Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome

A rare skeletal disorder, usually presenting in early childhood with a clinical picture mimicking juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Progressive destruction of the carpal and tarsal bone usually occurs and other bones may also be involved. Chronic renal failure is a frequent component of the syndrome. Intellectual disability and minor facial anomalies have been noted in some patients.

Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome

An atypical progeroid syndrome characterized by normal development in the first years of life, later followed by the emergence of generalized lipoatrophy, severe osteoporosis, and marked osteolysis. The atrophic facial subcutaneous fat pad and the marked osteolysis of the maxilla and mandible result in a typical pseudosenile facial appearance with micrognathia, prominent subcutaneous venous patterning, a convex nasal ridge, and proptosis. Cognitive development is completely normal. Patients do not have cardiovascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, or metabolic anomalies.

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome

An autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by abnormal growth of hyalinized fibrous tissue usually affecting subcutaneous regions on the scalp, ears, neck, face, hands, and feet. The lesions appear as pearly papules or fleshy nodules. Additional features include gingival hypertrophy, progressive joint contractures resulting in severe limitation of mobility, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Disease severity is variable. Some individuals manifest symptoms in infancy and have additional visceral or systemic involvement. Hyaline deposits in multiple organs, recurrent infections and intractable diarrhea often lead to early death. Surviving children may suffer from severely reduced mobility due to joint contractures. Other patients have later onset of a milder disorder affecting only the face and digits.

Alagille syndrome 2

A form of Alagille syndrome, an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. It is clinically defined by hepatic bile duct paucity and cholestasis in association with cardiac, skeletal, and ophthalmologic manifestations. There are characteristic facial features and less frequent clinical involvement of the renal and vascular systems.

Winchester syndrome

A disease characterized by severe osteolysis in the hands and feet, generalized osteoporosis, bone thinning, and absence of subcutaneous nodules. Various additional features include coarse face, corneal opacities, gum hypertrophy, and EKG changes.

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant

A form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, a degenerative myopathy characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, early contractures of the elbows, Achilles tendons and spine, and cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac conduction defects.

Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B lipodystrophy

A form of mandibuloacral dysplasia, a rare progeroid disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity, characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphic features due to distal bone resorption, musculoskeletal and skin abnormalities associated with lipodystrophy. MADB is a disease characterized by mandibular and clavicular hypoplasia, acroosteolysis, delayed closure of the cranial suture, joint contractures, and generalized lipodystrophy with loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities, face, neck and trunk.

Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy 1

A recessively inherited disease characterized by presenile dementia along with large-scale destruction of cancellous bones. Initial symptoms, starting in the twenties, are pain and swelling resulting from cysts in the wrists and ankles. Extremity bone fractures could occur with minor trauma. At around 30 years of age, patients gradually develop neuropsychiatric symptoms, including epileptic seizures, agnosia, apraxia, speech disorder, memory disturbance, euphoria, and loss of social inhibitions. The disorder usually leads to death in the fifth decade of life.

Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy 2

An autosomal recessive disease characterized by presenile frontal dementia with leukoencephalopathy and basal ganglia calcification. In most cases the disorder first manifests in early adulthood as pain and swelling in ankles and feet, followed by bone fractures. Neurologic symptoms manifest in the fourth decade of life as a frontal lobe syndrome with loss of judgment, euphoria, and disinhibition. Progressive decline in other cognitive domains begins to develop at about the same time. The disorder culminates in a profound dementia and death by age 50 years.

Multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy

An autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by severe multicentric osteolysis with predominant involvement of the hands and feet. Additional features include coarse face, corneal opacities, patches of thickened, hyperpigmented skin, hypertrichosis and gum hypertrophy.

Familial expansile osteolysis

Rare autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by focal areas of increased bone remodeling. The osteolytic lesions develop usually in the long bones during early adulthood. FEO is often associated with early-onset deafness and loss of dentition.