninMajor susceptibility factor inAltamente restrito
FUNÇÃO

Essential component of a MLL/SET1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex, a complex that specifically methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4). Functions as a transcriptional regulator. Binds to the TERT promoter and represses telomerase expression. Plays a role in TGFB1-mediated inhibition of cell-proliferation, possibly regulating SMAD3 transcriptional activity. Represses JUND-mediated transcriptional activation on AP1 sites, as well as that mediated by NFKB subunit RELA. Positively regulates

LOCALIZAÇÃO

Nucleus

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (4)
SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer regulates transcriptionDeactivation of the beta-catenin transactivating complexFormation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complexFormation of WDR5-containing histone-modifying complexes
MECANISMO DE DOENÇA

Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I

Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, gastro-intestinal endocrine tissue, the anterior pituitary and other tissues. Cutaneous lesions and nervous-tissue tumors can exist. Prognosis in MEN1 patients is related to hormonal hypersecretion by tumors, such as hypergastrinemia causing severe peptic ulcer disease (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, ZES), primary hyperparathyroidism, and acute forms of hyperinsulinemia.

EXPRESSÃO TECIDUAL(Ubíquo)
Cerebelo
45.1 TPM
Tireoide
43.2 TPM
Cérebro - Hemisfério cerebelar
40.2 TPM
Fibroblastos
37.9 TPM
Baço
35.0 TPM
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (7)
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1pituitary gigantismnull pituitary adenomaprolactin-producing pituitary gland adenoma
HGNC:7010UniProt:O00255
AIPSmall ribosomal subunit protein bS22, mitochondrialMajor susceptibility factor inModerado
FUNÇÃO

May act as a negative regulator of Aurora-A kinase, by down-regulation through proteasome-dependent degradation

LOCALIZAÇÃO

Mitochondrion matrixNucleus

VIAS BIOLÓGICAS (2)
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signallingGene and protein expression by JAK-STAT signaling after Interleukin-12 stimulation
OUTRAS DOENÇAS (7)
growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma 1familial isolated pituitary adenomapituitary gigantismsilent pituitary adenoma
HGNC:358UniProt:Q9NWT8

Variantes genéticas (ClinVar)

2,365 variantes patogênicas registradas no ClinVar.

🧬 CDH23: NM_022124.6(CDH23):c.5629G>A (p.Asp1877Asn) ()
🧬 CDH23: NM_022124.6(CDH23):c.9949G>A (p.Ala3317Thr) ()
🧬 CDH23: NM_022124.6(CDH23):c.1526del (p.Asp509fs) ()
🧬 CDH23: NM_022124.6(CDH23):c.3396C>T (p.Gly1132=) ()
🧬 CDH23: NM_022124.6(CDH23):c.1624G>T (p.Glu542Ter) ()
Ver todas no ClinVar

Diagnóstico

Os sinais que médicos procuram e os exames que confirmam

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Tratamento e manejo

Remédios, cuidados de apoio e o que precisa acompanhar

Pipeline de tratamentos
Pipeline regulatório — de medicamentos já aprovados a drogas em pesquisa exploratória.
Aprovado2
3Fase 32
2Fase 22
1Fase 11
·Pré-clínico13
Medicamentos catalogadosEnsaios clínicos· 0 medicamentos · 20 ensaios
Carregando informações de tratamento...

Onde tratar no SUS

Hospitais de referência no Brasil e o protocolo oficial do SUS (PCDT)

🇧🇷 Atendimento SUS — Prolactinoma

🗺️

Selecione um estado ou use sua localização para ver resultados.

Dados de DATASUS/CNES, SBGM, ABNeuro e Ministério da Saúde. Sempre confirme a disponibilidade diretamente com o estabelecimento.

Pesquisa ativa

Ensaios clínicos abertos e novidades científicas recentes

🟢 Recrutando agora

4 pesquisas recrutando participantes. Converse com seu médico sobre a possibilidade de participar.

Outros ensaios clínicos

31 ensaios clínicos encontrados, 5 ativos.

Distribuição por fase
Ver todos no ClinicalTrials.gov
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Publicações mais relevantes

📖Melhor nível de evidência: Revisão
Timeline de publicações
1.235 papers (10 anos)

Mostrando amostra de 200 publicações de um total de 1.235

#1

The Spectrum of Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Non-Functioning Sellar Masses: A Retrospective Analysis.

Neurology India2026 Mar 01

Differentiating prolactinomas from non-functioning sellar masses causing hyperprolactinemia due to stalk effect is a common diagnostic challenge. While both can result in elevated serum prolactin, accurate discrimination is essential for appropriate management. To determine the upper limit of serum prolactin in non-functioning sellar masses attributable to stalk effect. This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in South India from January 2015 to December 2024. Patients with both non-pituitary sellar masses and pituitary tumors with negative prolactin immunohistochemistry were included. Patients with functioning pituitary adenomas, hyperprolactinemia-inducing drugs, chronic kidney disease, severe hepatic dysfunction, and PCOS were excluded. The primary objective was to determine the upper limit of serum prolactin levels attributable to stalk effect in patients with non-functioning sellar masses. Preoperative serum prolactin levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. The 97th percentile value was taken as the upper limit. Of 288 cases of non-functioning sellar masses, 57 met inclusion criteria. Most of them (87.7%, 50/57) were >1 cm, with 68% (39/57) classified as pituitary adenomas-49% (19/39) being gonadotroph adenomas and 41% (16/39) null cell adenomas. Hyperprolactinemia was observed in 32% of patients. The median serum prolactin level was 14.8 ng/mL, and the 97th percentile was 70 ng/ml. No significant correlation was found between tumor size and serum prolactin level (r = 0.13, P = 0.35). Gender did not significantly affect serum prolactin levels. A serum prolactin threshold of 70 ng/mL was identified, above which non-functioning sellar masses are highly unlikely. In patients with non-functioning sellar masses, serum prolactin levels rarely exceed 70 ng/ml. This threshold may serve as a useful diagnostic marker to distinguish stalk effect from prolactinomas. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is warranted.

#2

A novel germline CDH23 variant as a likely cause of an ultra-giant prolactinoma.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases2026 Jan 29

Giant prolactinomas are defined as pituitary adenomas (PAs) ≥ 4 cm with plasma prolactin level > 1000 ng/ml with no other co-secretory component. The reasons for development of giant prolactinomas are not clear but genetics play an important pathogenic mechanism in some PAs. In this report, we describe a middle-aged woman who incidentally was found to have an infiltrative giant prolactinoma involving the sellar, supra- and parasellar regions and occupying most of the middle fossae of the skull extending all the way to the occipital and upper cervical regions. Anteriorly, it extends to the sphenoid and parasellar sinuses, nasopharynx and nasal cavities. It was initially thought to be a nasopharyngeal cancer but biopsy from a protruding component from the right nostril showed that it was a prolactinoma. Prolactin level after several dilutions was extremely high at 277,500 ng/ml (normal range 3.4–24.1 ng/ml). Surprisingly, her pituitary function evaluation showed only mild central hypothyroidism [(FT4 11.4 pmol/l (normal range 12–22) and TSH 1.9 mU/l (normal range 0.27–4.2)] and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (E2 47 pmol/l, LH 1.9 u/l, FSH 5.9 u/l). Cosyntropin stimulation test was normal suggesting normal pituitary adrenal axis but insulin-induced hypoglycaemia test was not performed. In retrospect, the patient reported chronic nasal congestion and snoring, headaches on/off and deterioration in her hearing and visual acuity over the last few years. She ascribed these symptoms to sinusitis and advancing age, respectively. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel variant in CDH23 (NM_022124.6:c.2621C > A, p.Ala874Asp), a gene that has been previously reported to be associated with PAs. The patient was treated with small doses of cabergoline (0.5 mg twice weekly) and reported remarkable improvement in her symptoms. Radiological evaluation confirmed the significant response of this giant prolactinoma to cabergoline.

#3

Prolactinoma in males: a single center experience in Northern Africa.

Medicine and pharmacy reports2026 Jan

Male prolactinoma remains a singular entity. Our study represents the first reported experience of male prolactinoma in Northern Africa. Our work aimed to characterize prolactinomas in the male population, an entity known for its aggressive features, and also to highlight the specific challenges encountered in a North African clinical context. This is a retrospective descriptive study of male patients presenting with prolactinoma at the endocrinology, diabetology and nutrition department of a university hospital center over a 10-year period. The mean age at diagnosis was 37 ± 11 years. Mass effect related symptoms were present in 83% of cases. Decreased visual acuity was found in 60% of cases. Galactorrhea was found in 13% of cases, decreased libido in 60% of cases, and gynecomastia in 20% of cases. At the time of diagnosis, the mean prolactin level was 4,685 ng/ml (79-33,000). All patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Among our patients, 66% had undergone dopaminergic agonists as monotherapy, and pituitary surgery was performed in 33% of cases in conjunction with dopaminergic agonists. After a 30-month average follow-up, medical treatment achieved prolactin control in 83% of cases and tumor shrinkage in 70%, while surgery achieved prolactin control in 85% and tumor shrinkage in 70% of cases. Prolactinoma in men is usually invasive and of considerable volume, putting patients at risk of mass effect related symptoms, especially ophthalmologic complications. Hence the importance of early, multidisciplinary and personalized management.

#4

Familial prolactinomas.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism2026 Mar 11

Prolactinomas are among the most common pituitary tumours, with a small but clinically significant subset occurring on a familial or inherited basis. This review examines the spectrum of genetic conditions associated with familial prolactinoma, including both isolated familial forms and complex syndromic disorders. The clinical features that should raise suspicion for an underlying genetic predisposition are outlined, along with the appropriate steps for genetic evaluation and counselling. The implications of a genetic diagnosis for both the management of the individual patient and the screening of at-risk family members are highlighted. Through the integration of genetics into clinical practice, a more personalized and preventive approach to the care of patients with prolactinomas and their families can be achieved.

#5

The clinical value of [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine PET ([18F]FET-PET) correlated with MRI in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas: an observational cohort study.

Pituitary2026 Mar 07

To assess the clinical value of [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine PET ([18F]FET-PET) correlated with MRI in patients with functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA) with negative or equivocal conventional MRIs during diagnosis, persistent disease and recurrence. Retrospective observational cohort study of 34 patients with FPAs who underwent a total of 37 [18F]FET-PETs (Cushing’s disease: n = 19, acromegaly: n = 14, prolactinoma: n = 3, and TSH producing adenoma: n = 1) between January 2022 and April 2025. The clinical performance was assessed in the surgically treated cohort, using confirmative histopathology and/or postoperative remission as reference standard. [18F]FET-PET identified a single lesion in 28 scans (76%), two lesions in 1 scan (3%), and no lesion in 8 scans (22%). [18F]FET-PET and MRI were concordant positive in 14/37 scans, concordant negative in 1/37, discordant MRI+/[18F]FET-PET + different location in 2/37, discordant MRI-/[18F]FET-PET + in 8/37, discordant MRI+/[18F]FET-PET- in 7/37 and partly concordant in 5/37 scans. In 14 cases surgery resulted in confirmative histopathology and/or postoperative remission, 12 of those had a positive [18F]FET-PET. In 6 cases surgery did not result in confirmative histopathology and/or postoperative remission, of whom 5 had a positive [18F]FET-PET. Overall, the sensitivity was 86% and the positive predictive value 71%. In three patients with acromegaly, [18F]FET-PET was able to localize a lesion, despite biochemical control under continued somatostatin analogue treatment. [18F]FET-PET enhances lesion detection and improves personalized treatment in patients with FPA and negative or equivocal conventional MRIs throughout the disease course. Consensus on the timing of [18F]FET-PET with respect to medication and biochemical status is warranted. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11102-025-01634-w.

Publicações recentes

Ver todas no PubMed

📚 EuropePMC1.212 artigos no totalmostrando 197

2026

Prolactinoma in males: a single center experience in Northern Africa.

Medicine and pharmacy reports
2026

The Spectrum of Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Non-Functioning Sellar Masses: A Retrospective Analysis.

Neurology India
2026

The clinical value of [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine PET ([18F]FET-PET) correlated with MRI in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas: an observational cohort study.

Pituitary
2026

Sex differences in the clinical presentation, management and long-term outcomes of pituitary tumors in children and adolescents.

Pituitary
2026

Surgery for prolactinoma.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism
2026

Multiple endocrine neoplasia with an atypical clinical course and a MEN1 gene variant of uncertain pathogenicity: A case report.

Medicine
2026

p300-mediated histone H3K18 lactylation promotes mitochondrial ROS accumulation via mitophagy inhibition to potentiate dopamine agonists efficacy in prolactinomas.

Redox biology
2026

Efficacy and long-term outcomes of dopamine agonist treatment in prolactinomas.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism
2026

Dopamine agonist withdrawal in patients with prolactinoma.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism
2025

LATE DIAGNOSIS OF ACROMEGALY IN THE SETTING OF A SOMATOPROLACTINOMA.

Georgian medical news
2026

Sex-related differences in healthcare utilization and costs among patients with pituitary adenomas.

Pituitary
2026

Impact of sex on mortality in patients with pituitary adenomas.

Pituitary
2026

Hypopituitarism in patients with prolactinomas: a narrative review.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism
2026

Cavernous Sinus Medial Wall Resection: A Retrospective Single-Institution Study on Outcomes in Functional Pituitary Adenomas.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
2026

Cabergoline and impulse control disorders: Screening patients with pituitary adenomas in an endocrinology clinic.

Journal of psychiatric research
2026

Dopamine Agonist Therapy Induced Fatal Pneumocephalus in Giant Prolactinoma.

JCEM case reports
2026

A novel germline CDH23 variant as a likely cause of an ultra-giant prolactinoma.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2026

The Differences Between Dopamine Agonist-Resistant and -Non-Resistant Prolactinomas: Are There Any Predictors of a Good Response?

Biomedicines
2026

Surgical Outcomes in Knosp Grade 3 or 4 Macroprolactinomas: What Role Does Debulking Surgery Play?

World neurosurgery
2026

Widespread invasion of a giant prolactinoma via valveless venous channels: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons
2026

Class III Obesity as a Presenting Syndrome in Prolactinoma Patients: Insights Into Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction in This Unique Group.

Clinical obesity
2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery (EETS) for PitNETs: Outcomes in a Single Institution Over a Decade.

Neuro endocrinology letters
2026

Fertility and pregnancy in patients with prolactinoma.

Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism
2026

Endoscopic surgery for noninvasive prolactinomas: A large multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study (PRLomaSaR).

Endocrine
2026

Cabergoline monotherapy in GH- and PRL-cosecreting pituitary adenomas.

Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)
2026

Long-term cabergoline use does not predict degree of prolactinoma fibrosis nor significantly impact surgical outcomes.

Pituitary
2026

The usefulness of cannulated prolactin test in mild hyperprolactinemia: case series and systematic review of the literature.

Pituitary
2025

Giant Prolactinoma: Challenges in Management.

AACE endocrinology and diabetes
2025

Management for prolactinomas of postmenopausal female patients: a retrospective single-center study.

BMC endocrine disorders
2025

The diagnostic dilemma of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with an emphasis on histopathologic findings.

Diagnostic pathology
2025

Pituitary Apoplexy: A Case Series.

Cureus
2025

Rising burden of PRL-PitNETs: patterns across tumour sizes and incidentalomas.

European journal of endocrinology
2026

Aggressive Macroprolactinoma Refractory to Multiple Lines of Localized and Systemic Therapy.

JCEM case reports
2025

Correlation between serum endocrine hormone levels and malignancy degree of prolactinoma and their predictive value for patient prognosis.

Scientific reports
2025

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula following dopamine agonist therapy in giant prolactinomas: A case series and review of the literature.

Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska
2026

Endoscopic endonasal surgery for prolactin-secreting adenoma: a retrospective multicenter study by the neuroendoscopy section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery.

Journal of neurosurgery
2025

Long-term survival in a patient with metastatic prolactinoma: a 12-year follow-up.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
2025

High-Risk Prostate Cancer in a Patient with Untreated Prolactinoma and Castrate-Level Testosterone Suppression: A Case Report.

Case reports in oncology
2025

Giant Prolactinoma Resistant to High-Dose Cabergoline in a Young Male Lost to Follow-Up.

Cureus
2025

Case Report: Management of a pregnancy complicated by a symptomatic macroprolactinoma.

Frontiers in medicine
2025

Therapeutic challenges of giant invasive cystic macroprolactinoma.

Endocrinology, diabetes &amp; metabolism case reports
2025

Pituitary hormone deficiencies in prolactinomas: prevalence, predictors, and functional recovery.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2026

Endocrine Comorbidities in Fibromyalgia.

Clinical endocrinology
2025

Autonomic balance and cardiovascular hemodynamic function in men with prolactinoma.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2026

Approach to the Patient With Dopamine-Resistant Microprolactinoma.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2025

Loss of heterozygosity and absence of MAX immunostaining in a prolactinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 5 (MEN5).

Pituitary
2025

Aggressive prolactinomas in men are associated with visual disturbances and pituitary hormone deficiencies.

Scientific reports
2025

[Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary prolactinoma (2025 edition)].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
2025

[Clinical management of pituitary prolactinoma from the perspective of obstetrics and gynecology: from reproductive health to lifespan care].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
2025

[Clinical practice considerations on cabergoline in the treatment of pituitary prolactinoma].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
2025

[Refractory pituitary prolactinoma:current treatment status and challenges].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
2025

[The evolving role of surgery in the management of pituitary prolactinomas].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
2025

[Interpretation of key updates in the "Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary prolactinoma (2025 edition)"].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
2026

Multiparameter MRI-based clinical-radiomic model to differentiate prolactinoma from hyperprolactinemic nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.

Journal of neurosurgery
2025

Management of a mixed ACTH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma during pregnancy.

Endocrinology, diabetes &amp; metabolism case reports
2025

Cystic versus non-cystic prolactinoma: clinical, hormonal, radiological, and remission outcomes in Basrah.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2025

Somatostatin 5 receptor expression in prolactinomas: Is there a role for Pasireotide in the management of prolactinomas?

Pituitary
2025

Deguelin inhibits growth and prolactin synthesis in prolactinomas by targeting the PI3K/AKT/CREB3L1 pathway and ornithine decarboxylase.

Acta pharmacologica Sinica
2025

Management outcomes of prolactinoma: a retrospective study from Southern Iraq.

Journal of medicine and life
2025

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dopamine Agonists Induced Impulse Control Disorders in Patients With Prolactinoma.

International journal of psychiatry in medicine
2025

Immunohistochemical Comparison of Dopamine-2 Receptor Expression in Resistant and Non-Resistant Prolactinomas.

Journal of clinical medicine
2025

Stiff-person syndrome mimic secondary to hypopituitarism: a case report and literature review.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2025

Challenges in the Management of Silent Lactotroph Pituitary Adenoma.

JCEM case reports
2025

Transcriptomic classification of prolactinomas and somatotropinomas identifies subtypes with variable resistance to treatment.

European journal of endocrinology
2025

Mortality in patients with dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia: a large matched-cohort study.

Pituitary
2025

Dynamic changes in IGF-1 levels during cabergoline therapy in prolactinoma.

Growth hormone &amp; IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
2025

Secondary Loss of Response to Dopamine Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Macroprolactinoma.

Cureus
2025

Rare Occurrence of Distant Metastases in Prolactinoma: Insights From 2 Cases and Review of the Literature.

AACE endocrinology and diabetes
2025

Profile of pituitary adenoma in patients from rural areas: A study at Dr. Saiful Anwar hospital, Indonesia, 2024.

Surgical neurology international
2025

Debate: Surgery as Initial Therapy for Microprolactinoma.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2026

How to Define Success in Prolactinoma Treatment-A Systematic Review and Theoretical Framework.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2025

An 18-year Odyssey: navigating the complex path of prolactinoma management: a case report.

Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports
2025

Risk-Stratifying Pituitary Adenoma Treatment: A Cohort Analysis and Risk Prediction of Hypopituitarism.

Journal of clinical medicine
2025

Prolactin secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors treated by dopamine agonists: predictors of response.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2025

Long-term primary pharmacotherapy of giant prolactinomas: A comparison of different cabergoline dosages.

Journal of clinical &amp; translational endocrinology
2025

Follow-up of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism recovery in Chinese male prolactinoma patients treated with dopamine agonists.

Endocrine
2025

A new and useful tool for differentiating prolactinomas from non-functioning pituitary adenomas: a pilot study of the cabergoline disconnection test.

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
2025

Paeoniflorin attenuates hyperprolactinemia by targeting the pituitary mPRα-mediated, dopamine receptor-independent signaling in vivo and in vitro.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology
2026

Prolactinomas and Knosp grade: when is surgery the appropriate choice? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurosurgery
2025

The clinicopathological PANOMEN-3 classification predicts pituitary adenoma prognosis: a real-world retrospective single center study of a surgically treated cohort.

Pituitary
2025

Identifying Hub Genes Associated with Sex Disparities in Prolactinomas.

Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers
2025

Cabergoline-induced prolactinoma treatment and subsequent estrogen-driven vascular smooth muscle tumorigenesis in a middle-aged female: A case report.

International journal of surgery case reports
2025

Urinary incontinence as a novel and underrecognized clinical manifestation of prolactinoma in women.

Pituitary
2025

Prolactin-secreting adenomas: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

The lancet. Diabetes &amp; endocrinology
2025

Lipid Profile Differences in Monomeric Hyperprolactinemia, Macroprolactinemia, and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Analysis.

Neuroendocrinology
2025

Prolactin impairs erectile function via eNOS suppression independently of testosterone.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology
2025

Evaluating pituitary tumor management: aligning with pituitary tumor centers of excellence criteria.

Pituitary
2025

Hypogonadism in men with prolactinoma: Diagnosis, treatment, and management of persistent hypogonadism.

Vitamins and hormones
2025

When the fog lingers: persistent cognitive and emotional burden in patients with a prolactinoma despite disease control.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2026

Comprehensive Comparison of Visual Outcomes in Macro and Giant Prolactinoma Cohorts Managed With Medical Versus Surgical Treatment.

Neurosurgery
2025

Epidemiologic Profile and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients with Prolactinoma at the Philippine General Hospital.

Acta medica Philippina
2025

Thyroid Scan Conundrum in a Rare Case of McCune-Albright Syndrome.

Indian journal of nuclear medicine : IJNM : the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India
2025

Novel germline likely pathogenic frameshift variant of the MEN1 gene contributes to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a case report with review of literature.

Endocrine journal
2025

Differential expression of PTEN, pAKT1, pRPS6, and mismatch repair proteins in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
2025

Giant Pituitary Adenoma Presenting with Craniovertebral Junction Instability: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Neurology India
2025

Safety of Cabergoline for Prolactinoma in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical endocrinology
2025

Prolactinoma Resection in a Transgender Woman on Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy.

JCEM case reports
2025

Anemia in Patients With Pituitary Adenomas: Prevalence and Correlation With Hypopituitarism.

Cureus
2025

"Just Got Diagnosed; What Worked for You?": A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Treatment Experiences in the Prolactinoma Subreddit.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base
2025

Microbiome and metabolic disorder in prolactinoma: intrinsic gender differences and extrinsic therapy effects.

Pituitary
2025

Giant Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cureus
2025

Endoscopic endonasal transcavernous surgery for a contemporary series of 59 prolactinomas.

Pituitary
2025

High-dose Hook Effect in a Case of Giant Prolactinoma Confounded by Acute Kidney Injury.

JCEM case reports
2025

Estimating diagnostic delay in patients with pituitary adenomas in Sweden: a cross-sectional study.

BMJ open
2025

Baseline testosterone levels as a predictor of hypogonadism resolution in male patients with isolated hyperprolactinemia.

Pituitary
2025

Cabergoline counteracts adipose and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation: A novel therapeutic approach to obesity?

Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie
2025

Hyperprolactinemia caused by extra-pituitary prolactin secretion: a systematic review.

Endocrine connections
2025

Treatments for MEN1-associated endocrine tumours: three systematic reviews and a meta-analysis.

The lancet. Diabetes &amp; endocrinology
2025

Subtle Cognitive Impairments and Psychological Complaints in Patients With Prolactinoma Despite Biochemical Control.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2025

Advances in Drug Treatments for Male Patients with Prolactinomas.

Neuroendocrinology
2025

Genetic association of AIP gene variant c.910C>T with pituitary adenomaacromegaly patients of Pakistani origin.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
2025

Lights or shadows, a promising future for positron emission tomography in pituitary tumors: a systematic review.

Reviews in endocrine &amp; metabolic disorders
2025

Successful diagnosis and monitoring of giant prolactinomas: the role of sample dilutions.

Laboratory medicine
2025

Impulse control disorders in prolactinoma patients treated with dopamine agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
2025

Examining the viability of modern endoscopic endonasal surgery as a first-line treatment for macroprolactinomas: a multicentric study on the results and significance of the highest preoperative prolactin level in predicting long-term surgical outcomes.

Journal of neurosurgery
2025

Hyperprolactinemia and cancer risk: a Swedish population-based cohort study.

Endocrine connections
2025

Impulse control disorders in pituitary adenoma: What do we know and what we still don't know in almost two decades?

Pituitary
2025

Wogonin inhibits the proliferation of prolactinoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Frontiers in pharmacology
2025

Atherosclerosis enhances the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated bromocriptine in reducing the incidence of prolactinemia in pituitary tumors.

Journal of nanobiotechnology
2025

Hyperprolactinemia in children and adolescents: clinical characteristics and etiological spectrum.

European journal of pediatrics
2025

The effect of hyperprolactinemia and its treatment on oxidative stress.

Endocrine research
2025

Impact of Tumor Size on Prolactinoma Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes: A Study of a Tunisian Cohort.

Biomedicines
2025

Cabergoline monotherapy in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with elevated prolactin: a viable option?

Endocrine
2025

Spatial transcriptomics reveal PI3K-AKT and metabolic alterations in aggressive, treatment-resistant lactotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Acta neuropathologica communications
2025

Elevated Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels in 2 Patients With Prolactinomas: An Underrecognized Association.

JCEM case reports
2025

MicroRNA Is Downregulated in Invasive Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas.

International journal of molecular sciences
2025

Soluble alpha klotho-impact of biological variables and reference intervals for adults.

European journal of endocrinology
2025

Cabergoline-induced cerebrospinal fluid fistulae in macroprolactinomas.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery
2025

Pediatric Pituitary Adenomas and Cysts: A 46-Year Population-Based Analysis.

Journal of the Endocrine Society
2025

Impulse Control Disorders in Patients With Hyperprolactinemia on Dopamine Agonist Therapy-How Concerned Should We Be?

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
2025

Cholesterol-activated stress granules reduce the membrane localization of DRD2 and promote prolactinoma dopamine agonists resistance.

Acta neuropathologica communications
2025

Navigating prognostic strategies for GH- and PRL-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: key insights from a clinicopathological study.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2025

Intracavitary Yttrium-90 Colloid Therapy for Cystic Sellar Masses: A Phase II Clinical Trial With 5-Year Follow-Up.

Neurosurgery
2025

Functional Suppression of a Prolactinoma by a Dopamine-Secreting Paraganglioma.

JCEM case reports
2025

Impulse control disorders in patients with pituitary adenoma managed with or without dopamine agonists: a cross-sectional study from a UK centre.

Pituitary
2025

The contribution of prolactin in the occurrence of premature cardiovascular disease predominantly through modulating the inflammatory cascade.

European journal of clinical investigation
2025

Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Patient With a Prolactinoma on Dopamine Agonists: Coincidence or Consequence.

JCEM case reports
2025

Double pituitary adenoma associated with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia: a case report.

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism
2025

Transcriptomic analysis of the anti-tumor effects of leflunomide in prolactinoma.

Scientific reports
2025

Circulating miR-20a-5p as a biomarker associated with cabergoline responsiveness in patients with hyperprolactinemia and pituitary adenomas.

European journal of endocrinology
2025

Resistant PRL-secreting PitNET associated with breast carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

International cancer conference journal
2025

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in childhood and description of a novel variant.

Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo
2025

Cabergoline Use and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Birth defects research
2025

Gender differences in prolactin thresholds and their association with lactotroph adenoma invasiveness for potential treatment considerations.

Scientific reports
2025

Ectopic dopamine agonist-resistant macroprolactinoma to the clivus masquerading as a chordoma - A case report.

Endocrine regulations
2025

Reassessing the role of the p.(Arg304Gln) missense AIP variant in pituitary tumorigenesis.

European journal of endocrinology
2025

Good response rates and predictors during the first year of cabergoline treatment in large invasive prolactinomas.

Pituitary
2025

Menopause Has a Beneficial Influence on the Evolution of Prolactinomas. A Study of 99 Patients.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2025

Dopamine agonists and weight changes in prolactinoma patients.

Pituitary
2025

Recovery of hypopituitarism in macroprolactinomas: a comparison of medical vs. surgical treatment. Results from a European multicenter study.

Journal of endocrinological investigation
2025

A Narrative Review of Surgery for Prolactinomas: Considerations and Controversies.

Journal of clinical medicine
2025

Double PitNETs: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cancers
2025

miR-21-5p Targets PIK3R1 to Regulate the NF-κB Signaling Pathway, Inhibiting the Invasion and Progression of Prolactinoma.

International journal of endocrinology
2025

Arrested Puberty in a Young Adult With a Macroprolactinoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Case reports in endocrinology
2025

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 With Adrenal Cortical Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A 25-Year Follow-Up and Family Report.

JCEM case reports
2025

Ovarian cancer causing hyperprolactinemia: A case report and narrative review.

Medicine
2025

Ischemic stroke risk in patients with dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia.

Journal of neuroendocrinology
2025

Headache in pituitary adenomas: frequency, characteristics and outcome after treatment.

Pituitary
2025

Prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinomas with intra- and extracranial metastasis: case report and review.

Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko
2025

Aripiprazole use as a cause of dopamine agonist failure in the treatment of prolactinomas.

Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)
2025

Predictors of favorable long-term outcomes in first-line surgery for microprolactinomas.

Journal of neuro-oncology
2025

Outcomes in surgical management of microprolactinomas: an international multi-institutional series.

Pituitary
2025

Exploring sex-specific hematological changes and their impact on quality of life in patients with prolactinoma.

Pituitary
2025

Hypogonadism in a Man With Cystic Fibrosis and an Unusually Low Serum Testosterone: A Cautionary Tale.

AACE clinical case reports
2025

Etiology, presentation, and outcomes of hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary masses in children and adolescents.

Endocrine
2025

Cabergoline-induced NDFIP1 upregulation in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor cells activates mTOR signaling and contributes to cabergoline resistance.

Journal of neuro-oncology
2025

Conservative medical therapy for a macroprolactinoma presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus.

BMJ case reports
2025

Psychological burden in patients with sellar masses under conservative and surgical management.

Neurosurgical review
2024

A rare case of double pituitary prolactinomas: the diagnostic application of intraoperative ultrasonography and DNA methylation markers.

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism
2025

Cabergoline Induced Pathological Gambling in an Adolescent with Prolactinoma.

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology
2025

Determinants of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in a large cohort of macroprolactinomas.

Annales d'endocrinologie
2025

Gonadotropic axis following endoscopic surgery for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in patients of reproductive age.

Annales d'endocrinologie
2025

Hyperprolactinemia complicated with peliosis hepatis: One case report and review of literature.

Medicine
2025

Correlation between MRI findings of pituitary gland and prolactin level among hyperprolactinemia adult female Saudi patients in rural areas: A retrospective multicentric study.

Medicine
2025

Screening with Metoclopramide Test to Reduce Unnecessary Pituitary Magnetic Resonance Studies in Moderate Hyperprolactinemia.

The journal of applied laboratory medicine
2025

RET signalling in the pituitary: a double-edged sword for differentiation, apoptosis and therapeutic strategies in acromegaly.

Endocrine-related cancer
2024

Genotype-negative multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with prolactinoma, hyperparathyroidism, and subclinical Cushing's syndrome accompanied by hyperglycemia: a case report.

Frontiers in endocrinology
2025

Pharmacological management of pituitary adenomas - what is new on the horizon?

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
2025

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Context of Pituitary Adenomas: Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management.

Clinical endocrinology
2024

Giant prolactinoma with progressive cranial settling and central herniation: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports
2025

Pituitary adenomas in children: surgical course and functional outcome. Lille cohort retrospective study.

Neuro-Chirurgie
2024

Incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas without sellar floor reconstruction: A retrospective observational study from a low-middle-income country.

Pakistan journal of medical sciences
2024

MicroRNA networks in prolactinoma tumorigenesis: a scoping review.

Cancer cell international
2025

Multiple Eyelid Apocrine Hidrocystomas in a Patient With Prolactinoma.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery
2024

The Activation of p300 Enhances the Sensitivity of Pituitary Adenomas to Dopamine Agonist Treatment by Regulating the Transcription of DRD2.

International journal of molecular sciences
2024

Zuyangping formula promotes skin wound healing in diabetic rats.

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan
2024

Assessment of the initial results of pituitary tumor registry at a tertiary hospital of Iran: 2009-2022.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
2025

Disease Activity and Maternal-fetal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Prolactinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
2024

Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea in Pre-operative Pituitary Adenoma: A Report of Two Cases.

Cureus
2024

Diagnostic Utility of the Prolactin Decrease Rate in the Diagnosis of Mild Hyperprolactinemia.

Cureus
2025

Clinical Features and Hormonal Profile of Macroprolactinomas Presenting With the Hook Effect: A Systematic Review.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
2024

Modern approach to bone comorbidity in prolactinoma.

Pituitary
2024

[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].

Problemy endokrinologii
2024

Mass Spectrometric and Immunologic Detection of Prolactin-Derived Vasoinhibin in Human Serum.

Clinical laboratory
2024

Reframing the Paradigm: A Nuanced Approach to Prolactinoma Management.

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
2024

Clinical parameters and postoperative outcomes of pituitary adenomas in children: Analysis according to size of adenomas and adopted surgical procedures.

Molecular and clinical oncology
2024

B2R-D2R Interaction in Prolactinomas and Nonfunctional Adenomas: Impact on Dopamine Resistance.

Endocrinology
Ver todos os 1.212 no EuropePMC

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Referências e fontes

Bases de dados externas citadas neste artigo

Publicações científicas

Artigos indexados no PubMed ligados a esta doença no grafo RarasNet — título, periódico e PMID direto da fonte, sem intermediação de IA.

  1. The Spectrum of Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Non-Functioning Sellar Masses: A Retrospective Analysis.
    Neurology India· 2026· PMID 41817061mais citado
  2. A novel germline CDH23 variant as a likely cause of an ultra-giant prolactinoma.
    Orphanet journal of rare diseases· 2026· PMID 41612354mais citado
  3. Prolactinoma in males: a single center experience in Northern Africa.
    Medicine and pharmacy reports· 2026· PMID 41878048mais citado
  4. Familial prolactinomas.
    Best practice &amp; research. Clinical endocrinology &amp; metabolism· 2026· PMID 41850963mais citado
  5. The clinical value of [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine PET ([18F]FET-PET) correlated with MRI in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas: an observational cohort study.
    Pituitary· 2026· PMID 41793555mais citado
  6. Prolactinomas treated with dopaminergic agonists: behavior in different moments of life.
    Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet· 2026· PMID 41988239recente
  7. Amyloidogenic pituitary prolactinoma.
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol· 2026· PMID 41983748recente
  8. Evaluation of incretin levels in patients with prolactinoma.
    Endokrynol Pol· 2026· PMID 41954582recente
  9. The cross-talk between prolactin and growth hormone in pituitary adenomas.
    Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab· 2026· PMID 41951532recente
  10. Pituitary Apoplexy With Marked Hyperprolactinemia in a 19-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report of Diagnostic Challenges and Surgical Management.
    Cureus· 2026· PMID 41939625recente

Bases de dados e fontes oficiais

Identificadores e referências canônicas usadas para montar este verbete.

  1. ORPHA:2965(Orphanet)
  2. OMIM OMIM:600634(OMIM)
  3. MONDO:0010911(MONDO)
  4. GARD:4508(GARD (NIH))
  5. Variantes catalogadas(ClinVar)
  6. Busca completa no PubMed(PubMed)
  7. Artigo Wikipedia(Wikipedia)
  8. Q954831(Wikidata)

Dados compilados pelo RarasNet a partir de fontes abertas (Orphanet, OMIM, MONDO, PubMed/EuropePMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, DATASUS, PCDT/MS). Este conteúdo é informativo e não substitui avaliação médica.

Conteúdo mantido por Agente Raras · Médicos e pesquisadores podem colaborar

Prolactinoma
Compêndio · Raras BR

Prolactinoma

ORPHA:2965 · MONDO:0010911
Prevalência
1-5 / 10 000
Herança
Autosomal dominant
CID-10
D35.2 · Neoplasia benigna da glândula hipófise (pituitária)
CID-11
Ensaios
5 ativos
Início
Adolescent, Adult, Childhood, Elderly
Prevalência
44.4 (United Kingdom)
MedGen
UMLS
C0033375
EuropePMC
Wikidata
Wikipedia
Papers 10a
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